Izimpungushe ezindizayo - izidalwa ezingavamile futhi eziyimfihlakalo. Bangamaqhawe ajwayelekile ezinganekwane ezimnyama nezinsumansumane, futhi sebenqwabelene le nkazimulo amakhulu eminyaka.
Abantu baseScotland bakholelwa ukuthi lapho izimpungushe ezindizayo zisuka kakhulu, kwakuyihora labathakathi. E-Oskfordshire, bekukholelwa ukuthi ilulwane elindiza kathathu lizungeze indlu kwakungumemezeli wokufa. Kepha empeleni, ziyizinto ezibalulekile zemvelo yomhlaba, futhi eziningi zazo zibukeka zizinhle impela.
Izinhlobo nezindawo zokuhlala izimpungushe ezindizayo
Impungushe endizayo, noma inja endizayo, ingeye-oda lamalulwane, umndeni welulwane wezithelo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zezimpungushe ezindizayo, futhi okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwazo namalulwane.
Ngaphandle, ubuso bezimpungushe ezindizayo bufana nempungushe, noma inja, yingakho igama lohlobo lolo. Amalulwane, ngokungafani namagundane, awanayo i- "radar" edumile engabasiza ukuthi bazulazule emkhathini.
Yizinhlobo ezithile zezimpungushe kuphela, ezihlala ikakhulukazi emihumeni, ezinokufana komsindo we-echo - zichofoza ulimi lwazo lapho zindiza, umsindo uphuma emakhoneni omlomo wazo ovuleke njalo.
Kwezinye izimo, amalulwane ezithelo aqondiswa iphunga, ukubona, futhi mhlawumbe nokuthinta. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ku indian flying fox Amehlo amakhulu wokuzwakalisa, futhi yize endiza ikakhulukazi ebusuku, cishe akasebenzisi i-echolocation, egxile kumbono.
Okufanekisiwe yimpungushe endizayo yaseNdiya
Impungushe ibuye ibe nokuzwa okuthuthuke kakhulu - insikazi ibona kalula izinyane layo ngezwi layo. Indawo yezimpungushe ezindizayo inkulu impela. Zijwayelekile ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo empumalanga ukusuka eNtshonalanga Afrika kuye e-Oceania, nokuqhubekela enyakatho kuya eNayile, eningizimu ye-Iran, eSyria naseziqhingini eziseningizimu zaseJapan.
Iziqhingi zaseMauritius nezwekazi laseNdiya nazo ziyindawo yazo yokuhlala, futhi eNyakatho Australia kuvamile impungushe endizayo ebabazekayo... Ngokuya ngobubanzi, amalulwane ezithelo anezimo ezihlukile.
Okukhulu kunazo zonke kubhekwa njenge-kalong - ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kuma-40 cm, ingalo engaphambili ngama-cm 22. Lezi zinhlobo zivamile ePhilippines naseziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseMalay, zibizwa nangokuthi impungushe enkulu endizayo.
Kuboniswe impungushe enkulu endizayo
Izinhlobo eziphikisanayo ilulwane lezithelo elincane, ubukhulu balo bungu-6-7 cm kuphela, amaphiko angama-25 cm, ahlala e-Indochina naseBurma. Futhi esifundeni esingaphansi kweSulawesi kuhlala isilwane esincane sezithelo saseSulawesian, esithathwa ngabantu bendawo ukuletha inhlanhla.
Indlela yokuphila yezimpungushe
Izimpungushe ezindizayo zisebenza ebusuku kakhulu futhi zisebenza kabi emzimbeni. Akuvamile ukusebenza emini. Kwenzeka ukuthi amalulwane ezithelo angabi nendawo yokuhlala unomphela - andiza esuka endaweni eya kwenye, kuya ngokuthi kunokudla okuningi kuphi.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu zingandiza cishe amakhilomitha ayikhulu ubusuku ngabunye. ngifuna ukudla. Indawo yokudla ingaba kude ngamakhilomitha ayi-15. kusukela endaweni yosuku. Kwezinye izifunda, lapho izithelo zivuthwa khona ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze zondliwe, izilwane ziyafuduka.
Kepha kaningi bazikhethela isihlahla esisodwa, bahlale kuso iminyaka. Noma izithelo zingaphela amakhilomitha amaningi nxazonke, izimpungushe zindizela kude ziyofuna ukudla, kepha zibuyele "ekhaya".
Abantu abakhulu baphumula emini ngamaqembu amakhulu, kuze kufike ezinkulungwaneni eziyishumi.Izinhlobo ezincane zingahlala zodwa. Emini, amalulwane ezithelo alenga abheke phansi emagatsheni ezihlahla, ngaphansi kwama-cornices, ophahleni lwemihume, ezisonga ngamaphiko awo.
Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, izimpiko zisebenza njengomlandeli wazo, futhi ziyazikhotha nesisu ukukhulisa ukushisa kokushisa. Izindlwana zezimpungushe ezindizayo zivame ukutholakala emahlathini omhlume nakwa-eucalyptus. Bangakwazi ukuhlela izinsuku emapaki.
Isibonelo, kunelinye lamakholoni adume kakhulu eSydney Botanical Garden izimpungushe ezindiza mpunga... Esinye isici sezimpungushe yikhono lazo lokubhukuda.
Esithombeni, impungushe enekhanda elimpunga
Izimpungushe ezindizayo ingagcinwa ku- ekhaya izimo. Uma uthatha isinqumo thenga ngokwakho njengesilwane esifuywayo isithelo selulwane, lapho-ke uzodinga ukulungisa i-aviary enkulu, evulekile yokuhlala ngokunethezeka.
Ngokwemvelo, izimpungushe ezindizayo zijwayela abantu ngokushesha, zivumela ukuthi ziphulwe futhi zidle izithelo ezinikelwe ezandleni zazo. Kwezinye izifunda, izimpungushe ezindizayo ziyaxabana nabantu, zidla izithelo ezivela emasimini atshaliwe.
Mayelana nalokhu, abantu kufanele bafafaze amasimu ngamakhemikhali, okuholela ekufakeni ubuthi nasekubhujisweni kwezinja ezindizayo. Ezinye izingxenye zasePakistan zithola amafutha ezinja ezindizayo ngenhloso yokwelapha. Eziqhingini, lapho kwakuhlala khona amalulwane ezithelo, kwakwenziwa ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu, okwaphazamisa nomphakathi wabo.
Abanye abantu basebenzisa inyama yalezi zilwane ukudla, bakubheka njengokumnandi. Zonke lezi zinto zenza izinja ezindizayo ezihlala eziqhingini zisengozini enkulu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Lapho kuhwalala, izimpungushe ezindizayo ziqala ukukhathazeka, futhi ngokuphazima kweso umhlambi wonke usuka uhambe ubheke endaweni yokudla. Ilulwane lezithelo lisebenzisa umuzwa walo wephunga ukufuna ukudla.
Ukudla okuyinhloko izithelo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izimpungushe zithanda izithelo ezivuthiwe nezinephunga elimnandi lomango, ukwatapheya, upopoya, ubhanana nezinye izitshalo ezishisayo - zigaya izithelo ngemihlathi yazo.
Bangadla izithelo ezincane khona kanye endizeni, noma, ngokulenga emlenzeni owodwa eceleni kwaso, bakhethe omunye badle uginindela, baphuze ijusi. Amalulwane ezithelo awalidli ikhasi, kepha alilahle kude.
Izinhlobo ezincane zidla umpe nempova. Ezinye izimpungushe ezindizayo zidla izinambuzane. Ezindaweni lapho izithelo ziyindlala khona, izihlahla zidliwa ngokuphelele. Uma sezisuthi, amalulwane ayaphumula abuyele endaweni yosuku lwawo. Amanzi nawo ayadingeka, angawaphuza endizeni. Kwesinye isikhathi futhi baphuza amanzi olwandle, aqukethe amaminerali abawadingayo.
Ukusabalala kwembewu yezihlahla zezithelo nokuvotelwa kwezitshalo kuyingxenye enhle yethonya lezinja ezindizayo esimisweni semvelo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi nazo zidala umonakalo, zidla zonke izithelo ezivela ezihlahleni nasemasimini wonke.
Ukuzala nokulindela impilo kwempungushe endizayo
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimpungushe ezindizayo kungokwesikhathi futhi kuncike ezinhlotsheni nasezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Ngakho-ke impungushe endizayo yase-Angola yabalingani baseCameroon ngoSepthemba-Novemba, amawundlu avela ngoFebhuwari. Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwempungushe endizayo yaseNdiya siqala ngoJulayi futhi sithatha kuze kube ngu-Okthoba.
Esithombeni, amawundlu empungushe endizayo
AmaKalongs azala ngoMashi-Ephreli. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka ezindaweni zasemini, abesilisa bakhetha insikazi entsha njalo. Amantshontsho avela ezinyangeni ezingama-5-7 (kuya ngohlobo lwawo), imvamisa emini. Izingane zihamba kakhulu, nezinwele eziwugqinsi emhlane, zingenamazinyo, kepha zinamazipho.
Umama wondla amaphuphu ngobisi lwakhe, ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kowesilisa. Insikazi ithwala izimpungushe ezincane esifubeni sayo iye endaweni yokudla. Lapho, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3, izinyane likhula futhi lisinda kakhulu, lihlala lodwa ebusuku lilinde umama.
Insikazi imfunza izinyanga ezi-5. Ilulwane elincane lezithelo lihlala eduze komama lize libe nezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Ngemuva konyaka, uvuthwa ngokocansi futhi uzimele ngokuphelele.
Okudala owesilisa, kunikezwa ukuhlonishwa okwengeziwe ephaketheni. Amalulwane amakhulu nezidala ezithelo athola izindawo ezihamba phambili esihlahleni sokudla, izindawo zokuphumula ezinethezekile kakhulu, futhi azikhethela abesifazane.
Endle, izimpungushe ezindizayo zihlala cishe iminyaka eyi-10, ekuthunjweni le nkathi icishe iphindwe kabili. Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziningi zezimpungushe ezindizayo zibhalwe kuRed Data Books.
Isibonelo, impungushe endizayo engandile yase-Australia isengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yayo.Impungushe enkulu endizayo ibhalwe futhi ku- Incwadi Ebomvu, kepha manje lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengokuzinza, usongo lokuqothulwa seludlulile.
