Inyoka yomlomo enomlingiswa ohambisanayo
Shitomordnik - Izinhlobo zezinyoka ezivame kakhulu emndenini wonke wezinyoka. Igama libonisa isici esiyinhloko sokubukeka - izihlangu ezibonakalayo phezulu kwekhanda. Iyingozi futhi iyingozi ngokulingene.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-shitomordnik
Thola shitomordnik ejwayelekile njengesirhubuluzi esiyingozi emehlweni akhe: abafundi abancane abame mpo, bakhombisa ubuthi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Abafundi abayindilinga bakhombisa ukuthi ayikho ingozi enkulu, yize zonke izinyoka ziluma kabuhlungu.
Ubukhulu be-shitomordnik bumaphakathi: umzimba ufinyelela kuma-700 mm, umsila ungaphezudlwana kwe-100 mm. Izikali emigqeni engama-23 zibekwa emzimbeni wenyoka. Isimo senyoka isiyonke sibonakala sicwecwe kancane, ikakhulukazi uma sibhekwa ngaphezulu.
Ikhanda elibanzi linomugqa wentamo obonakalayo. Ingxenye engezansi yesifonyo iphakanyiswe kancane. Ngaphansi kwamehlo enyoka kukhona umgodi ngesimo sedimple encane, eyenza umsebenzi okhethekile wokubamba imisebe yokushisa.
Ungumzimba okhethekile ngokungafani nowejwayelekile. Umugqa omnyama, njengezinyoka, ugijima usuka emehlweni usuka phezulu uye ezansi uye emlonyeni. Ngenhla, umbala unombala onsundu noma onsundu, uphuke ngemivimbo ekhanyayo ye-zigzag, isisu sihlala sikhanya, siphuzi-mpunga ngamachashazi amancane amnyama.
Ngesinye isikhathi kunabantu abanombala oqinile, ocishe ube mnyama noma isitini. Indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo ezivamile, noma Umlomo kaPallas, njengoba lesi silwane sibizwa ngenye indlela, sibanzi ngokwanele: kusukela ogwini loLwandle iCaspian kuya endaweni yaseMpumalanga Ekude.
Kutholakala eMongolia, iPeninsula yaseKorea, eChina, eNyakatho ye-Iran. Ukwehlukahluka komhlaba akwesabisi i-shitomordnik: izingwadule namathafa, amadlelo aluhlaza namachibi, amadlelo kanye nogu lwemifula, amachibi nezintaba ze-Alps, - izifunda ezisezingeni eliphakeme elingafika kumamitha angama-3500 ngaphezu kolwandle. I-Russia inesibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke inyoka yenyoka etholakala esifundeni saseLower Volga nasePrimorsky Krai.
Ngokuya ngezindawo zokuhlala kunezinhlobonhlobo:
- Ussuri viper noma inyoka yasolwandlekuvamile eMpumalanga Ekude;
- stony moutonukuhlala ethafeni nasogwini lwamatshe emizimba yamanzi;
- inyoka yamanzi noma umuntu odla izinhlanzi ohlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States;
- isifonyo esinekhanda lethusi, igama lesibili yi-mocassin, uhlala ezindaweni ezisempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika.
Kunezinhlobo ezithile, ezifanayo morphologically. Zonke izihlobo zifana kakhulu. Ubuthi bezinyoka eziyizinyoka abubulali kubantu, kepha ukuqapha kufanele kusetshenziswe lapho uhlangana nazo.Ukulunywa ngumlomo kubuhlungu kakhulu, kubangele ukopha kakhulu kwezitho zangaphakathi nasendaweni yokulunywa.
Ama-Neurotoxin nawo athinta izinhlelo zezinzwa nezokuphefumula. Ubuthi buyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu ababuthakathaka, izingane noma izilwane. Ngomphumela ophumelelayo, isimo ngemuva kokulunywa siyathuthuka ngemuva kwesonto kuze kube yilapho selulama.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila ye-shitomordnik
Izinyoka azibonisi ubudlova, ngaphandle kwalapho kungekho ndlela yokuhlehla. Imihlangano ejwayelekile iba khona nabavakashi ababa nebhadi abathi, ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile, bangakhombisi ukuqaphela nokunaka indawo yokuphromotha futhi banganyathela kalula inyoka. Uma inyoka ikulungele ukuhlasela, khona-ke ichopho lomsila wayo liyanyakaza.
Ezilwaneni zasendle, izinyoka uqobo zinomuntu omesabayo. Kukhona ukuhlaselwa okuvamile kwezinyoni ezidla inyama: i-kite, i-harrier, isikhova, i-hawk hawk, i-jay, ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe, ngisho negwababa, futhi ngaphandle kwabo, ama-badgers, izinja ze-raccoon ne-harza abazesabi izinyoka.
Inyoka inyoka iyisibiliboco se-Eastern cuisine, ngakho ukuzizingela kwenza umuntu abe yisitha esikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziswa ubuthi bezinyoka nenyama eyomisiwe ekhemisi.
Ukusebenza kwamabhu kuncike endaweni yokuhlala, kepha kaningi kubonakala entwasahlobo nasekwindla emini, nasehlobo - kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba nasenyakatho yendawo yokuhlala, imisebenzi yasemini iyanqoba, ezindaweni eziseningizimu - ebusuku.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva kokushiya ubusika, inkathi yokukhwelana iqala kuze kufike ukuwa, kanye nokuhlala okuhambisana nenkathi efudumele ezindaweni eziyizintandokazi: phakathi kwamatshe, kuya phansi kwemithambeka, imifantu phakathi kwamatshe, imifantu emaweni asogwini.
Thatha ikhava inyoka yenyoka ikani emigodini yamagundane, phakathi kwemithambeka yamatshe, izimila ezinamaxhaphozi, izihlahlana eziminyene. I-snakehead evamile ingatholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala ezilahliwe, amanxiwa ezindlu ezindala nasemathuneni. Ukufaka ilanga kuyinto ejwayelekile emini ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukubhukuda emzimbeni wamanzi nakho kudonsela izinyoka.
Ukuthungathwa kwezinyamazane kuqala ntambama. Izinyoka kaningi akudingeki zibhekane nezisulu. Ukulunywa okungazelelwe kwanele, bese isilwane sizama ukubaleka, kepha ubuthi buyasebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyoka imane ithole isidlo sayo sakusihlwa ngenxa yekhono layo lokuthwebula imisebe yokushisa.
I-thermosensitive fossa ekhanda iphakamisa indlela eya kulowo ohlukunyezwayo. Izinyoka ze-Viper ziqala ukulungiselela ubusika ngo-Okthoba. Ukuqoqwa okuhlangene kwezinhlobo zasebusika kufinyelela kubantu abangama-20. I-Hibernation ihlala kuze kufike intwasahlobo yesimo sezulu eyi-18-20 ° C.
Ukudla okunomsoco we-Shitomordnik
Zonke izilwane ezinganqotshwa futhi ziginywe yisirhubuluzi zifakiwe ekudleni kwe-shitomordnikov. Ubukhulu besisulu buxhomeke kubukhulu benyoka uqobo kanye nesifunda esihlala kuso. Okubizwa ngokuthi yi-plasticity yemvelo kuyabavumela ukuthi basabalale kabanzi futhi baphile ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba.
I-shitomordnik ngayinye inendawo yayo yokuzingela, lapho engayi khona. Isisulu sibonwa ukushisa, kulandele ukuhlaselwa okungazelelwe nokushesha nokuluma.
Ubuthi beShieldmouth kuyabulala ezilwaneni, ngakho-ke kuhlala kudla inyamazane. Ezimweni eziningi, amagundane aba yisisekelo sokudla. Endaweni ye-steppe, inani lezinyoka lihlobene ngqo namakholoni we-vole, ngakho-ke alishiyi izindawo zabo zokuhlala ngenxa yokunamathiselwe kokudla.
Ngaphezu kwamagundane asensimini, ama-shrews, izinyoni ezidla phansi emhlabathini zivame ukuba ukudla kwezinyoka. Amaqanda esidlekeni namachwane achanyuselwa aba yisibiliboco. Kukhona njalo amaxoxo wexoxo, izibankwa, amasele, ngisho nezinhlanzi ze-shitomordnikov ezihlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi.
Ukondla izihlobo ezincane kuvamile. Izinyoka ezisencane zidla izinambuzane. Ofezela, izicabucabu, amacimbi atholakala esiswini. Indawo yokuzingela icishe ibe ngu-100-150 m ububanzi.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwempilo ye-shitomordnik
Ngemuva kwenkathi yokukhwelana, kufika isikhathi sokubonakala kwenzalo yenyoka. Izinyoka ze-Viper, kufaka phakathi izinyoka, ziyi-viviparous. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zivela emasakeni aguquguqukayo.
Izindonga ezincane azivimbeli i-shitomordnikov encane ukungena emhlabeni. Inzalo eyodwa iqukethe izingane ezi-2 kuya kwezi-14. Amawundlu aphilayo awuphinda ngokuphelele umbala wabazali bawo. Usayizi wabo lapho ezalwa u-15-20 cm, kanti isisindo sawo singu-5-7 g.
Ekuqaleni, amawundlu adla izinambuzane nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, kamuva ashintshela ekudleni okuvamile. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka ngemuva kobusika besibili noma besithathu, lapho ubude bomzimba bufinyelela cishe kuma-40 cm.
Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganisweni sisuka eminyakeni eyi-9 kuye kwengu-15; ekuthunjweni, isikhathi singakhula. Ukuxhumana komuntu nge-shitomordnik kungaphepha uma ungazenzeli izinyoni izimo zokuphelelwa yithemba.
Uzohlala anikezele futhi yena uqobo uzogwema umhlangano ongadingekile uma engathathwanga. Emvelweni ophilayo, umuntu udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi lapha usezindaweni zezilwane futhi azibonakalise ngokuzibamba nangokuhlonipha.
