Indawo yokuhlala inyoka
Abafundi abaningi bayakwazi lokho inyoka yenyoka kungokwesigaba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi lo mndeni wezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinwabuzelayo unezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-58.
Izindawo zalezi zidalwa zihluke kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, zingatholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwekazi lase-Afrika, e-Asia, kanye nasendaweni enkulu yase-Europe.
Ama-Vipers akhula kahle emathafeni omile nasesimweni sezulu esiswakeme samahlathi asenkabazwe. Bangakwazi ukuhlala emithambekeni yezintaba ezinamadwala futhi bahlale emahlathini asenyakatho.
Ngokuyinhloko, izinyoka zithanda impilo yasemhlabeni, kepha ezihlotsheni zazo kuvame ukuba nabantu abanjalo abaphila impilo engaphansi komhlaba efihliwe emehlweni abukhali. Ummeleli wesiteleka walolu hlobo angabizwa inyoka yomhlaba kusuka ku-hairpin yohlobo (Atractaspis).
Inyoka yenyoka yaphansi
Izici eziyinhloko empilweni yezinyoka zalo mndeni ukutholakala kokudla nenani elanele lokukhanya. Kukho konke okunye, izinyoka azifuneki kangako. Isigaba se-Viper, njengoba sekushiwo, kuhluke kakhulu, kodwa sizokhuluma ngabamele abane ngokuningiliziwe. Ngakho-ke, jwayelana.
Inyoka evamile ihlala engxenyeni yomhlaba yaseYurophu, ezifundeni zase-Asia, ngisho nasenyakatho, kuze kufike e-Arctic Circle. Uhola impilo yokuhlala phansi - akakuthandi ukushintsha kwendawo okuhlala kuyo.
Inyoka ilala emifantwini yomhlaba, emigodini yamagundane nakwezinye izindawo ezicashile. Imvamisa ishiya ikamu lasebusika maphakathi nentwasahlobo, kepha lokhu kuya ngendawo.
Esithombeni, inyoka evamile
Indawo yokuhlala inyoka yenyoka kubanzi kakhulu. Ingatholakala emaqeleni asendaweni yaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esentshonalanga. Wahlala eMpumalanga Kazakhstan, izindawo ezisemaqeleni eCaucasus nasogwini lwaseCrimea. Mayelana nezinyoka amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ayaziwa, isibonelo, bayakwazi ukwenza amamashi okuphoqelelwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Izinyoka zivame ukukhetha indawo ethile yokuhlala kwazo, lapho bengekho abanye abamele lesi sigaba ngaphandle kwabo. Ebusika, ama-creepers azifihla ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi azingcwaba ngokujula okuhle (imitha eli-1.0 noma ngaphezulu).
Esithombeni, inyoka yezintaba
Futhi iqiniso liwukuthi ngisho nobuncane obubi, inyoka ingafa, ngakho-ke lezi zidalwa eziqaphile ziyavuselelwa futhi ziya ebusika ekujuleni okwazi ukugcina ukushisa. Ama-Vipers avame ukulala ngamaqembu amakhulu, kepha angakwazi ukulala yedwa.
Njengoba zivuswe ebuthongweni obude obusika, ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, izinyoka zikhasa ziphuma ezindaweni zazo zokukhosela, zithola izindawo ezinamadwala, lapho zijabulela khona ukuthamela ilanga.
Ezweni lakithi inyoka evamile ne-steppe itholakala yonke indawo futhi ukuhlangana naye akukhombisi okuhle kumuntu. Ngempela, ubuthi babantu abakhulu buyabulala abantu, ingasaphathwa eyezilwane nezinyoni ezincane, okuthe inani elincane lento ebulalayo lanele ukufa uma lilunywa. Qedela ukulunywa yinyoka kubangela ukufa kwesisulu kungakapheli nemizuzu embalwa.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila yenyoka
Ama-Vipers awakwazi ukubizwa ngompetha ekugijimeni ngoba ahamba kancane. Bayakwazi ukuchitha usuku lonke belele ngaphandle kokunyakaza okungadingekile. Kepha ngokuqala kokuhwalala, izinyoka ziyasebenza futhi ziqala ukuzilibazisa okuthandayo - ukuzingela.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abantu abakhulu bangalala benganyakazi isikhathi eside, belindele ukuthi inyamazane uqobo lwayo izowela endaweni ethintekile, bese kuthi inyoka ingaphuthelwa yithuba lokudla ngokwakufike kuye njengesidlo sasemini.
Isici esivelele sezinyoka ukuthi zikwazi kahle ukubhukuda, ukuwela umfula obanzi kuzo noma amanzi amaningi ngokwanele kuyindaba encane.
Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungani izinyoka zivame ukutholakala osebeni lwamachibi, kepha futhi azideleli amaxhaphozi, futhi lapha zimane zanda. Imvamisa abantu basebenzisa ibinzana elithi "ixhaphozi eligcwele izinyoka", futhi lokhu akukhona okungenangqondo.
Ama-Vipers athanda ukuhlala emaxhaphozini.
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izinyoka azinazitho, kepha lokhu akubakhathazi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, bangahamba ngokukhululeka ngosizo lweplastiki yabo yemvelo nomgogodla othambile. Ukugoqa ngomusa phakathi kwamatshe, izidalwa ezinwabuzelayo ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ijubane elifanele.
Kepha iNkosi ayizinikanga lezi zidalwa ukuzwa okuhle nokubona okuhle. Ezinyokeni, ukuvulwa kokuzwa akukho ngokuphelele, futhi izisekelo zamehlo zimbozwe ngeveyili elicijile elisobala. Izinkophe zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zixubene, ngakho-ke azikwazi ukucwayiza.
Kuyaziwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi inyoka emnyama inyoka enobuthi. Ummeleli kuphela walesi sigaba akayona ingozi kubantu. Izimpawu ze-Viper: Izinyoka zinamazinyo amabili amakhulu aqoqa ubuthi.
Esithombeni kunenyoka emnyama
Into enobuthi ikhiqizwa yizindlala ezibhangqene ezitholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zamehlo, nangamapayipi axhuma emazinyweni. Ngokuthakazelisayo, zonke izinhlobo zinokwakheka kwamazinyo okuthakazelisayo. Izinyo le-canine elinobuthi lisethanjeni, elihamba kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, lapho umlomo wenyoka uvaliwe, izinyo lithatha indawo evundlile, kepha lapho nje isilwane sivula umlomo waso, njengamazinyo anobuthi ukusukuma, siba sime mpo.
Inyoka evamile... Lolu hlobo oluthile lwenyoka lubhekwa njengokuvame kakhulu. Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sifinyelela uhhafu wemitha, kodwa kukhona nabantu abakhulu ngokwengeziwe, abanobude obusuka enhloko kuye esihlokweni somsila ngamasentimitha angama-80.
Isici esivelele senyoka iphethini yaso ye-zigzag.
Ukwakheka kwekhanda lakhe kungunxantathu, kuyilapho le ngxenye ibonakala ngokugqamile emzimbeni ojiyile. Imvelo inikeze izinyoka izinhlobonhlobo zemibala - kusuka kwimpunga engabonakali kuya kokusobala ngokugqamile okubomvu. Kukhona futhi omnyama, umnqumo, isiliva, izinyoka eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isici sombala i-zigzag emnyama egijima kulo lonke igebe. Akujwayelekile kangako ukubona inyoka enemivimbo emnyama iwele ngaphesheya. Ekhanda lezilwane ezihuquzelayo kunophawu lwesici oluyisimo sohlamvu V noma u-X.
Umugqa ocacile omnyama udlula enkabeni yamehlo kuyo yonke indawo yekhanda. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ababambi bezinyoka babala inani lesikali esiqwini senyoka bathola ukuthi kunezikali ezingama-21 ezizungeze umzimba engxenyeni emaphakathi (kuyaqabukela ku-19 noma 23).
Empeleni, inyoka ngeke ilume abantu abangenacala. Kuphela uma kungenjalo isihambi esiqaphile simnyathela, khona-ke uzonikeza ukwenqatshwa okufanelekile. Izinyoka ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthanda ukuthula. Uzokhetha ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokushesha endaweni lapho angabonwa futhi afihlwe khona.
Inyoka yesitepe... Lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo luncane kakhulu ngosayizi kunezinhlobo zangaphambilini kanti umuntu omdala, njengokujwayelekile, angaqabuki afinyelele uhhafu wemitha. Ngokungafani nesihlobo sayo, inyoka evame ukuthambeka inesifonyo esicijile, esiphakanyiswe kancane.
Izinyoni zinamehlo angaboni kahle, enxephezelwa ukusabela kwazo ngokushesha
Amakhala asika engxenyeni engezansi ye-septum yamakhala. Umugqa omnyama ogobayo kulo lonke ubude bomzimba, ngasogwini nawo ukhona. Amabala amnyama abonakala kahle ezinhlangothini. Uma uguqula lesi silwane esihuquzelayo emhlane waso, uyabona ukuthi isisu saso simpunga ngezinhlamvu eziningi zomthunzi okhanyayo.
Uma uqhathanisa i-steppe bite futhi ubuthi obujwayelekile benyoka, lapho-ke inketho yokuqala ngeke ibe yingozi kangako kubantu. Inyoka yaseGabon... Ummeleli ogqamile wezinyoka ezinobuthi zase-Afrika. Umuntu ohlonipheke ngempela lo.
Inyoka yaseGabon itholakala e-Afrika
Umzimba wakhe mkhulu - amamitha ayi-2.0 noma ngaphezulu, futhi isisindo sabantu abakhuluphele sifinyelela ku-8-10 kg. Inyoka iphawuleka kakhulu ngombala wayo ogqamile ogqamile, ofana nokhaphethi owenziwe ngezandla.
Imidwebo igcwele ubujamo bejometri obuhlukahlukene ngemibala egqamile egqamile - pink, cherry, ulamula, ubisi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumnyama. Le nyoka ibhekwa njengenye ebulalayo kunazo zonke, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi i-phlegmatic kakhulu, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi akuyona ingozi njengoba wonke umuntu ecabanga ngayo.
Ingaphakanyiswa ngokuphepha ngomsila ngaphandle kokwesaba impilo, ibuyisele emuva, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngeke ifune nokwenza ukubukeka okwesabekayo. Kodwa ukugcona inyoka kuyinto engathandeki neze, ngoba ihlala ithukuthele isikhathi eside futhi mancane amathuba okuthi kube khona "ukuvumelana nayo".
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, inyoka yaseGabon inamazinyo amade kakhulu, agcwele ushevu. Bukela i isithombe sezinyoka ungabona izici ezihlukile zezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Hawu. Izinyoka akuzona abamele ezinobuthi bezinyoka. Ukuhlukanisa inyoka kusuka izinyoka kungenzeka ezindaweni ezikhanyayo ze-orange ezitholakala ohlangothini lwekhanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banabafundi abayindilinga yamehlo, nasezinhlotsheni ezichazwe ngaphambili, nakuzo zonke ezinye, umfundi uncishisiwe futhi ubekwe mpo.
Futhi, lolu hlobo lwenyoka alunaso isici sokundindizela ngemuva. Yize umbala wenyoka yamanzi ufana kakhulu nombala wenyoka, ngoba abaningi baphambanisa ukuhleleka kwamabala amachashazi nokuhamba okuthile ogwini.
Esithombeni, inyoka yamanzi, okuthi, ngenxa yombala ofanayo, ivame ukudideka nezinyoka ezinobuthi
Kepha eduze, uyabona ukuthi amabala aphazanyisiwe, futhi awenzi i-zigzag enganqamuki. Kakade kusuka ekhanda kuye ekugcineni kwomsila ngokulinganayo nekhanda elingunxantathu akujwayelekile ngakho.
Ukondla i-Viper
Ngokwemvelo, zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka ziyizilwane ezizingelayo. Ziyakwazi ukugwinya isisulu siphelele, hhayi kuphela amagundane amancane nezinyoni, kepha futhi nezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu njengezimbongolo nezinye. Kwesinye isikhathi isisulu siba sikhulu kakhulu kunomzimba wesirhubuluzi, okungavimbeli inyoka ukuthi isigwinye siphelele.
Inyoka iyakwazi ukwenza lezi zenzo ngenxa yobuciko obukhethekile bemihlathi. Isakhiwo somhlathi ongezansi siyayivumela ukuthi yelulelwe phambili bese ibuyiselwa esimweni sayo sokuqala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingcezu zemihlathi zixhunywe esilevini futhi, uma kunesidingo, zingaphambukela kalula ezinhlangothini.
Ukwakheka okunomsoco kwenyoka kuncike endaweni ehlala kuyo. Imvamisa bathanda amagundane namaxoxo ngesidlo sasemini. Kodwa amaphuphu angukudla okuthandwa kakhulu izinyoka. Izilwane ezincane, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini kanye nezibankwa ziyangezwa kulolu hlu Kuyathakazelisa ukubuka inyoka lapho izingela.
Isisulu esiyinhloko sezinyoka zasentabeni amagundane nezinambuzane. Ukukhuphuka kahle kwezihlahla, akunzima kubo ukuhlola izidleke zezinyoni, kanye nezindlu zezinyoni ukuthola izibiliboco abazithandayo lapho - amaphuphu. Zithokozela namaqanda ezinyoni. Kodwa-ke, le nyoka ithanda ukuzitotosa ngesibiliboco ngesimo sezilwane ezinenselo emaphakathi.
Inyoka yaseGabon ingumzingeli ngokwemvelo. Izothatha indawo ekuqamekeleni, ilinde kuze kuhlwe futhi lapho isilwane esinegazi elifudumele sisondela ebangeni elidingekayo, sizoziphonsa bese sigwinya siphelele. Uthanda ukudla ama-mongooses, ama-hares nezinye izakhamuzi zebanga lakhe. Ngeke adelele ukunambitha inyamazane emfushane, edukile emhlambini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sezinyoka senzeka entwasahlobo - ikakhulukazi ngoMeyi. Ukukhulelwa kwenyoka, njengezinye izilwane eziningi ezihuquzelayo zesigaba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kuya ngesimo sezulu futhi kubanga kusuka ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Okumangalisa kakhulu ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi inyoka ekhulelwe ingakwazi nokulala ubusuku bonke.
Imvamisa zizala amawundlu angu-10-20 ohlobo lwazo. Lapho bezalwa, bazodla ifa lobuthi ngokushesha kubazali babo. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa ezelwe, abantu abasha bayancibilika. Umzuzu othakazelisayo ungabonakala ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Esithombeni, ukuzalwa kwenyoka eviviparous
Insikazi isonga isihlahla, futhi amawundlu azelwe awe ngqo emhlabathini. Amantshontsho ahlala phansi ehlathini noma emigodini, adla izinambuzane. Inyoka ingaqala ukuzala eminyakeni ehloniphekile yezilwane ezihuquzelayo - cishe iminyaka emihlanu. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi lapho beneminyaka engu-4 ubudala.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyoka emvelweni siyiminyaka eyi-10 ngokwesilinganiso. Izinyoka ze-steppe ziqala ukuzala zineminyaka engu-3. Isikhathi sokuphila sifushane kunaleso sezinyoka ezivamile, iminyaka engu-7-8 kuphela. Inyoka yaseGabon, njengazo zonke izinhlobo ezichaziwe, i-viviparous.
Abesilisa, njengabanumzane beqiniso, abalokothi balume ngesikhathi sokuqomisana. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-12. Uyakwazi ukukhiqiza kusuka kumawundlu ayishumi kuya kwangama-40 emhlabeni.
