Izilwane zeRed Book laseRussia
Abafundi babona uhlelo lokuqala olusemthethweni emashalofini ngo-2001. IRed Book yaseRussia iqoqo eliqukethe izilwane eziyivelakancane, izithombe zazo kanye nezincazelo.
Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingama-vertebrate ezingama-259, izinhlobo ezingama-39 zezinhlanzi, izinhlobo ezingama-21 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinhlobo ezingama-65 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo eziyi-123 zezinhlanzi, izinhlobo ezi-8 zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini ezihlala ngisho nasezifundeni ezikude kakhulu nezinzima zaseRussia.
Ngeshwa, kule minyaka embalwa edlule umhlaba ulahlekelwe inqwaba yezinhlobo zezilwane ezinhle ngokungajwayelekile - lezi izinambuzane, izinyoni, nezilwane zetundra, kanye nezakhamizi zezintaba.
Le ncwadi yadalwa ngenhloso yokuvikela izilwane nezinyoni ezisengozini nezisengozini yezizathu ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, kanye nezitshalo. Ngezansi uzothola imininingwane ethakazelisayo, izincazelo nezithombe zabamele abakhulu ngokubabazekayo nabathandekayo beRed Book.
Izilwane Ezincelisayo Zencwadi Ebomvu YaseRussia
Izimvu zase-Altai zezintaba ungumnikazi wezimpondo ezinkulu kunawo wonke amalungu ohlanga.
I-Amur steppe polecat inabantu abaphansi kakhulu, futhi kusukela ngama-50s, ingozi yokuqothulwa inyuke kuphela.
Ingwe yama-Amur... Ekhuluma ngale nkosi yezilwane zaseMpumalanga Ekude ehlala ehlathini lase-Ussuri, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi phakathi kwezilwane zeRed Book yaseRussia kunamagama amaningi abamele amakati. Ingwe ye-Amur iyinhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke futhi kuphela yehlosi eye yakwazi ukuphila phakathi kweqhwa elimhlophe njengekristalu namazinga okushisa aphansi.
Ezimweni ezinzima kangaka, ukuzingela kuba ngumsebenzi onzima kwingwe ye-Amur, umzamo owodwa kuphela kwabayishumi ophumelelayo. Zilandelela izinyamazane nezingulube zasendle futhi ziyakwazi ukudoba ngesikhathi zizala. Lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele seRed Book ukuziqhenya kwangempela kweRussia. Manje inani labantu liyanda, cishe amahlosi angama-450 ahlala emahlathini asendle aseMpumalanga Ekude naseChina.
Amantshontsho avela ngo-Ephreli-Meyi angaboni futhi mancane kakhulu. Umama onakekelayo ubheka ngokucophelela ukudla kwabo futhi abafundise izisekelo zokuzingela. Kakade ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, amawundlu anengwe enobudlova asiza i-tigress ekuzingeleni futhi akwazi ukuthola ukudla ngokuzimela. Ukuzingela lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezingavamile akuvunyelwe neze eRussia, kanti eChina isigwebo sentambo silindele ukubulawa komuntu ozingela izingwe ngokungemthetho.
Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe... Olunye uhlobo olungavamile ngokungajwayelekile esingaluthola emakhasini eRed Book yaseRussia yihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe. Kwesinye isikhathi ungahlangana naye kumahlengethwa, uyathandana futhi unelukuluku lokuxhumana nabantu, kepha akakwazi ukubekezelela izimo ekuthunjweni.
Lezi zilwane zihlala olwandle lwaseBarents naseBaltic, eDavis Strait, eCape Cod. Zihlala ngamaqembu abantu abayi-6 - 8, ubude bomzimba bufinyelela amamitha amathathu ubude.
Lolu hlobo lusengozini ngenxa yokungcola kwamanzi ngamakhemikhali nezinsimbi ezisindayo, kanye nangenxa yokuzingelwa emanzini ase-UK naseScandinavia. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezihleleke kakhulu ziyamangalisa futhi azifundiswanga kangako.
Kuze kube namuhla, ososayensi bayazibuza ukuthi siyini isizathu sokulahla kwabo okukhulu emhlabeni, kungani besindisa abantu ngemuva kokuphahlazeka okubuhlungu olwandle. Sinokujwayelana okuningiliziwe ngalezi zilwane ezingavamile, ezihlukanisayo hhayi ngemisindo kuphela, kodwa nangamagama.
Ihlengethwa elimhlophe... Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwehlengethwa elimhlophe emaceleni i-Atlantic yindawo enkulu emhlophe noma ye-beige eqala ngapha nangapha komphetho we-dorsal futhi unwebela kuwo wonke umzimba.
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa... Lesi silwane yizinhlobo zebhere ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Usayizi wayo mkhulu kakhulu kunalowo we-North American grizzly onamandla.
Isicathulo sehhashi esikhulu imele umndeni omkhulu wamalulwane.
Isikhisi esikhulu... Isizathu esiyinhloko sokunyamalala kwabantu ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu. I-shrew ingagcinwa kuphela ngokuhambisana nezindlela ezijwayelekile zokongiwa kwemvelo.
IGorbach inegama layo lendlela yokubhukuda - lapho ubhukuda, uqinisa kakhulu umhlane wakhe.
UDaurian hedgehog kuncane kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, njengoba izinaliti zayo zikhomba emuva.
UDzeren (imbuzi yezinkukhu) Izinhlwathi zezimbuzi zibonakala ngokukhuthazela okukhulu nokuhamba.
I-pestle ephuzi... Ukuklaba kwemfuyo nokoma kwemithombo yokuphuza, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yephutha labantu, kunomthelela omubi enanini lamaphayi aphuzi.
Inyathi wesimanjemanje. Izinyathi zibhekwa njengamakhosi ehlathi ngenxa yamandla amangalisayo, amandla, ubukhulu balesi silo.
Ikati lasehlathini laseCaucasia enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinhlobo zamakati asemahlathini.
I-sea otter noma i-sea otter iyisilwane esisemanzini.
Kulan kungokwomndeni wamahhashi, kepha ngaphandle kufana nembongolo, kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi imbongolo.
Impisi Ebomvu... Lesi silwane sibalwe hhayi kuphela eNcwadini Ebomvu yezwe lethu, kodwa nakwi-analogue yamazwe omhlaba. Lezi zilwane zihlukaniswa nezimpisi ezijwayelekile ngombala wazo ongajwayelekile, umsila omnyama opholile nezindlebe ezincane. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyi-10 zempisi ebomvu. Ababili babo bahlala ensimini yaseRussia.
Bahlala emihlambini yabantu abangafika kwabayi-12. Abantu abasha nabesilisa asebekhulile abanolwazi bazingela ndawonye. Isimo esinolaka ephaketheni komunye nomunye asivamile kakhulu. Impango yezimpisi ingaba nje kuphela amagundane amancane, kepha futhi nezinyamazane ezinkulu, izinhlwathi ngisho nezingwe. Isisindo somzimba wesilwane kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela kuma-21 kilograms, izimpisi ezibomvu zihlala kaningi ezintabeni.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuthi laba bameleli bezinja abemba imigodi, kepha bakha indawo yabo yokuhlala ematsheni amadwala. Izimpisi ezibomvu azithandeki. Kubonakele ukuthi amawundlu amancane empisi, ahluke kancane ngokubukeka emidlwane, azalwa ngenyanga kaJanuwari noFebhuwari. Lolu hlobo lwempisi luzala kahle ekuthunjweni.
Sibonga ubulula bayo bokuzalela, impisi ebomvu isekhona eMhlabeni. Ngokwemvelo, isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwesibalo sabantu ukuncintisana nezimpisi ezijwayelekile ezimpunga, eziphakeme kakhulu ngamandla. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bazingela iMpisi Ebomvu ngoboya bayo obuyigugu.
Ingwe... Ummeleli omkhulu womndeni we-feline onombala onamabala.
Ihhashi likaPrzewalski... Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, amahhashi amaningana akhishwa ngokuzama ukungena endaweni yokukhishwa yase-Ukraine yesitshalo samandla enyukliya eChernobyl, lapho aqala khona ukuzala ngenkuthalo. Manje cishe baba yikhulu labo.
Ikati likaPallas ikati le-steppe lasendle, elingafundelwa kahle ngabantu ngalesi sikhathi ngenxa yendlela yalo yokuphila eyimfihlo.
UWalrus - omunye wabamele abakhulu be-pinnipeds, obonakala kalula ngamazinyo alo amakhulu.
I-Narwhal noma i-unicorn... Esinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezingavamile futhi ezingalibaleki zeRed Book yaseRussia zihlala emanzini abandayo oLwandle i-Arctic esimweni sezulu esibi se-Arctic. Inesayizi yomzimba nesisindo esithandekayo. Iduna - 6 m enesisindo esifinyelela kumathani ayi-1.5, insikazi - 4.5 m no-900 kilograms. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuya eningizimu ebusika nasenyakatho ehlobo.
Zondla izinhlanzi nama-cephalopods. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ebusika ama-narwhal azingela futhi ondle ngokweqile. Ama-Narwhals ahlangana ngamaqembu amancane, noma ahlala yedwa, futhi axhumana, njengamahlengethwa, esebenzisa imisindo ehlukahlukene: ukushaya ikhwela, ukukhala, ukuchofoza, amagagasi e-ultrasonic.
Lezi zilwane ezinhle zisondele kakhulu esimweni esiyingozi, ngoba abantu basenyakatho badla inyama yabo, futhi amazinyo abo abaluleke kakhulu emakethe emnyama. Muva nje, sekwenziwe izinhlelo eziningi zokuvikela lezi zilwane eziyingqayizivele, kunezinhlawulo ezinkulu zokubamba ama-narwhals.
Indoda yaseRussia isilwane esincane esinekhala elide, umsila onamaxolo nephunga elimnandi lomsundu, esathola igama laso (kusuka ku-Old Russian "huhat" - ukunuka).
I-Reindeer ummeleli wenyamazane kuphela lapho abesilisa nabesifazane benezimpondo.
Ingonyama yasolwandle omele omkhulu kunabo bonke bomndeni wophawu.
Ingwe yeqhwa, ubizwa ngokuthi "inkosi yezintaba", ungumhlali waso unomphela.
Izinyoni ezibalwe eRed Book yaseRussia
Inyoni ye-Avdotka... Kuyaqabukela uhlangane naye, ngoba ngemuva kwale nyoni kunesihlabathi-mpunga ngombala ngemigqa emnyama, emvumela ukuthi azifihle ngokuphelele phakathi kotshani obomile.
I-Saker Falcon, uheshe ongomunye wezilwane eziyingozi ezidla izinyoni emhlabeni.
I-bodew iyinyoni enkulu ehamba.
I-Bustard... Uma abasebenzi bezikhungo ezikhethekile ezibhekele ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuthola izinkukhu bethola amaqanda enyoni ezindaweni eziyingozi empilweni yayo, bese bewaqoqa bese bewafaka kuma-incubator. Ngemuva kokuba amachwane esechanyuselwe, ayadedelwa aye endle.
Idada lesiMandarin... Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi iRed Book ayiqukethe imininingwane yezilwane ezincelisayo kuphela, kepha futhi inemininingwane ngezinyoni, nangezinambuzane, nangama-amphibian. Amadada aseMandarin ngamadada amancane ehlathi. Abesifazane banezimpaphe ezingabambeki kangako, abesilisa babukeka njengezinyoni ezivela enganekwaneni, ngoba ingubo yabo yokukhwelana inombala obonakala kakhulu.
Bahlala emaqenjini amancane eMpumalanga Ekude, esidlekeni esisogwini lwemifula emincane, ezintabeni kanye nasemachibini ahlanzekile. Ziphila ngokudla amaxoxo, ama-acorn kanye nolwelwe lomfula.
Bacasha eChina naseJapan, lapho umbhangqwana wala madada uthathwa njengophawu lokuthembeka nokuzwana emshadweni. Kepha ngokwemvelo, lezi zilwane zibheka umbhangqwana omusha njalo ngonyaka.
Ngo-Ephreli, insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-5 kuye kwayi-10 bese iwafukamela yodwa. Ngemuva kwamasonto ayisithupha, amaphuphu aba yizinyoni ezizimele nezindala. La madada asengozini ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokuzingelwa kwabazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Inyoni ezinzile inemilenze emide ebomvana, ehluke kakhulu kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zeRed Book yaseRussia
I-Viper kaDiniknjengezinye izinyoka zinemivimbo ngemuva, kepha ibanzi kakhulu.
Inyoka yekati kuvame ukuhlala eduze komuntu - emifantwini yezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, ophahleni lwezindlu, ezivinini nasezivandeni. Abantu bendawo bavame ukubiza izinyoka zamakati njengezinyoka "zasendlini".
IGyurza – inyoka inkulu ngosayizi, ifinyelela ubude bamamitha amabili ngomsila, onoshevu, ongowomndeni wakwaViper.
Ama-Annelids
Zheleznyak isibungu se-annelid esinomzimba ominyene.
Sitshele kuphela ngengxenye encane yokuqukethwe kweRed Book yaseRussia, abafundi abanelukuluku lokufuna ngokuqinisekile bazofuna ukuba nayo emtatsheni wabo wezincwadi.
