I-grouse emnyama - inyoni yehlathi laseRussia
I-Teterev - umlingiswa owaziwayo ezinganekwaneni zezingane "Fox and Blackcock". Iqhawe linengqondo, lilinganisiwe, ngokuzithiba nokubekezela. Yikuphi abazingeli abazi kahle ukuthi ungubani, abafunde ngomlingiswa wakhe futhi babiza i-grouse emnyama ngendlela yabo: i-blackie, iqhude lasensimini, i-birch noma i-kosach. Insikazi inamagama amaningi othando: i-grouse, i-killer whale, i-hazel-grouse, i-pole.
Izinhlobo ze-grouse emnyama
Okudume kakhulu yizinhlobo ezimbili, zombili ikakhulukazi ezihlala endaweni yaseRussia: i-grouse emnyama kanye ne-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasus. Ihlathi, i-steppe ne-step-steppe zone yinsimu yendawo yokuhlala emnyama.
I-Kosach yaziwa kangcono ngokuhlala kabanzi cishe e-Arctic Circle, kanti i-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasus, ngokusho kwegama, ihlala eCaucasus, kepha isibalo sayo sisengozini yokuqothulwa, lolu hlobo lubhalwe kuRed Book. I-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasus incane kune-kosach ngosayizi, yehluke kancanyana ezimpapheni nasesimweni somsila, egobile kakhulu eceleni.
Phesheya, i-grouse emnyama yaziwa enyakatho yeKazakhstan, entshonalanga yeMongolia, eJalimane, ePoland, enyakatho yeBrithani, eScandinavia nakwamanye amazwe. Esinye sezihlobo ezinkulu yi-sage grouse eNyakatho Melika, enesisindo esifinyelela ku-4 kg nesisindo esifinyelela ku-75 cm.
Esikhathini sesithombe se-sage grouse
Izindawo eziyizintandokazi ze-grouse emnyama amahlathi e-birch anezindawo ezivulekile, ezigcwele izihlahlana, izihlahla ezingaphansi, ezinemizimba yamanzi eseduze. Ngokuthanda i-birch eJalimane, le nyoni ibizwa ngokuthi i-birch grouse. Izindawo ezivulekile zamathafa, ezazakhelwa i-grouse emnyama, ngokuthuthuka kwezolimo, zaya ngokuya zicubungula abantu, futhi izinyoni kwadingeka zihlehle.
Ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwe-grouse emnyama
I-grouse emnyama - inyoni muhle: izimpaphe ezimnyama ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umsila omise okwehayidi onomsebenzi ophambene omhlophe, amashiya obomvu ogqamile ogqamile. Izindawo zezimpaphe ezimhlophe emabhokisini amnyama zivame ukubizwa ngezibuko.
I-Black grouse ingummeleli ojwayelekile wohlobo lwayo. Ngezimpaphe zomsila, ezifana nezingulube ezimnyama, wathola igama lesibili. Ubukhulu besilisa ngokwesilinganiso bufinyelela ku-60 cm futhi bunesisindo esifinyelela ku-1.5 kg.
I-Kosach, enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-black grouse
I-grouse incane: ikhula ize ifike ku-50 cm, inesisindo esingeqile ku-1 kg. Umbala we-grouse uhluka kakhulu futhi usondele kumbala obomvu onsundu noma ompunga, umsila mfushane.
Inhloko ye-grouse emnyama incane, uqhwaku lufushane futhi luqinile. Izimpaphe ezinde ezimpikweni zisiza ukulawula ukundiza, zisebenza njengohlobo lwamaphini okuqondisa.
Amazwi we-grouse emnyama ayabonakala, i-kosachi idumzela kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside nge-gurgle ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ukukhala okuzwakalayo kuyashintshana nokuhhewula okungatheni. AmaGrouse aqoqa okwezinkukhu, ekugcineni kokucula alula imisindo. Ebusika, izinyoni ziyathula.
Lalela izwi le-grouse emnyama
Ukuphila emvelweni
I-grouse emnyama emvelweni ziyasebenza kakhulu empilweni yomphakathi, gcina, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokukhwelana, emihlambini exubile yabesilisa nabesifazane. Inani labantu abasemhlambini lifinyelela emakhanda angama-200. Ukuphakama komsebenzi phakathi nenkathi efudumele kusekuseni kakhulu nangaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Emini, izinyoni zishiswa yilanga, zihleli emagatsheni.
Izinyoni zinokuphila kokuhlala phansi. Isikhathi eside bahamba emhlabathini, bahambe ngokushesha nangobuciko ngisho nasezihlahleni eziminyene. Lapha bathola ukudla, ukuzala nokuphumula. Bangachitha ubusuku emhlabathini, ngaphansi kwezihlahla, kumabhogi.
Uma kunesidingo, suka ngokushesha futhi ngomsindo. Ukundiza kwezinyoni kuyashesha futhi kuyalawuleka. I-grouse emnyama ingabhekwa ngokulinganayo njengasemhlabeni kanye ne-arboreal. Ngokuzethemba bahamba phakathi kwezihlahla, bachitha ubusuku emahlamvini, bahlala ngokuqinile ngisho nasemagatsheni amancane angakwazi ukuxhasa isisindo sawo.
Lapho befuna amacici amahle, bangaphanyeka babheke phansi, kuyilapho bebambelele ngokuqinile egatsheni ngezidladla zabo.
I-grouse emnyama inezindlebe nokubona okuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwi-grouse, okungabokuqala ukunikeza amasiginali alamu. Ukuziphatha kuqaphele kakhulu, uma kwenzeka ingozi iKosach ingandiza ibalekele amashumi amakhilomitha ambalwa. Ijubane lokundiza lifinyelela ku-100 km / h.
Impilo yezinyoni inokwehluka kwesizini, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ebandayo. I-grouse emnyama ebusika emini ihlala ezihlahleni, imvamisa emibhikishweni, kuthi kusihlwa iqale ukucasha ngaphansi kweqhwa, icwile ngenhla iye eqhweni elixegayo futhi yenza umhubhe ojulile kuyo.
Zinyakaza futhi zinezindlu zokwakha izidleke, izinyoni zikhonkotha eqhweni. Ukulungiswa kwezindawo zokukhosela eqhweni kungalungiswa ngezigaba, ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihamba kancane, ukusunduza umgodi ngamaphiko kujule ngama-50 cm.
Ngesikhathi samakhaza amabi kakhulu, ukuba sezindlini zokukhosela kukhula kakhulu. I-grouse emnyama ingaphuma kuphela ngaphansi kweqhwa ukondla amahora angu-1-2. Uma kungekho muntu ohlupha izinyoni, ziphuma kancane emigodini, zihambe amamitha ambalwa bese zisuka.
Ukufudumala kwasebusika, okubandakanya ukwakheka koqweqwe lweqhwa, nezithiyo zokutakula ezidlekeni zeqhwa, kuba yinkinga ezinyonini.
Ukuhlala ngaphansi kweqhwa akukunciphisi ukuqapha kwama-braids ngokuzwa okuhle. Uzwa ukweqa kukanogwaja, igundane lempungushe, nokunyakaza kwe-lynx. Uma imisindo ivela eduze kwenkohliso ebomvu enwabuzelayo noma iqhwa leqhwa elisuka eqhweni labazingeli, i-black grouse ngekhanda ishiya imigudu futhi inyamalale ngokushesha.
Entwasahlobo, imihlambi iyahlukana kancane kancane. I-grouse emnyama ilwela ukufudumala imisinga, igcwele imisebe eduze nemiphetho evulekile. Ama-braids anezitha ezanele: izimpungushe namasabula, izingulube zasendle nama-martens, oklebe nezikhova. I-grouse emnyama enemilenze emine nezimpaphe iyisilwane esihlwabusayo.
Ukuqothulwa kwezinyoni okukhulu kunakho konke kuvunyelwe ngumuntu. Abazingeli, ngemuva kokufunda ngemvelo yokuqapha, kepha, ngasikhathi sinye, inyoni ekhohliseka kalula, ingathatha lonke uzalo ngasikhathi sinye. Imisebenzi yezomnotho: ezokuvakasha, ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo nezintambo zikagesi, ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo eyihlane, - kukhama i-grouse emnyama ezindaweni zayo ezijwayelekile.
Ukudla okunomsoco omnyama
Ukudla kusekelwe ekudleni kwemifino. Ngenkathi efudumele, kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla yokuqala, ama-willows, aspens, alder, amaqabunga anamanzi namajikijolo e-bird cherry, i-blueberry, i-blueberry, i-rose yasendle, imbewu ye-sedge iba ukudla.
Ukudla kwezilwane okuyizinhlobo zezinambuzane nezimbungulu ezincane nakho kuyingxenye yokudla kwazo, kuyisici ikakhulukazi ukuthi amaphuphu ondliwa ngezinambuzane ze-grouse. Ngokugaya ukudla okuvamile, izinyoni, njengezihlobo zazo, zikhipha amatshe amancane nembewu eqinile - ama-gastroliths.
I-grouse emnyama ekwindla ulwela amasimu lapho izilimo zihlala khona. Kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala, bazulazula ngemihlambi befuna okusanhlamvu okusele. Ebusika, okuphakelayo kusekelwe kuma-birch buds nakuma-catkins. Uma kungenele ngokwanele, amahlumela amancane anciphisa.
Abesifazane be-grouse emnyama banezimpaphe ezithambile ze-motley
Esikhathini esinzima ehlathini okuphakelayo okumnyama kwe-grouse izinaliti zikaphayini nezigaxa, amajikijolo omjunipha. Njengoba zigcwalise isivuno ngokudla kweqhwa, izinyoni zigijimela esidlekeni ukuze zikufudumise ukudla ngemfudumalo yazo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Entwasahlobo, inkathi yokukhwelana iyaqala futhi Isikhathi sokumatanisa i-grouse emaphethelweni ehlathi, lapho abajwayele ukuhlangana khona endaweni efanayo. Abazingeli bazi izingcingo zabesilisa. Imvamisa abantu abangu-10-15 babuthana njengamanje, kepha ngokuncipha kwesibalo samanje, amakhanda ama-3-5 aba maningi.
Isikhathi samanje simaphakathi nesilinganiso kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noJuni. Ekugcineni iyaphazamiseka lapho izinyoni ziqala ukuncibilika.
Izinkulumo ze-Grouse - isithombe esikhangayo semvelo, esingaphezu kwesisodwa esichazwe ezincwadini. Izinyoni ezinhle ezibhekene nesimo sangemuva semvelo esihle ngezingoma ze-iridescent zenza umphumela we-cauldron ephilayo, ezwakala kusimo sezulu esicacile ngamakhilomitha ama-3.
Izidleke zihlelwe ngababili be-grouse phansi ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela amagatsha. Lezi yimigodi emincane enodoti wamahlamvu, amahlumela amancane, utshani, ubulembu nezimpaphe. Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda ayi-6-8 iyodwa izinsuku ezingama-22-23. Abesilisa ababambiqhaza ekunakekeleni inzalo. Abesilisa banesithembu, imvamisa kuba nabesifazane abaningi owesilisa ngamunye.
Isidleke esine-clutch yamaqanda sigadwe ngokuthembekile yi-grouse. Ngobuqili uyaphambuka, undiza aphume esidlekeni futhi ahehe umhlaseli aye ehlathini, futhi yena uqobo abuyele ku-clutch. Uhambisa amaphuphu asafufusa ayise kwenye indawo yokukhosela ephephile.
I-grouse ingumama okahle, evikela ngokungazideli amaphuphu emakhazeni nasekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezidlayo. Ngemuva kwesonto, abasha bazama ukundiza, futhi ngemuva kwenyanga nohhafu, impilo ezimele iqala.
Ekwindla, isikhathi sokukhwelana okuphindaphindiwe siqala, kepha hhayi njengokusebenza entwasahlobo. Kukhona nezimo ezaziwayo zamanje zasebusika eqhweni eMongolia, kepha lokhu kuyisimo esihlukile emvelweni. Ngokwemvelo, isilinganiso Isikhathi sokuphila se-grouse uneminyaka engu-11-13 ubudala.
Kuboniswe isidleke esimnyama esinamaqanda
Ukuzingelwa kwe-Black grouse
Black grouse ukuzingela - zakudala, eyaziwa isikhathi eside, enezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- ngosizo lweqhugwane;
- kusukela ekusetshenzisweni;
- kusukela emnyango.
Amathuna akhiwa kusuka ezihlahleni ezikhulayo nasemagatsheni akude kakhulu nesiza samanje esaziwayo. Ukuzingela kudinga ukuhlala isikhathi eside eqhugwaneni nokubekezela okukhulu, ukuze ungethusi izinyoni zisuke endaweni yazo ejwayelekile.
I-grouse emnyama kusuka kusondele abanjwe lapho evuza ngamaqembu amancane noma eyedwa. Umsebenzi womzingeli ukusondela ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sengoma yakhe. Uma kunezinyoni eziningi, umzamo owodwa ongaphumelelanga ungakwenza wethusa yonke i-grouse emnyama... Ngakho-ke, indlela yenziwa kulabo abanesizungu.
Ukuzingela okufanayo kusuka emnyango kufaka ukusondela ngehhashi noma ngesikebhe ogwini, okhethwe okwamanje. Ukuzingelwa kwe-Black grouse ekwindla evame ukwenziwa nezinja, futhi ebusika - ngezinyoni ezigxotshiwe. I-grouse emnyama ehlanganisiwe kusebenza njengeqhinga lezihlobo ezike zabona ilungu lomhlambi wazo emagatsheni.
Abathandi bemvelo abaningi bayazi nge-grouse emnyama, izici zayo, ukulwela nje kuphela ukuzingela kanye nezindlela zokupheka zokupheka i-grouse, kodwa futhi nokulondolozwa kwale nyoni enhle futhi esebenzayo yehlathi laseRussia.
