Amakamela yimidondoshiya enama-hump amabili
Umdondoshiya onamabhamu amabili womndeni wonke wamakamela unekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuphila ezimweni ezilimaza ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo.
Ukuthembeka nokuzuza kwabantu kwenziwe ikamela kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umngane ohlala njalo wezakhamizi zase-Asia, iMongolia, iBuryatia, iChina nezinye izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esomile.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala yekamela le-bactrian
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko amakamela anciphise kabili. Amagama inani elincane lamakamela asendle eMongolia yomdabu yi-haptagai, kanti amakamela asekhaya ajwayelekile angamaBactrian.
Abamele i-Wild babhalwe kuRed Book ngenxa yosongo lokuqothulwa kwamakhulu abantu okugcina. Umcwaningi odumile uN. U-Przhevalsky.
Amakamela asekhaya aboniswe emanxiweni asendulo ezigodlo ezaqala ngekhulu lesi-4. BC. Inani lamaBactria lidlula abantu abayizigidi ezimbili.
Kuze kube namuhla ikamela - ukuthuthwa okungenakubuyiselwa kwabantu ezimweni zasogwadule, inyama yabo, uboya, ubisi, ngisho nomquba sekuyisikhathi eside kusetshenziswa njengophethiloli omuhle kakhulu.
Ukuzalela amaBactria imvamisa kubahlali bezindawo ezinamadwala, eziwugwadule ezinemithombo yamanzi elinganiselwe, izindawo ezinamagquma ezinezimila ezingatheni. Lapho uvame ukuthola khona ikamela elidonsa ngamakamela.
Izikhukhula zemvula ezincane noma amabhange emifula aheha amakamela asendle ezindaweni zokuchelela ukuze agcwalise imizimba yawo. Ebusika, benza ngeqhwa.
IHaptagai ihamba amabanga amade ize ifike ku-90 km ngosuku ifuna ukudla futhi ikakhulukazi imithombo yamanzi.
Ubukhulu bezidlakela zesilisa ezincishisiwe zihlaba umxhwele: kufika ku-2.7 m ukuphakama nesisindo esifinyelela ku-1000 kg. Abesifazane bancane kancane: isisindo esifinyelela ku-500-800 kg. Umsila ungamamitha ayi-0.5 ubude nentshakaza.
Ama-humps aqondile akhombisa ukusutha kwesilwane. Esimweni sokulamba, ziyagingqika kancane.
Imilenze iyashintshwa ukuze ihambe endaweni evulekile noma emithambekeni enamadwala, inezinyawo ezihlukanisiwe emgodini omkhulu wommbila.
Phambili umumo ofana nozipho noma onjengezinselo. Izindawo ezingabizi zimboza amadolo nesifuba sangaphambili sesilwane. Abekho kubantu abasendle, futhi ukwakheka komzimba wakhe kuncike kakhulu.
Ikhanda elikhulu liyasuswa entanyeni egobile. Amehlo achazayo ambozwe imigqa ephindwe kabili yezinkophe. Ezivunguvungwini zesihlabathi, awavaleki amehlo kuphela, kodwa namakhala afana nesikhala.
Udebe oluqinile olungaphezulu, isici sabamele amakamela, luhlukaniswe kabili, olwenzelwe ukudla okweqile. Izindlebe zincane, zicishe zingabonakali ukude.
Izwi lifana nokukhala kwembongolo, hhayi okumnandi kakhulu kumuntu. Isilwane sihlala sibhonga njalo lapho sikhuphuka noma siwa ngomthwalo olayishiwe.
Umbala wejazi eliminyene lemibala ehlukene: kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokumnyama onsundu. Uboya bufana nobamabhele asezindaweni ezibandayo noma izinyamazane.
Izinwele azinalutho ngaphakathi futhi ingubo yangaphansi eluhlaza iyasiza ukuvikela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu naphansi.
I-Molting yenzeka entwasahlobo, futhi amakamela "Go mpandla" kusuka ekulahlekelweni izinwele ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, ijazi elisha loboya liyakhula, eliba lide kakhulu ebusika, lisuke ku-7 kuye ku-30 cm.
Ukuqoqwa kwamafutha ku-humps afinyelela ku-150 kg akukhona nje kuphela ukutholakala kokudla, kepha futhi kuvikela ekushiseni ngokweqile, ngoba imisebe yelanga ikakhulu ithinta ngemuva kwesilwane.
AmaBactrian aguqulelwa ehlobo elishisa kakhulu nasebusika obukhulu. Isidingo esikhulu sokuphila kwabo yisimo sezulu esomile, abakubekezeleli kahle ukuswakama.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yekamela le-bactrian
Emvelweni wasendle amakamela zivame ukuhlala, kepha zihlala zihamba ezindaweni eziwugwadule, amathafa anamadwala nezintaba ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezinkulu ezimakiwe.
IHaptagai isuka komunye umthombo wamanzi onqabile iye komunye ukugcwalisa iziqiwi zokuphila.
Imvamisa abantu aba-5-20 bahlala ndawonye. Umholi womhlambi owesilisa oyinhloko. Umsebenzi uzibonakalisa emini, kuthi ebumnyameni, ikamela lilale noma liziphathe ngokuvilapha nangokunganaki.
Esikhathini sesiphepho, silala izinsuku, lapho kushisa bahamba bephikisana nomoya ukuze bafudumale noma bacashe emihosheni nasezihlahleni.
Abantu basendle banamahloni futhi banolaka, ngokungafani namaBactrian anobugwala, kepha azolile. IHaptagai inamehlo abukhali, lapho kuvela ingozi, iyabaleka, ithuthukise isivinini esifinyelela ku-60 km / h.
Zingagijima izinsuku ezingama-2-3 zize zikhathale ngokuphelele. Amakamela aseBactrian asekhaya kubonwa njengezitha futhi besaba ngokulingana nezimpisi, amahlosi. Intuthu yomlilo iyabethusa.
Abaphenyi baphawula ukuthi ubukhulu namandla emvelo kazisindisi izigebenga ngenxa yengqondo yazo encane.
Lapho impisi ihlasela, abacabangi ngisho nokuzivikela, bamemeza kuphela futhi bakhafula. Ngisho namagwababa angakhotha amanxeba ezilwane nezikhafu ezisuka emithwalweni esindayo, ikamela ikhombisa ukungavikeleki kwayo.
Esimweni sokucasuka, ukukhafula akukhona ukukhipha amathe, njengoba abaningi bekholelwa, kepha okuqukethwe okunqwabelene esiswini.
Impilo yezilwane ezifuywayo ingaphansi komuntu. Endabeni yokuba nobudlova, bahola isithombe sokhokho babo. Abesilisa abadala abavuthiwe ngokocansi bangahlala bodwa.
Ngesikhathi sasebusika amakamela kunzima kakhulu kunezinye izilwane ukuhamba eqhweni Futhi azikwazi ukumba ukudla ngaphansi kweqhwa ngenxa yokushoda kwezinselo zeqiniso.
Kukhona umkhuba wokwalusa ebusika, kuqala amahhashi, ukuvusa ikhava yeqhwa, bese-ke amakamelangiphakamisa okuphakelayo okusele.
Ukudla kwekamela lakwaBactrian
Ukudla okumuncu futhi okungenamsoco kwenza isisekelo sokudla kwemidondoshiya enama-humped amabili. Amakamela adlayo adla izitshalo ngameva zonke ezinye izilwane ezizokwenqaba.
Izinhlobo eziningi zezimila zasogwadule zifakiwe endaweni yokudla: amahlumela omhlanga, amaqabunga kanye namagatsha eqabunga eliluhlaza, u-anyanisi notshani obubi.
Bangadla izinsalela zamathambo ezilwane nezikhumba, ngisho nezinto ezenziwe ngazo, lapho kungekho okunye ukudla.
Uma izitshalo ekudleni zinamanzi, isilwane singenza ngaphandle kwamanzi kuze kube amasonto amathathu. Uma umthombo utholakala, baphuza ngokwesilinganiso kanye ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4.
Abantu basendle baze badle namanzi abilayo ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yabo. Imindeni iyakugwema, kepha idinga usawoti.
Ngemuva kokuphelelwa amandla kakhulu kwamanzi ngesikhathi ikamela le-bactrian ingaphuza kuze kufike kumalitha ayi-100 ketshezi.
Imvelo inike amandla amakamela amandla okubekezelela ukuzila ukudla isikhathi eside. Ukushoda kokudla akulimazi isimo somzimba.
Ukondla ngokweqile kuholela ekukhuluphaleni nasekungasebenzi kahle komzimba. Ekudleni kwasendlini, amakamela awakhethi, adla utshani, imvuthuluka yesinkwa, nezinhlamvu.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila sekamela le-bactrian
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi amakamela kwenzeka cishe iminyaka engu-3-4. Abesifazane bangaphambi kwabesilisa entuthukweni. Ekwindla, isikhathi somshado siqala.
Ubudlova bubonakala ngokubhonga, ukuphonsa, ukukhihliza amagwebu nokuhlasela njalo kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ukugwema ingozi, amakamela asekhaya afuywayo aboshwa amakwe ngamabhandeshi exwayiso noma ahlukaniswe namanye.
Abesilisa bayalwa, bashaye isitha futhi balume. Emncintiswaneni, bayalimaza futhi bangafa empini enjalo uma abelusi bengangeneleli bavikele ababuthaka.
Amakamela we-Wild Bactrian ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, baba nesibindi futhi balwele ukuthatha abesifazane basekhaya, kuthi abesilisa, babulawe.
Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuthatha izinyanga ezingama-13, izinyane elinesisindo esifinyelela ku-45 kg lizalwa entwasahlobo, amawele ayivelakancane.
Ingane ilandela umama wayo yedwa emahoreni amabili. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuhlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1.5.
Ukunakekela inzalo kubonakala ngokusobala futhi kuhlala kuze kube sekuvuthweni. Bese kuthi abesilisa bahambe bayokwakha ama-harem abo, kuthi abesifazane bahlale emhlambini kanina.
Ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo nobukhulu, zijwayela ukuwela izinhlobo ezahlukene: nzalo yamakamela ashubile owodwa futhi ancibilikile - IBIRTUGAN (owesilisa) noMAYA (owesifazane). Ngenxa yalokhu, imvelo ishiye i-hump eyodwa, kepha yelulwa phezu kwawo wonke umqolo wesilwane.
Isikhathi sokuphila amakamela ama-bactrian emvelweni cishe uneminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izilwane ezifuywayo zingakhuphula impilo yazo ngeminyaka emi-5-7.
