Umndeni wakwaHornbill, ngenye indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-kalao, ingeka-oda we-Raksha-like. Its igama le-hornbill bafanelwe ukukhula okukhulu ngomlomo, okufana nophondo.
Kodwa-ke, uzomangala ukuthola ukuthi akubona bonke abamele lo mndeni abanokukhula okunjalo. Ngokuya ngemininingwane etholwe ngo-1991, kunezigaba eziyi-14 zalezi zinyoni nezinhlobo ezingama-47 ezihlukene.
Ukwenza usesho izithombe zama-hornbill ungadideka ngempela, ngoba onke ahluke kakhulu, futhi phela, ezinye zazo nazo azinazimpondo! Incazelo emfushane yohlobo ngalunye lwalezi zinyoni izokusiza ukuthi uthole ngokushesha futhi uqonde isithombe salokho i-kalao odinga ukuyithola.
Okufanekisiwe inyoni yobhejane we-kalao
- UGenus Tockus. Iqukethe izinhlobo eziyi-15. Isisindo esifinyelela ku-400g; izimpaphe zokundiza zincishisiwe zibheke emaphethelweni; isigqoko esincane noma cha.
- UGenus Tropicranus. Uhlobo olulodwa. Isisindo esifinyelela ku-500g; isidumbu esimhlophe esiyindilinga esimhlophe; izimpaphe zokundiza azincishisiwe.
- UGenus Berenicornis. Isisindo esifinyelela ku-1.7 kg; ukukhula okuncane kwe-horny; umsila omhlophe omude; owesilisa unamahlathi amhlophe nomzimba ongezansi, kanti owesifazane unomnyama.
- UGenus Ptilolaemus. Isisindo esimaphakathi somuntu omdala siyi-900g; ukukhula kuyabizwa, kepha akukuhle; izindawo zesikhumba esingenalutho ezizungeze amehlo zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- UGenus Anorrhinus. 900g; isigqoko esimnyama; isikhumba esizungeze amehlo nesilevu asivelile, sinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- UGenus Penelopides. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezingafundiswanga kahle. 500g; isikhumba esilevini futhi eduze kwamehlo asinalutho, simhlophe noma siphuzi; isigqoko sokuzivikela sichazwa kahle; amafolda we-groove ahamba phambili ayabonakala kumthethosivivinywa.
- UGenus Aceros. 2.5 kg; ukuphuma akukhule kahle, kubukeka njenge-hump encane; ebusweni, isikhumba esingenalutho siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi emphinjeni sibomvu; umsila umnyama nomhlophe.
- UGenus Rhyticeros. Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa. 1.5 kuya ku-2,5 kg; Isilevu nomphimbo kuyize, kukhanya kakhulu; ukukhula kukhulu futhi kuphezulu.
- Uhlobo lwe-Anthracoceros. Izinhlobo ezinhlanu. Kuze kufike ku-1 kg; isigqoko sokuzivikela sikhulu, bushelelezi; umphimbo awunalutho, izinhlangothi zekhanda zinqunu ngokuqhathaniswa; umsila ophezulu umnyama.
- UGenus Bycanistes. 0.5 kuya ku-1.5 kg; Isigqoko sokuzivikela sikhulu, siyabizwa; umhlane ongezansi nomsila ongaphezulu kumhlophe.
- Uhlobo Ceratogymna. Izinhlobo ezimbili. 1.5 kuya ku-2 kg; ukukhula kukhulu; umphimbo nezinhlangothi zekhanda zinqunu, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; umsila uyindilinga, awude.
- UGenus Buceros. Izinhlobo ezintathu. 2 kuya ku-3 kg; isigqoko sokuzivikela esikhulu esigobeke ngaphambili; umphimbo nezihlathi kuvulekile; umsila umhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi unomugqa omnyama oguqukayo.
- Uhlobo lweRhinoplax. Ngaphezu kuka-3 kg; ukukhula okukhulu okukhulu okubomvu; intamo inqunu, ibomvu ngokugqamile emadodeni, i-bluish-violet kwabesifazane; ipheya lezimpaphe eziphakathi nomsila lide kakhulu kunezinye izimpaphe zomsila.
- UGenus Bucorvus. 3 kuya ku-6 kg; umbala umnyama, kodwa izimpaphe eziyinhloko zokundiza zimhlophe; ikhanda nomphimbo kucishe kube nqunu ngokuphelele, kubomvu noma kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwesinye isikhathi le mibala itholakala ndawonye; iminwe yangaphandle isikiwe eceleni kwe-phalanx. Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa neqiniso lokuthi alubeki isitini emnyango womgodi.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ama-Hornbill yizinyoni ezihlala phansi. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophakeme, ubukhona bamahlathi aminyene, ngoba zihlala emigodini yemvelo futhi zichitha impilo yazo yonke esihlahleni.
Zimbili kuphela izinhlobo zamagwababa anezimpondo (uhlobo lweBucorvus) ezikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinezihlahlana ezingavamile, zakha izidleke ezigodini ezingenalutho noma emigodini yama-baobabs. Indawo yokuhlala yeKalao inqunyelwe emahlathini asenkabazwe, amathafa ase-Afrika kanye nendawo eshisayo e-Asia.
E-Afrika, ama-hornbill awatholakali enyakatho yeSahara, ehlela eningizimu eKapa. E-Asia, lezi zinyoni zazingena ezindaweni zaseNdiya, eBurma, eThailand, kanye naseziqhingini zolwandle iPacific nolwandle lwaseNdiya. E-Australia naseMadagascar, lezi zinyoni azisekho.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ukuhlala emahlathini aminyene futhi amade izinyoni ezishisayo khetha izindawo eziyimfihlo kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zinomsindo. Kepha omunye wabamele abakhulu bama-hornbill - i-Kafr horned raven - kunalokho, uncamela ukuhlala endaweni eyihlane.
Cishe yonke impilo yakhe uhamba phansi, ukhetha ukungandizi futhi angabangi msindo ngamaphiko akhe, ngoba uyisilwane esidla inyama futhi ukutholakala kokudla kuxhomeke ekutheni uthule kanjani akwazi ukusondela kulowo ohlukunyeziwe.
Esithombeni kunamagwababa anezimpondo ze-kaffir
Izinhlobo ezincane ze-kalao zikhetha ukuhlala emihlambini, kepha ezinkulu zihlala zodwa futhi zihamba ikakhulu emindenini (ngababili). Ama-Hornbill awakwazi ukuzakhela izidleke zawo ngokwawo, ngakho-ke kufanele akhethe imigodi yemvelo yobukhulu obufanele. Emhlabeni wezinyoni, obhejane zinobungane komunye nomunye, izinyoni ezingenalo ulaka.
Ukusizana kanye nokusizwa komakhelwane akuhambisani nalezi zidalwa: ungabona kaningi ukuthi owesifazane obiyelwe esidlekeni ondliwa kanjani hhayi yindoda yakhe kuphela, kodwa futhi nangumsizi wesilisa oyedwa noma ababili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswa ngokuthembeka kwazo - iKalao endala yakha umbhangqwana owodwa. Ngisho nezinhlobo ezihlala ezikoleni zivame ukuhlangana unyaka wonke.
Ama-Hornbill ahlukaniswa ukuhlanzeka kwawo. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, izinsikazi zezinyoni zobhejane zibiyelwe ngodonga, kepha, nokho, eziningi zazo zithola indlela yokuzikhulula ngaphandle kwesidleke, noma zilahle ingxenye engcolile kadoti esidlekeni.
Ukudla
Ukudla okunomsoco kwama-hornbill kuncike kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zenyoni ethile ethathiwe, noma kunalokho ngosayizi walezi zinhlobo. Ama-kalao amancane ikakhulukazi ama-carnivores - adla izinambuzane ezithathiwe nezibankwa ezincane. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu abakhulu bancamela ukudla izithelo ezintsha ezinamanzi, ngisho noqhwaku lwabo lunomumo ohlangene ngokwengeziwe ukuze kube lula ukuphakelwa okunjalo.
Ngokwemvelo, kukhona kokubili i-kalao edla izithelo kuphela futhi edla izithelo kuphela, nezinyoni ezinokudla okuhlobene. Ngokwesibonelo, indian hornbill idla izithelo, izinambuzane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane ngisho nezinhlanzi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhwelana, owesilisa ukhetha ngokuzimela indlu yomndeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo, ngemuva kwalokho umema owesifazane lapho futhi alindele ukwamukelwa kwakhe. Uma ijabule ngendawo yesidleke esizayo, ukukhwelana kwenzeka eduze kwakhe. Ngemuva kokuthi insikazi izalele amaqanda, eyeduna yazungeza umgodi ngobumba, ishiya imbobo encane yokungenisa umoya nokondla.
Esithombeni inyoni yobhejane waseNdiya
Owesilisa uhlinzeka insikazi ngokudla sonke isikhathi sokufukamela nangamasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa kwamachwane. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi esemgodini ishintsha ngokuphelele izimpaphe zayo. Ngenkathi ye-molting, ilahle phansi zonke izimpaphe zayo, insikazi ilahlekelwa ikhono lokundiza futhi ingakwazi ukuzivikela ngokuphelele.
Kulokhu, udonga olwakhiwe owesilisa wakhe lungcono kakhulu, futhi ukuphela, ukuvikeleka kwakhe nenzalo yabo ezilwaneni ezingaphandle. Futhi maqondana nalokhu, amaCrorn Horned nawo azihlukanisa, angavusi abesifazane bawo. Izinsikazi zalezi zinyoni ziyakwazi ukushiya isidleke zodwa ukuze zizingele futhi zizinakekele.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu azibeki amaqanda angaphezu kwamabili ngasikhathi, kanti amancane akwazi ukudala ibamba lamaqanda afinyelela kwayisishiyagalombili. Achamisela iqanda elilodwa ngesikhathi, ngakho amaphuphu aqandusela hhayi ngokushesha, kodwa ngokulandelana. Imininingwane yokuphila kwesikhathi seKalao yehluka kakhulu. Ngokusobala, lokhu futhi kuya ngendawo yokuhlala nohlobo lomuntu ngamunye. Imithombo eminingi isho ukuthi umjikelezo wokuphila kwama-hornbill uhlala iminyaka eyi-12 kuye kwengama-20.
