Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-hyrax
UDaman esithombeni ifana nembila, kepha lokhu kufana phezulu. Isayensi ikufakazele ukuthi izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu daman — izindlovu.
Kwa-Israyeli, kune-daman yaseKapa, igama layo lokuqala okwakuthiwa "shafan", okusho ukuthi ngesiRashiya, lowo ocashile. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela uhhafu wemitha ngesisindo esingu-4 kg. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba wesilwane inombala onsundu, ingxenye engezansi ngamathoni ambalwa alula. Ijazi le-hyrax likhulu kakhulu, linengubo yangaphansi eminyene.
Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokobulili banendlala evezwe ngemuva. Lapho isatshiswa noma ididizela, ikhipha into enephunga elinamandla. Le ndawo engemuva imvamisa iba umbala ohlukile.
Esinye sezici isilwane hyrax ukwakheka kwezitho zakhe. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphambili zesilwane kunezinzwane ezine, ezigcina ngozipho olusicaba.
Lezi zinzipho zibukeka njengezinzipho zabantu kunezinzipho zezilwane. Imilenze yangemuva ithweswe umqhele ngezinzwane ezintathu kuphela, ezimbili zazo ziyefana nezemilenze yangaphambili, kanti uzwane olulodwa ngozipho olukhulu. Amathe wezidladla zesilwane awanaboya, kodwa ayaziwa ngesakhiwo esikhethekile semisipha esingaphakamisa intambo yonyawo.
Futhi ima damana njalo ikhiqiza into enamathelayo. Isakhiwo esikhethekile semisipha sihlangene nalolu hlobo sinikeza isilwane amandla okuhamba kalula emadwaleni amakhulu futhi sikhuphuke izihlahla ezide kakhulu.
UDaman Bruce nginamahloni kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu, unelukuluku lokwazi. Ilukuluku elenza ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile lezi zilwane zingene endaweni yokuhlala yabantu.UDaman - isilwane esincelisayookulula ukuthambisa futhi uzizwe umuhle ekuthunjweni.
Thenga idamana ongakwenza ezitolo ezikhethekile zezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngokubanzi, lezi zilwane zihlala e-Afrika naseNingizimu Asia. I-Ein Gedi Nature Reserve inika izivakashi zayo ithuba lokubuka ukuziphatha kwalezi zilwane endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Esithombeni udaman bruce
I-hyrax yentaba ukhetha i-semi-desert, i-savannah nezintaba impilo yonke. Enye yezinhlobonhlobo - izihlahla ezingama-hyrax zitholakala emahlathini futhi zichitha iningi lempilo yazo ezihlahleni, zigwema ukwehlela phansi.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwenhlobo, isilwane sinokuthandwa okuhlukile endaweni yempilo. Ngakho-ke, ama-hyraxes akwa-Israyeli athanda ukuhlala phakathi kwamatshe amaningi anqwabelana. Lezi zilwane ziphila impilo ehlangene, inani labantu eqenjini elilodwa lingafinyelela kuma-50.
AmaDamans agubha izimbobo noma angene emifantwini yamahhala emadwaleni. Bancamela ukuphuma bayofuna ukudla ekuseni nakusihlwa ukugwema ilanga elishisayo. Uhlangothi olubuthakathaka lwesilwane yi-thermoregulation. Izinga lokushisa komzimba womuntu omdala lingahluka kusuka kuma-24 kuye kuma-40 degrees Celsius.
Esithombeni kunendoda yasentabeni
Phakathi nobusuku obubandayo, ukuze ngandlela thile zifudumale, lezi zilwane ziyahlangana futhi zifudunyezane, ziye elangeni ekuseni. Lesi silwane singakhuphuka size sifike kumamitha ayi-5000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngokuya ngohlobo, isilwane sihola impilo yasemini noma yasebusuku.
Abanye abantu bavame ukuhlala bodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane futhi bavuke ebusuku, abanye balala ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, yize kungokwenhlobo ethile, wonke ama-hyrax asebenza kakhulu futhi akwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha, agxumele phezulu emadwaleni nasezihlahleni.
Yonke i-hyrax inokuzwa okuhle kakhulu nombono. Lapho ingozi isondela, isilwane sikhipha umsindo omkhulu, ukuzwa okufihlwa yibo bonke abanye abantu bendawo. Uma iqembu lama-hyrax lihlala endaweni ethile, lizohlala lapho isikhathi eside.
Ngemuva kokuzingelwa okuphumelelayo ngosuku olubalele, izilwane zingalala emadwaleni futhi zihlale elangeni isikhathi eside, kepha, kuphela uma abantu abathile bema ngemilenze yabo yangemuva ukubona umhlaseli kusengaphambili.
Ukuzingela kweHybrid - kuwumsebenzi olula impela, kepha uma usebenzisa izibhamu noma enye idivayisi eyenza umsindo omkhulu kule ndaba, umuntu oyedwa kuphela ozoba yisisulu. Bonke abanye bazofihla ngokushesha.
Ezilwaneni zasendle, i-hyrax inezitha eziningi, njengezimbila, izimpungushe, izingwe nezinye izilwane nezinyoni ezidla ezinye.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi isitha sisondela, futhi i-hyrax ayikwazi ukubaleka, kuthatha indawo yokuzivikela futhi ikhiphe iphunga elinamandla elingathandeki ngosizo lwe-dorsal gland. Ungasebenzisa amazinyo uma kudingeka. Ezindaweni lapho ama-hyrax colonies ahlala khona eduze kwabantu, inyama yabo imvamisa ingumkhiqizo ojwayelekile.
Ukudla
Imvamisa, ama-hyrax akhetha ukwanelisa indlala yawo ngokudla kwezitshalo. Kepha uma besendleleni kukhona isinambuzane esincane noma isibungu, ngeke babadelele futhi. Ezimweni ezehlukile, lapho ifuna ukudla, i-hyrax ingahamba amakhilomitha ayi-1-3 ukusuka koloni.
Njengomthetho, ama-hyrax awadingi amanzi. Ama-incisors wesilwane awathuthukisiwe ngokwanele, ngakho-ke asebenzisa izinso ngesikhathi sokudla. UDaman unesisu esinamagumbi amaningi nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngokuvamile, ukudla kuthathwa ekuseni nakusihlwa. Isisekelo sokudla kungaba hhayi kuphela izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo, kepha futhi nezimpande, izithelo nama-bulb. Lezi zilwane ezincane zidla kakhulu. Esikhathini esiningi lokhu akusho ukuthi kuyinkinga kubo, ngoba ama-hyrax ahlala ezindaweni ezinothe ngezitshalo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi azikho izinkathi zokuzalanisa kulezi zilwane, noma, okungenani, akukaziwa. Lokho wukuthi, izingane ziyavela unyaka wonke, kepha hhayi kaningi kunakuqala nabazali abathile. Insikazi izala inzalo cishe izinyanga eziyi-7-8, imvamisa kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-3 amawundlu azalwa.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, inani labo lingakhuphukela ku-6 - nazi izingono zomama ezingaki. Isidingo sokuncelisa ibele siyanyamalala kungakapheli amasonto amabili ebelethile, yize umama ondla isikhathi eside.
Amathole azalwa ethuthukile impela. Ziyakwazi ukubona ngokushesha futhi sezivele zimbozwe izinwele ezinyene, ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, baqala ngokuzimela badle ukudla kwezitshalo. Izingane zikwazi ukuzala zinonyaka owodwa nohhafu, kungaleso sikhathi lapho abesilisa beshiya khona ikoloni, bese abesifazane bahlala nemindeni yabo.
Isikhathi sokuphila siyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo. Isibonelo, ama-hyrax ase-Afrika aphila iminyaka eyi-6-7,cape hyrax ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwavela njalo ukuthi abesifazane baphila isikhathi eside kunabesilisa.
