Incazelo kanye nezici ze-starling
Ngesikhathi sokukhulunywa izinyoni ezikhazimulayo abaningi bakhumbula ubuntwana babo nobusha babo, ukuthi bazenzela kanjani izindlu zezinyoni, ezazibizwa ngokuthi izindlu zezinyoni.
Esithombeni kukhanya i-amethiste
Yize ebuntwaneni, abaningi bebengacabangi ngakho, kepha noma kunjalo, ubudlelwane obunjalo buvela kwabaningi. Ngeshwa, ababaningi abantu abanolwazi ngempilo yale nyoni emangalisayo, abanye baze bacabange ukuthi izinkanyezi zibukeka kanjani, kepha lokhu kungalungiswa ngokubheka isithombe sezinkanyezi nangemva kokufunda amanothi ambalwa ngempilo yalezi zinyoni.
Okokuqala, ngithanda ukukuqaphela lokho inkanyezi ingeyomndeni onenkanyezi futhi ingeka-oda labantu abadlulayo. Ama-Starlings yizinyoni eziphakathi nendawo. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-20, izimpiko zifinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-13 ubude, umsila ubude ufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-6.
Lapho indiza, amaphiko kwesinye isikhathi afinyelela cishe kumasentimitha angama-40. Ngosayizi omncane kangako, le nyoni inesisindo esilinganiselwa kuma-gram angama-75. Naphezu kobuncane bayo, le nyoni ivame ukuheha ukunakwa.
Umbala wezinkanyezi uhluka ngobudala nangesikhathi sonyaka.
Umbala walezi zinyoni ubuye uthakazelise, ngoba kuye ngobudala nangesikhathi sale nyoni, kanye nangezici zocansi, kungahluka. Ama-Starlings ngokuvamile anezimpaphe ezimnyama ezine-sheen yensimbi. Kepha kukhona futhi ama-subspecies wezinkanyezi ezinombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi noma owethusi.
Ngentwasahlobo, banesikhathi se-molting, esiguqula kakhulu ukubukeka kwezinyoni. Ama-Starlings aba nsundu, kwesinye isikhathi abe namabala amnyama nansundu. Bese kancane kancane lo mbala uphinde ujwayeleke emehlweni abantu, kepha lolu shintsho luzothatha isikhashana.
Isizukulwane esisha sezinkanyezi, esingakancibiliki, naso sehlukile ngombala waso. Izinyoni zinombala onsundu onsundu, izimpaphe azinakho ukukhanya okukhethekile, kwesinye isikhathi amabala amhlophe ayabonakala ngaphansi komzimba. Izimpiko zezinkanyezi ezisencane ziyindilinga, kanti kwabadala iphiko libukhali.
Kodwa hhayi kuphela umbala wezimpaphe oguqukayo kule nyoni, umlomo nawo unesici esifanayo. Uqhwaku lwale nyoni olugobekile kancane, olubukhali futhi lube lude kunalokho okubizwa nge- "chameleon effect", okungokulandelayo: ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, uqhwaku luba phuzi, lolu wuhlobo lwesiginali sokuthi lenyoni isilungele ukukhwelana futhi izale inzalo. Isikhathi esisele sonke, uqhwaku lwenkanyezi olunombala omnyama.
Kulula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa owesifazane nowesilisa ngezici ezimbili - uqhwaku kanye nezimpaphe. Emlonyeni omnyama wale nyoni, ungabona ichashaza elincane, uhlobo locezwana, okwabesilisa olunombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha kowesifazane amachashaza azoba bomvu.
Uma ubheka izimpaphe, khona-ke kukhona umehluko ebulilini: abesifazane bazoba nezimpaphe ezimfushane esiswini nasesifubeni, kepha isifunda se-thoracic sabesilisa sizoba nezimpaphe ezinde. Izinyawo ze-Starlings zinombala obomvu ngokunsundu. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi le nyoni ihamba phansi ngezitebhisi, hhayi ukuthi igxume.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yenkanyezi
Mayelana nezinkanyezi kukhulunywa kakhulu ngabo njengabahlabeleli abakhulu futhi lokhu akuyona ingozi. Le nyoni ibonakala ngemisindo ehlukahlukene. Izwi labo liphakamisa imisindo efana nokushayelwa ikhwela, ukukhala, ukuhayiza ngisho nokukhala.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkanyezi zinesipho se-onomatopoeia. Ziyaziwa ukuthi ziyakwazi ukuqoqa nokukhiqiza izwi lezinyoni ezimnyama, ama-warblers, ama-lark, ama-orioles, izigwaca, kanye nama-jays.
Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi inkanyezi iyacula ngazo zonke izindlela. Ezinye izinkanyezi zize zikhumbule nokucula kwezinyoni ezingaphandle ezihlala emazweni ashisayo lapho izinkanyezi zifuduka khona.
Lalela izwi lenkanyezi
Kukholakala ukuthi konke izinkanyezi ezindiza zibheke eningizimu... Kodwa-ke, akunjalo. Izinga lokufuduka emazweni aseYurophu liyahlukahluka futhi lixhomeke ngqo ezimweni zezulu zesifunda esithile.
Amandla okundizela emazweni ashisayo akhula ukusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga. Izinkanyezi ziyandiza eningizimu yeYurophu, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika naseNdiya, lapha ungazitholaphi izinkanyezi ebusika obubandayo. Izinyoni zisuka ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba ziye maphakathi no-Okthoba.
Izinyoni zibuyela ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke kusenesikhathi, endaweni ethile ngoFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi, lapho kusekhona iqhwa ezindaweni eziningi. I-Skvortsov ithathwa njengesibonakaliso esihle kunazo zonke, ngokusho kwayo, lapho kuvela lezi zinyoni, intwasahlobo ingena ngamalungelo ayo aphelele, ifudumeza konke okuzungezile ngemfudumalo yayo futhi inikeze injabulo enkulu emvelweni ovuselelayo.
Eziduna zifika kuqala, bese kuthi ezesifazane zivele kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, noma ngemuva kwesonto. Lesi yisici sokufuduka kwalolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezindizayo.
Ukundiza kwezinkanyezi kungumbono okhethekile. Izinyoni zibuthana ngemihlambi emikhulu yezinyoni eziyizinkulungwane eziningana, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, zivumelane futhi zihle kakhulu zindiza phezulu esibhakabhakeni, zenze wonke amathuba ngokufana nangokuvumelanayo.
Ngezinye izikhathi izindiza ezinjalo zingadala ukuphazamiseka okuthile kubahlali bedolobha. Lapho umhlambi omkhulu uthuthela, umsindo wezinkanyezi ungaba namandla kangangokuba udlula umsindo wezimoto zedolobha emgwaqweni omatasa.
Ngokwemvelo, izinkanyezi ziyizinyoni ezingathi sína futhi ezimisele. Bayakwazi ukuba izimbangi ezibucayi zezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi emzabalazweni wendawo enhle kakhulu yokwakha izidleke.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila sezinkanyezi
Ukubukwa kwempilo yalezi zinyoni zasendle kukhombisile ukuthi izinkanyezi ziphila iminyaka engekho ngaphezulu kwengu-12. Kodwa-ke, lesi sikhathi sanele ngokwanele ukuzala izizukulwane ezingaphezu kwesisodwa sezindlalifa.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwezinkanyezi siqala entwasahlobo, lapho izinyoni zibuyela emazweni azo. Lapho nje owesilisa efika, futhi wenza kuqala, ngoba abesifazane bavela ngemuva kwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ngokushesha uqala ukufuna indawo enhle yokuhlala.
Ngalokhu, indlu yezinyoni, umgodi noma yimuphi umgodi, ngokwesibonelo, odongeni lwesakhiwo esidala noma indlu elahliwe, ifanelekile. Lapho nje owesilisa esekhethe "ikhaya", uhlala phansi eduze bese eqala ukucula kakhulu. Le ngoma iyisibonakaliso sokuthi indawo ihlala abantu futhi ngasikhathi sinye isebenza ukuheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane.
Lapho lezi zibhangqwana sezakhiwe, khona-ke ukwakhiwa kuqala ngokugcwele, lapho bobabili bebandakanyekile. Izidleke zakhiwa ngoboya bezilwane, amahlumela, amaqabunga, izimpande, ubulembu nezinye izinto. Iduna lingaba nezintokazi ezincane futhi linakekele abesifazane abaningi ngasikhathi sinye.
I-clutch ejwayelekile inamaqanda ama-4-6, anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okotshani ngaphandle kwama-specks nokunye okufakiwe. Iqanda ngalinye linesisindo esingaphezu nje kuka-6 amagremu. Inzalo ifukanyiswa kakhulu ngowesifazane, kanti eyeduna ingamfaka esikhundleni sayo ngenkathi idla. Isikhathi sokufukamela sihlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-12.
Amachwane azalwa engenakuzisiza futhi ethule. Owesilisa nowesifazane bashiya amatshwele esidlekeni futhi bandize beyofuna ukudla kwabo, ngenkathi benza lokhu ngasikhathi sinye. Izingane ezikhanyayo bazondla ngokudla okuthambile kwasekuqaleni, futhi njengoba bekhula, abazali babo babalethela ukudla okumbaxa: izintethe, iminenke, amacimbi amakhulu. Ezinsukwini ezingama-23 ngemuva kokuzalwa, amaphuphu asekulungele ukushiya isidleke ayohlala ngokuzimela.
Ukudla okunenkanyezi
Ukudla kwe-Starlings kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo nokudla okuvela ezilwaneni. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho ilanga lifudumala, kuvela isibungu esikhulu semisundu, esidla izinkanyezi ngokuzithandela. Zibuye zidle izibungu zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezivame ukulala ebhakabhakeni lezihlahla.
Ehlobo, ukudla kwezinkanyezi kuqukethe izintethe, izimvemvane, amacimbi nezibungu. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, abaphikisi ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo: imbewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, izithelo ezihlahleni, isibonelo, amapheya, ama-apula, ama-plums noma ama-cherries.
Isikole sezinkanyezi sithathwa njengento eyingozi emhlabeni wezolimo, ngoba singadala umonakalo omkhulu. Amasimu okusanhlamvu kanye nezivini kuvame ukusongelwa futhi kungaba yindawo yokudla eyintandokazi yezinyoni.
