Ukugoqeka kwezinyoni ungummeleli ovelele womndeni we-snipe, ungowe-oda le-Charadriiformes. Zibonakala kalula ngemilomo yazo ekhethekile emide, egobile kancane phansi, ebasiza ukuba babheke inyamazane enzansi enodaka olumanzi.
Namuhla, kunemindeni eyisikhombisa yalezi zinyoni, emihlanu yayo itholakala eRussia. Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-130 zazo ziyaziwa, ezifundeni eziningi UCurlew ubhalwe kuRed Book.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ubuningi babantu abakhulu kunabo bonke enkulu curlew ifinyelela ku-1 kg, ubude bomzimba busuka ku-50 kuye ku-65 cm, amaphiko enyoni afinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-100. Isici sayo ukuba khona komlomo omude, ogobile kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa.
Umbala wezimpaphe ezisontekile ubukhulu becala ungwevu, umhlophe futhi nsundu nge-beige. Inyoni esongekile ihlala ikakhulu endaweni yase-Central naseNyakatho Yurophu, evame ukutholakala e-Asia (iningi lazo liseKyrgyzstan nasendaweni esempumalanga yeChibi iBaikal).
Ngokuvamile i-curlew - inyoni ehamba, ngakho-ke, izindawo eziyizintandokazi zezidleke zalezi zinyoni zigxilwe ezungeze amaxhaphozi, ama-peat bogs nemithombo efanayo yamanzi. Curlew baby yehlukile kumfowabo omkhulu ngomlomo omfishane nosayizi omncane womzimba. Indawo ehlala kuyo phambilini ibisuka esiqeshini esiseningizimu se-taiga yaseNtshonalanga yeSiberia siye eKazakhstan nesihlabathi seVolga naseUral.
Ebusika, izinyoni zandizela emazweni aseMedithera. Okwamanje, ababheki bezinyoni abaningi babhekwa njengabaqothulwe ebusweni beplanethi. Izidleke zezingane zaseSiberia zizungeza phakathi kwamadlelo agudle imifula yaseSiberia.
Izidleke zalezi zinyoni ezincane zivame ukutholakala emigodini emincane eshone phansi emhlabathini, lapho zizalela khona amaqanda.
Amasayizi we-curlew ajwayelekile ahlukile ku- ubukhulu be-curlew enkulu... Ubude bomzimba wabo abudluli ku-50 cm, ubude bephiko abukho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-75-80. Isisindo sabesilisa sifinyelela kuma-gramu angama-500, abesifazane - kuze kufike ku-650 amagremu. Ngokuphambene nokusonga okukhulu, zinomqhele wekhanda lombala onsundu onsundu, ohlukaniswe ngomugqa omhlophe. Amashiya alula, uqhwaku lufushane.
Ihlala ikakhulukazi emaxhaphozini engxenyeni esenyakatho yeYurophu, imvamisa izidleke emahlathini amancane nasezindaweni zomlilo, kepha nakanjani eduze kwamanzi.
Ukugoba okuncane ngaphandle kucishe kungahlukaniseki nokukhulu, ngaphandle kwesayizi enesizotha kakhulu noqhwaku olufushanisiwe oluncane.
Ihlala ezimfundeni ezinamanzi, amahlathi axubene-aspen nama-peat bogs. Ubusika babonakala eMorocco nakwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane.
Okwamanje kubhekwa njengenye yezinyoni eziyivelakancane emhlabeni wonke. Umbala wabo wehlukile kubamele abakhulu bezinhlobo ngokuba khona kwamabala amnyama ahlukahlukene amise okwenhliziyo esifubeni, izwi liyafana, kepha liphakeme kancane futhi lincane.
U-Eskimo curlew wake waba omunye wemifula evame kakhulu eMelika nokwakha izidleke enyakatho yeCanada nase-Alaska.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuzingelwa okusebenzayo kwama-curlews, le nyoni yacishe yaqothulwa ngokuphelele futhi namuhla ithathwa njengeyaphela, okungenani ayikaze ibonwe ngabantu cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka.
Ukuqothulwa kwabantu nakho kwathonywa ukulima okukhulu kwamazwe aseNyakatho Melika, ngenxa yalokho izinyoni zalahlekelwa ukudla kwazo okujwayelekile.
I-curlew yaseMpumalanga Ekude kubhekwe njengosigaxa omkhulu kunabo bonke abahlala eRussia. Izimpiko zayo zifinyelela imitha elilodwa, imilenze yinde, ingemuva inombala onsundu kakhulu ngombala, indawo yesisu ilula.
I-Uppertail imnyama, uqhwaku lude futhi lugobile lubheke phansi. Izala ikakhulukazi eKamchatka nasendaweni yase-Amur. Ihlala futhi esifundeni seNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina naseNyakatho Korea.
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinyoni zakha izidleke ezindaweni ezivulekile, zaqothulwa ngabazingeli, izinja ezilahlekile nezimpungushe. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, zingaphansi kuka-40,000 zazo emhlabeni namuhla.
Isimo kanye nendlela yokuphila ye-curlew
Curlew - sandpiperehola impilo yomphakathi. Ngesikhathi sezindiza ezikhetha ukuchitha ebusuku, izinyoni zihlela ngemihlambi emikhulu. Ezindaweni zasebusika, ngokuvamile zanqwabelana ngamanani amakhulu.
Isikhathi esiningi sosuku basuke bematasa befuna ukudla, lapho behamba khona ngamandla endaweni evulekile, bese bethula uqhwaku lwabo olude nolugobile esihlabathini noma odakeni.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni eziningi, isigqi sempilo yama-curlews asincikile ekuguqukeni kwemini nobusuku, kepha ekwehleni nasekuhambeni. Lapho amanzi eshiya, izinyoni ziqala ukufuna ngokuqinile ukudla, ngesikhathi samanzi amakhulu ziyaphumula, zikhipha ama-trill melodic, afana nemisindo yomtshingo.
Ama-curlews akhetha ubusika emazweni ashisayo anesimo sezulu saseMedithera, ezindaweni zethu ezithambile izinyoni zivela entwasahlobo (imvamisa ekupheleni kukaMashi - maphakathi no-Ephreli).
Uma kwenzeka umuntu oyedwa abone isilwane esidlayo, kufanele sixwayise izihlobo zakhe ngokukhipha imisindo emifushane. Ama-trill wezinhlobo ezithile zezinto afana nesikhala senkonyane.
Izinyoni zichitha ubusuku ezindaweni eziyimfihlo (otshanini obuminyene nasemahlozini asogwini), ezingafinyeleleki kubantu nasezitheni zazo, njengezinja nezimpungushe ezahlukahlukene. Ama-curlews kuyaqabukela ehola indlela yokuphila, ehlala ekhetha ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile ukusuka endaweni kuya kwenye.
Ukudla kwe-curlew
Ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, i-curlew idla kakhulu amajikijolo, njengama-blueberries, ama-cranberries, ama-shiksha nama-lingonberries asinde ebusika. Ubulembu bezinyoni ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka buqukethe inqwaba yezimbewu zalawa majikijolo, okuthi, uma ziwela enhlabathini, ziqhume futhi zibe nezimpande.
Esikhathini sonke esisele, ukudla kuka-curlew kuqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane, izibungu, amaxoxo amancane, amagundane nezibankwa.
Izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini zidla ama-annelids, ama-shrimps, ama-molluscs nezinkalankala, okudliwa yi-curlew ngemuva kokunquma uzipho nezidladla.
Uqhwaku kuleli cala lusebenza njengohlobo lwezimbiwa. Bangaphinde badle namagundane, ama-shrews ngisho nezinyoni ezincane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla ku incazelo curlew, lezi zinambuzane ziyizinyoni zomphakathi, ngakho-ke zakha izidleke ngemihlambi futhi zakha ngazimbili. Izidleke ziyizimbobo ezincane emhlabathini, zimbozwe ngotshani obomile, izimpaphe namahlumela amancane.
Izinyoni ziqala ukubeka amaqanda cishe maphakathi nentwasahlobo, ngoba eyodwa ibamba insikazi izalela amaqanda angafika kwamane. Masinyane ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhwelana, abesilisa baheha abesifazane ngendiza yamanje ekhethekile. Amachwane azalwa esevele enezimpaphe futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana ayahamba ayofuna inyamazane kanye nobaba womndeni (owesilisa).
Kuze kube lapho amatshana ekwazi ukundiza kahle ngokwanele, achitha isikhathi sawo esiningi ecasha ngokuhlola amehlo nezilwane ezidla utshani obuminyene noma emahlathini asogwini.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha alenqubo yokuphila, amaphuphu aqala ukundiza ngokuzimela futhi azitholele ukudla.
Njengoba izinhlobo zezinyoni eziyinhloko zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa noma zibhekwa njengezaphela ngokuphelele, zingabonakala kuphela lapho isithombe noma izithombe ze-curlew kumamyuziyamu omlando wendawo noma kubukhulu benethiwekhi.
Isikhathi sabo sokuphila naso siyangabazeka, iningi labaqaphi bezinyoni licaphuna isibalo esiphakathi kweminyaka eyishumi kuya kwengu-20. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ngabantu abafinyelele eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu.
