Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo imfezi yaseNdiya
Imfezi yaseNdiya (kusuka ku-Latin Naja naja) yinyoka enesihlungu enesihlungu evela emndenini we-asp, uhlobo lomfantu weqiniso. Le nyoka inomzimba, onamathele emsileni, onamamitha ayi-1.5-2 ubude, embozwe izikali.
Njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zemfezi, elaseNdiya line-hood evuleka lapho le nyoka ijabule. I-hood iyinhlobo yokwandiswa kwesifuba okwenzeka ngenxa yezimbambo ezandayo ngaphansi kwethonya lemisipha ekhethekile.
Iphalethi lemibala yomzimba wemfezi lihlukahluka impela, kepha okuyinhloko yimibala yombala ophuzi, onsundu-mpunga, kaningi onesihlabathi. Eduze kwekhanda kunephethini echazwe ngokucacile efana ne-pince-nez noma izibuko eziseduze nentaba, kungenxa yalokho ukuthi Imfezi yaseNdiya ikhonjisiwe.
Ososayensi bahlukanisa imfezi yaseNdiya ibe yimifucumfucu eminingana eyinhloko:
- Imfucumfucu engaboni (kusuka eLatin Naja naja coeca)
- i-monocle cobra (kusuka eLatin Naja naja kaouthia);
- ikhafula imfezi yaseNdiya (kusuka ku-Latin Naja naja sputatrix);
- Imfezi yaseTaiwan (kusuka kuLatin Naja naja atra)
- Imfezi yase-Asia Ephakathi (kusuka ku-Latin Naja naja oxiana).
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kunamanye ama-subspecies ambalwa kakhulu. Imvamisa kukhonjiswa ngohlobo lwephimpi elibukiwe laseNdiya kanye Imfezi yenkosi yaseNdiya, kepha lo ngumbono ohluke kancane, omkhulu ngosayizi nokunye umehluko, yize ucishe ufane ngokubukeka.
Esithombeni kunemfene ekhafula indiya
Imfezi yaseNdiya, kuya ngeyesepecies, ihlala e-Afrika, cishe kulo lonke elase-Asia futhi, nakwezwenikazi laseNdiya. Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili, lawa ma-cobra ajwayelekile ebuningini bamazwe anamuhla: iTurkmenistan, i-Uzbekistan neTajikistan - ama-subspecies we-Central Asia cobra ahlala lapha.
Ukhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene kusuka ehlathini kuya ezintabeni. Ezindaweni ezinamadwala, ihlala emifantwini nasemigodini ehlukahlukene. E-China, bavame ukuhlala emasimini elayisi.
Isimo nemphilo yempophoma yaseNdiya
Lolu hlobo lwenyoka enobuthi alwesabi nakancane umuntu futhi lungahlala eduze nendawo ahlala kuyo noma emasimini alinyelwe ukuvunwa. Imvamisa indian cobra naya itholakala ezakhiweni ezilahliwe, esezonakele.
Lolu hlobo lwemfezi alulokothi luhlasele abantu uma lungaboni ingozi nobudlova oluvela kubo, luyaluma, lujova umjovo, luyazivikela kuphela, futhi-ke, kaningi, hhayi imfezi uqobo lwayo, kodwa ikhwela layo elibi, lisebenza njengesithiyo.
Ukwenza ukuphonsa kokuqala, kubizwa nangokuthi kuyakhohlisa, imfezi yaseNdiya ayikhiqizi ukulunywa okunoshevu, kepha imane yenze igobongo lekhanda, kube sengathi ixwayisa ukuthi ukuphonsa okulandelayo kungabulala.
Ufanekiswe u-cobra waseNdiya naya
Ngokwenzayo, uma inyoka ikwazile ukujova ushevu lapho ilunywa, lowo olunywe yinyoka unethuba elincane lokusinda. Igremu elilodwa lobuthi be-cobra yaseNdiya lingabulala izinja ezingaphezu kwekhulu eziphakathi nendawo.
Kukhafula imfezi ngubani igama le-subspecies yemfezi yaseNdiya, kuyaqabukela kulume nhlobo. Indlela yokuvikelwa kwayo isuselwa esakhiweni esikhethekile semisele yamazinyo, okujova ngawo ubuthi.
Lezi ziteshi azikho ezansi kwamazinyo, kodwa endizeni yazo emile, futhi lapho kuvela ingozi ngesimo sesilwane esidlayo, lenyoka ifafaza ubuthi kuyo, ebangeni elifinyelela kumamitha amabili, ihlose amehlo. Ukungena kukashevu kulwelwesi lweso kuholela ekushiseni kwe-cornea futhi isilwane silahlekelwa ukucaciseleka kombono, uma ubuthi bungagezwa masinyane, kungenzeka ubumpumputhe obugcwele.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amazinyo emfezi yaseNdiya amafushane, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoka ezinobuthi, futhi abuthakathaka, okuvame ukuholela kuma-chips awo aqhume, kepha esikhundleni samazinyo alimele, amasha avela ngokushesha okukhulu.
Kunezimfene eziningi eNdiya ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlala abantu. Abantu baqeqesha lolu hlobo lwenyoka besebenzisa imisindo yezinsimbi zomoya, futhi bayakujabulela ukwenza imidlalo ehlukahlukene ngokubamba iqhaza kwabo.
Kunamavidiyo amaningi futhi isithombe semfezi yaseNdiya nendoda edlala ipayipi, yenza le nsengezi iphakame emsileni, ivule i-hood futhi, ngokungathi kunjalo, idansele umculo ozwakala.
AmaNdiya anombono omuhle ngalolu hlobo lwenyoka, ebabheka njengengcebo kazwelonke. Laba bantu banezinkolelo eziningi nama-epics ahlobene nemfezi yaseNdiya. Kuwo wonke amazwekazi, le nyoka nayo idume impela.
Enye yezindaba ezidume kakhulu ngemfezi yaseNdiya yindaba yombhali odumile uRudyard Kipling obizwa nge- "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi". Isitshela ngokuxabana phakathi kwe-mongoose encane engesabi nemfezi yaseNdiya.
Ukudla kwemfezi yaseNdiya
Imfezi yaseNdiya, njengezinyoka eziningi, idla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ikakhulukazi amagundane nezinyoni, kanye namaxoxo asemanzini nezinja. Izidleke zezinyoni zivame ukucekelwa phansi ngokudla amaqanda namachwane. Futhi, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ziya ekudleni, kufaka phakathi izinyoka ezincane ezinobuthi.
Imfezi enkulu yaseNdiya ingagwinya kalula igundane elikhulu noma unogwaja omncane ngasikhathi. Isikhathi eside, kuze kube amasonto amabili, imfezi ingenza ngaphandle kwamanzi, kepha lapho ithole umthombo iphuza kakhulu, igcina uketshezi lwekusasa.
Imfezi yaseNdiya, kuya ngekuhlala kwayo, itingela ngetikhatsi letehlukene temini nasebusuku. Iyakwazi ukusesha inyamazane emhlabathini, emizimbeni yamanzi ngisho nasezimileni ezide. Ngaphandle okuxakile, lolu hlobo lwenyoka lungena phakathi kwezihlahla lubhukude emanzini, lubheke ukudla.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila semfene yaseNdiya
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kuma-cobra aseNdiya kwenzeka ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Isikhathi sokuzalisa senzeka ezinyangeni zasebusika ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3-3.5, inyoka yesifazane izalela amaqanda esidlekeni.
Bamba amaqanda angama-10-20. Lolu hlobo lwemfezi alufukameli amaqanda, kepha ngemuva kokuwabeka luhlala lutholakala eduze kwesidleke, luvikela inzalo yalo yesikhathi esizayo ezitheni zangaphandle.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, izinyoka ezisencane ziqala ukuchamusela. Amawundlu asanda kuzalwa, akhululwe egobolondweni, angahamba kalula ngokuzimela futhi ashiye ngokushesha abazali babo.
Njengoba zinikezwe ukuthi zizalwa ngokushesha zinoshevu, lezi zinyoka azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngoba ziyakwazi ukuzivikela ngisho nasezilwaneni ezinkulu. Isikhathi sokuphila semfezi yaseNdiya siyahluka kusuka eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-30, kuya ngendawo ehlala kuyo nokutholakala kokudla okwanele kulezi zindawo.
