Inyosi yombazi ejwayelekile - ingeyomndeni wakwa-Apidae, emele uhlobo lwezinyosi ezizimele zodwa. Lezi zinhlobo zikhulu kakhulu - ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela ku-3 cm.
Ngomlomo incazelo umbazi wezinyosi kufana nempukane enkulu enoboya kunenyosi ngomqondo ojwayelekile. Vuliwe izithombe zenyosi yombazi ungaqaphela inyosi emnyama namaphiko iridescent nge blue-violet bezinto.
Ngenxa yokubonakala okuvelele kangaka phakathi kwabantu, lezi zinhlobo kwesinye isikhathi zihlukaniswa zibe nsomi futhi inyosi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yize kukhulu, ngaphandle kuhluka kuphela ngemibala ekhona embala wamaphiko.
Ososayensi bakhomba izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500 zezinyosi ezibazi, bazihlanganisa zibe yi-31 subgenus. Izinyosi zathola igama lazo ngokwakha izindawo zokuhlala zesoya ngokhuni olufile, zadla izidleke ezijulile ezinamazinga amaningi, ezinenqwaba yamaseli, lapho kuzovela khona isibungu.
Esithombeni kunesidleke sezinyosi esingumbazi
Lapho iququda emhubheni, inyosi yombazi yenza imisindo ephezulu kakhulu, efana nokusebenza kwesibhobo samazinyo. Imisindo enjalo ingezwakala ngamamitha amaningana ukusuka lapho kwenziwa khona umsebenzi omkhulu wezinyosi.
Inyosi yenza umnyango wendlu uzungeze ngokuphelele; ingahle ididaniswe nomgodi oboshwe ngokukhethekile nge-drill. Inyosi izakhela isidleke esisodwa hhayi yona kuphela, kodwa futhi nezingane zayo - ngakho-ke izizukulwane eziningana zezinyosi ezingumbazi zingahlala esidlekeni esisodwa amashumi eminyaka ziphinde zibuyisane.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo izinyosi zombazi
Izinyosi zombazi zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, hhayi ngaphansi kwezinguquko ezingazelelwe zokushisa. Bakha izindlu zabo ikakhulukazi emaqeleni nasemathafeni asemahlathini, emaphethelweni amahlathi ahlabayo noma ezintabeni.
Inyosi yombazi iqoqa umpe
Ngokwendawo, lolu hlobo lwezinyosi luhlala eMaphakathi naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, eCaucasus. ERussia, zitholakala eKrasnodar naseStavropol Territories, esifundeni iVolga, esifundeni iCentral Black Earth nakwezinye izindawo ezinezimo zezulu ezifanayo.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yenyosi yombazi
Izinyosi ezingababazi aziqoqeki ezixukwini noma emindenini emincane, zikhetha ukuhlala ngokuhlukana nezinye izinhlobo zazo. Ngenxa yokuthi izinkuni ezifile ziyindawo eyintandokazi yokwakha izidleke zalezi zinambuzane, zivame ukutholakala ezindlini zasehlobo ezindlini zokhuni, ezicijile, ezigxotsheni ze-telegraph nakwezinye izakhiwo.
Lapho ukhetha indawo yokuhlala, ukusondela nokutholakala kalula kokudla akudlali indima enkulu, ngoba izinyosi ezingumbazi zingandiza amabanga amade nje zifuna umpe.
Iminyaka yabantu abadala, futhi, ngokufanele, umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu wezinyosi zombazi uwela esikhathini kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, kwesinye isikhathi kuya ku-Okthoba, ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezivumayo.
Ukondla izinyosi zombazi
Ukudla kwezinyosi ezibazi akuhlukile nakancane kokudla kwezinyosi ezijwayelekile. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwabo yimpova yezitshalo. Imithombo yamandla, amandla kanye ne-carbohydrate yezinyosi ezindala ziju noma umpe.
Ukuqoqa impova, izinyosi ziyaminza ngamathe azo bese ziyinciphisa ngompe, egcinwe kukhasi lwazo lwezinyosi, ukuze impova ingabhidliki phakathi nezindiza ezinde.
Amagciwane aqukethwe amathe ezinyosi ngokushesha aqala inqubo yokuvutshelwa, eguqula impova ibe yisinkwa sezinyosi (noma isinkwa sezinyosi), esidliwa ngabantu abadala nalabo abasanda kuzalwa. Izindlala ezikhethekile zezinyosi ezincane ziguqula isinkwa sezinyosi sibe yi-jelly yasebukhosini enothe ngamaprotheni, enikezwa izibungu.
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo yombazi wezinyosi
Okucacile ngokukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinyosi zombazi ukuthi owesifazane ngamunye uzakhela indlu yakhe kanye nenzalo yakhe. Ngokugqobhoza umhubhe, insikazi iletha impova exutshwe nompe ezansi kwegatsha bese izalela iqanda kule nqwaba yezakhi.
Yizo lezi ziqiwi lapho isibungu sizondla ngaso sonke isikhathi size sidlulele esigabeni sezinyosi esikhulile. Bese kuthi ngenhla kweqanda, inyosi engumama idale ukwahlukaniswa komhlabathi we-sawdust nezinye izinhlayiya ezincane ezinamathele ndawonye ngamathe enyosi.
Ngemuva kwalokho, iseli liyavalwa, futhi umama akaphinde abheke ngaphakathi kulo. Ngokwehlukaniswa, insikazi iphinde ilethe futhi igcine ukudla bese ibeka iqanda. Ngakho-ke, iseli ngeseli, uthola okuthile okufana nendlu enezitezi eziningi zezinyosi ezizayo. Kuze kube phakathi nasekwindla, inyosi iyaqhubeka nokuphila futhi ivikele indawo yayo yokwakha izidleke, kodwa ebusika iyafa.
Izibungu zidlulela esigabeni se-pupal ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, bese kuthi izinyosi ezincane zivele ku-pupae. Ebusika bonke, ngamunye uhlala ezivalele esitokisini sakhe, kepha ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, sebekhulile futhi belungele ukwakha izidleke zabo, bahlafuna indlela yabo mahhala futhi basakazeke befuna ukuqhakaza izimbali.
Ngenxa ye- izinyosi zombazi bavame ukukhetha izakhiwo zabantu njengendawo yabo yokuhlala, bese kuthi kungekudala noma kamuva, enendawo enjalo, kuphakame umbuzo wokuthi Ingoziukuthi lesi sinambuzane singakwazi ukuzithwala ngokwaso.
Udosi lwezinyosi hhayi okungathandeki nje kuphela, kuthwala ingozi yangempela nosongo empilweni nasempilweni yomuntu. Iluma inyosi yombazi ujova ushevu enxebeni, lapho kuvela khona ukuvuvukala okukhulu kakhulu futhi okubuhlungu ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo shevu ukhombisa umphumela odabukisayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa, yingakho umphumela ohlangothini oluvamile uvame ukwethuka. Ukulunywa komphimbo kuyabulala.
Awukwazi nje ukubhubhisa omakhelwane abangaba yingozi unyaka nonyaka - Izinyosi ezingumbazi zifakwe ohlwini lweRed Book, futhi inani labo labantu livikelwe. Kodwa-ke, ukubabekezelela kusayithi lakho, ngethemba nje ukuthi konke kuzolunga, akuyona indlela engcono yokuphuma. Ngakho-ke kanjani ukuqeda izinyosi zombazi ekhaya lakho?
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphuma kulesi simo kungaba ukubakhipha kusayithi ngosizo lomsindo omkhulu. Izinyosi zizwela kakhulu ekudlidlizeleni izinhlobo ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, uma uvula umculo onomsindo onamabhasi asezingeni eliphakeme eduze kwendlu abahlala kuyo, izinyosi zizoshiya ikhaya lazo zodwa. ububi bale ndlela kungaba omakhelwane abakhononda ngomsindo.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka kudelwe isizukulwane esisodwa sezinyosi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azibuyeli emigodini yazo yakudala futhi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukugcwalisa ukuhamba kwabo ngesihlanzisi se-aerosol carburetor noma uphethiloli. Ungakhohlwa ngokuqapha lapho usebenza nalezi ziphuzo - zinakekele ukuphepha kwakho.
