Abaningi bajwayele isiliva bream, isakazeke ezindaweni eziningi zamanzi. Le nhlanzi akufanele ididaniswe nomfuyi, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo, esizozama ukuwuqonda. Ngaphezu kokubukeka, sizofunda futhi ngokuziphatha kwe-bream yesiliva, umlingiswa wayo, imikhuba yokudla, izici zesikhathi sokuzala kanye nesimo senani labantu bezinhlanzi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Gustera
I-Guster ingeyomndeni we-carp, ukuhleleka kwe-carps, uhlobo nezinhlobo ze-bream yesiliva, lapho inhlanzi kungukuphela kokumelwa, azikho ezinye izinhlobo ezitholakele. Yize i-bream yesiliva ingenawo ama-subspecies, le nhlanzi inenombolo enkulu yamanye amagama, konke kuncike esifundeni lapho ihlale khona.
Ngakho-ke, inhlanzi ibizwa ngokuthi:
- ingilazi yokukhulisa;
- ubukhulu;
- ukuphulula;
- ifulethi elincane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoIzinhlanzi zathola igama lazo langempela ngenxa yokuthi imvamisa zakha amaqoqo amakhulu kakhulu futhi aminyene (izikole eziminyene). Abadobi bathi akunakwenzeka ukugwedla ngisho nangesigwedlo ngalezo zikhathi.
Abathandi bokudoba i-silver bream bayabathanda ngenxa yobuningi babo nokungathobeki maqondana nemikhuba yokudla. Ngokubukeka nobudlelwano obuseduze, i-bream yesiliva iyafana ne-bream, ivame ukudideka nomfuyi, ngoba inomzimba osicaba kakhulu ezinhlangothini.
Kunokuhlukahluka okuningi okukhonjwe, lapho ungabona khona ukuthi yisigaxa sesiliva esiphambi kwakho, hhayi umfuyi:
- amehlo e-bream yesiliva makhulu kakhulu futhi abekwe phezulu kunalawo e-bastard, ahlukaniswa ngokuba khona komfundi omkhulu onamafutha;
- izikali zomfuyi zincane futhi zitholakala ngokuxinana, ithinti lethusi liyabonakala embaleni wabo, futhi ehlozini kuyisiliva;
- cishe akukho mucus wokuzivikela esikalini se-bream yesiliva, futhi i-bastard inenqwaba yayo;
- kunemisebe eminingi esinqeni sangasese se-bastard kune-bream yesiliva;
- i-bream yesiliva inamazinyo ayisikhombisa wepharyngeal, atholakala emigqeni emibili, i-bastard inikezwe ngomugqa owodwa wamazinyo, lapho kukhona khona ama-5 kuphela;
- umbala wamanye amaphiko we-bream yesiliva ubomvu ngokusawolintshi, kanti emhlabathini ungaphansi kwawo wonke umpunga.
Ukwazi ngalezi zinkanuko kwenza kube lula ukuthola ukuthi ngubani obanjwe. Ake sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe ezinye izici zesici sangaphandle se-bream yesiliva.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Fish white bream
Ekugcineni, i-bream yesiliva ingakhula ifike kuma-35 cm ubude futhi ibe nesisindo esingaba ngu-1.2 kg. Uma sikhuluma ngosayizi ojwayelekile wale nhlanzi, khona-ke ubude bawo buhluka kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-35 cm, nesisindo sabo - kusuka ku-500 kuye ku-700 amagremu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kukhona irekhodi lesisindo eliqoshiwe lama-gusters, eli-1.562 kg.
Umthethosisekelo wezinhlanzi ucwecwe ezinhlangothini, futhi maqondana nokuphakama ubukeka umude kakhulu. Endaweni engemuva kunokuthile okufana ne-hump, okugqama kuyona i-fin ende, ephinyiselwe. Umphetho we-caudal ubonakala nge-notch ejulile, ukuze ifane ngesimo semfoloko enezinhlangothi ezimbili. Isisu senhlanzi futhi sinamaphiko amakhulu, ngaphansi kwawo kunezindawo zomzimba ezingenazo izikali. Inhloko ye-bream yesiliva incane uma iqhathaniswa nomzimba wayo, ngakho-ke amehlo anjengezinhlanzi kuyo abukeka emane angabi nalutho futhi makhulu. Umlomo wesinhlanzi ubukeka ubuthuntu, futhi indawo lapho umlomo uthambeke khona kancane, kunalokho izindebe zezinhlanzi ezikhuluphele ziyabonakala ngokushesha.
Ividiyo: Gustera
Izikali ze-bream yesiliva zinamandla futhi zinkulu ngokubukeka, isihloko senhlanzi sipendwe ngomthunzi ompunga, ongakhipha amathoni amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaphiko omgogodla, omgogodla kanye nawokukhwabanisa anombala ompunga ngombala, kanti amaphiko atholakala esiswini nasezinhlangothini zekhanda anombala ompunga nophuzi futhi abomvu ngokusawolintshi. Esiswini nasezinhlangothini, inhlanzi imbozwe izikali zesiliva. Esiswini, sinombala okhanyayo, ocishe ube mhlophe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-thickener encane, isisindo sayo esingeqi amagremu ayi-100, yethiwa igama elithi Lavrushka, ngenxa yokuthi isimo senhlanzi sifana nezinhlaka zeqabunga le-bay.
Ihlala kuphi i-bream yesiliva?
Isithombe: Guster emanzini
Abantu abaningi kakhulu be-bream yesiliva bakhethe i-Western Europe. Izinhlanzi zivame ukutholakala emanzini aseSweden (engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe), eFinland, eNorway.
Kuhlalwa cishe kuwo wonke amachibi nemifula engemigodini yamalwandle alandelayo:
- Azovsky;
- IBaltic;
- Mnyama;
- ICaspian;
- Enyakatho.
Ngokuqondene nokunwebeka kwamanzi esifundazweni sethu, i-gustera yathanda ingxenye yayo yaseYurophu, ihlala:
- eUral;
- eMordovia;
- entshonalanga yeSiberia;
- emanzini emifula yezintaba zaseCaucasus.
I-Guster inesifo sokucobeka nobuvila obuthile, inhlanzi iziphethe kahle, ngakho-ke amanzi nawo athanda ukuzola, afudumele ngokwanele (kusuka kuma-degree ayi-15 anophawu lokuhlanganisa) Kuzici ezinjalo, kufana ne-bream. Phansi okuyisilika, embozwe ngobuningi bolwelwe, ubukhona bobumba buyipharadesi langempela le-bream yesiliva. Uthola izindawo ezinjalo ezithokomele endaweni yamachibi amakhulu, amachibi, imifula namachibi. Izinhlelo zemifula, ezithandwa yizihlahlana, zihlukaniswa ngokuba khona komsinga obuthakathaka wemigodi emikhulu engaphansi kwamanzi, amanzi asemuva, lapho indawo engezansi imbozwe isihlabathi nodaka.
Inhlanzi evuthiwe ichitha isikhathi esiningi ekujuleni, imvamisa iphosa ezansi kakhulu ezinsikeni nasezimileni zasemanzini. Amanzi asogwini akhanga kakhulu ezilwaneni ezisencane; kulula ezinhlanzini ezingenalwazi ukuthola ukudla lapho. Ngokuvamile, i-silver bream iyinhlanzi ehlala phansi, evame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingezansi zemifula. Ihlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zamanzi namaconsi, abonakala ngokuba khona kwezendlalelo ezibuyisiwe, lapho inhlanzi ithola khona isidlo.
Yini edliwa yi-bream yesiliva?
Isithombe: Gustera emfuleni
Imenyu yesiliva bream iyashintsha kuye ngokuvuthwa kwenhlanzi, futhi ukukhula kwayo kuhamba kancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zeminyaka ehlukene zihlala ezinhlakeni ezahlukahlukene zamanzi. Lapho indala yesiliva iba nkulu futhi iba nkulu, iba yizibungu ezinhlobonhlobo kanye nama-crustaceans ekudleni kwayo, kepha inani lama-mollusks liqala ukunqoba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuhlonishwa okuhlobene nesiliva bream, le nhlanzi ayisoze yahlanganyela ekudleni inyama yabantu, ayisoze yaluma njengohlobo lwayo (hhayi gazinga, noma amaqanda). Kumenyu yama-gusters, ungabona izitsha ezinemvelaphi yemifino namaprotheni.
Ngakho-ke, i-bream yesiliva ayiphikisi ukunambitha:
- ama-crustaceans amancane;
- izibungu ezihlukahlukene;
- izikelemu ezinamafutha amancane;
- ulwelwe kanye ne-detritus;
- i-caviar kanye nefry yezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi (ikakhulukazi ezibomvu);
- ama-molluscs amancane;
- izimila zasogwini;
- omiyane namaphilisi azungeza amanzi.
Uma sikhuluma ngezingibe ezisetshenziswa ngabadobi, yini ongayibamba nge-bream yesiliva, lapha-ke singabala amagama:
- izimpethu;
- izibungu;
- izikelemu zegazi;
- inhlama noma imvuthuluka yesinkwa;
- izimpukane ze-caddis;
- Ummbila osethinini.
Ekufuneni ukudla, kufakwa kufry eduze nasogwini, lapho ukudla kuvame ukugezwa khona ngamanzi, kanti umenzi wesiliva omkhulu futhi ovuthiwe uthola izibiliboco ekujuleni lapho kuhlala khona izimbaza, izinhlanzi ezithanda ukuzidla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Gustera
I-bream yesiliva ayinakho ukuhamba okukhulu nobuchule, isimilo sayo sihamba kancane, asithandi ukushesha, imvamisa izinhlanzi zibonakala zivilapha. IGustera ihola ukuhlala ngokuthula eduze kwe-bream nezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini ezifanayo. Ukuze uthole impilo yezinhlanzi ejabule futhi elinganisiwe, idinga indawo eyimfihlo, ethule lapho kunokudla okwanele khona. Lapho i-bream yesiliva ihlangabezana nabo bonke ubunzima nezingozi ezimlindele esemncane kakhulu futhi emncane kakhulu, yena, esevuthiwe, usuka endaweni esogwini eya ekujuleni, efuna izindawo ezivalekile ezinemigodi, iziqubu kanye nohlaza olumanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Guster yabo bobabili ubulili iyakhula futhi ikhule ngosayizi ezingeni elifanayo ngaphambi kokuvuthwa ngokocansi. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, abesilisa baqala ukusalela ngemuva kwabesifazane maqondana nokukhula, ngakho-ke, babukeka bancane kakhulu.
Izinyanga ezisebenza kakhulu nge-bream yesiliva yizikhathi ezisuka ku-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, lapho izinhlanzi zizalela khona. Ngemuva kokuzala, ungayibamba ngenkuthalo, ngoba izikole eziningi zezinhlanzi ziqala ukusakazeka zisuka ezindaweni ezizalela lapho zisendleleni. Abadobi baphawula ukuthi izinhlanzi zingathelwa ngamabhakede ngaphandle kokusebenzisa induku. UGustera uthanda ukubhukuda ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zamanzi ukuze athole ilanga. Inhlanzi ithanda ubusika emigodini enamanzi ajulile, yakhe amaqoqo amakhulu ezansi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Fish white bream
I-bream emhlophe ivuthwa ngokocansi cishe eminyakeni emithathu ubudala, kuze kube manje inhlanzi iphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, ingahambi ndawo. Isikhathi sokufuduka okuzala siqala ngo-Ephreli, lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lihluka kusuka kuma-degree ayi-16 kuye kwangama-18 ngesibonakaliso sokuhlanganisa, isikhathi sokuzala sithatha kuze kube ngoJulayi. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, i-silver bream yakha imihlambi emikhulu futhi eminyene, eqoqeka ngobuningi bayo.
Ukuze kuvundiswe, izinhlanzi zidinga amanzi athule futhi azolile, ngakho-ke isigaxa sesiliva sithatha into enhle ezindaweni ezithile:
- amachibi angajulile nezinkinga;
- amachibi asemanzini;
- amatheku;
- amadlelo agcwele amanzi.
Ukujula kwezindawo ezinjalo kuncane, futhi kunenani elikhulu lezinhlanzi ezihlangana phezu kwazo, ngakho-ke umsindo wokuqhuma kwamanzi uzwakala kude, okunikeza izindawo zokuqoqwa kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu. IGustera iyadla ngoludala, ngakho-ke indawo yokuzalela eyithandayo ihlala injalo unyaka nonyaka, inhlanzi ayishintshi indawo ekhethwe kanye. Inqubo yokuzala yenzeka kusihlwa futhi ibonakala ngomsebenzi wobudlova nomsindo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Esikhathini sokumatanisa, abakwaGustera cavaliers bagqoka "amasudi omshado". Ekhanda nasezinhlangothini, zakha ama-tubercles amhlophe, bese kuthi emaphikweni asemaceleni nasesinqeni kubonakale umbala obomvu ngokugqamile.
IGuster ingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi inhlanzi ezala kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, insikazi, ngosizo lwezinhlangothi zayo ezinamathelayo, inamathela kuma-rhizomes angaphansi kwamanzi kanye ne-algae etholakala ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-60. Le nqubo ivame ukubambezeleka amasonto ambalwa. Owesifazane ovuthiwe futhi omkhulu angakhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela kwizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, izinhlanzi ezincane - kusuka kumaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi.
Ukuvuthwa kweCaviar kuthatha isikhathi sezinsuku eziyishumi, bese kuthosa ukuthosa, izingozi eziningi nezithiyo zibalindile, ngakho-ke akubona bonke abantu abakwaziyo ukusinda. Izingane cishe ngokushesha zigijimela endaweni engasogwini, lapho kulula khona ukuthola ukudla, okubandakanya izinhlayiya ze-zooplankton ne-algae. Lapho zikhula, zishintshela kuma-crustaceans amancane nama-molluscs. Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila se-bream yesiliva siyahluka kusuka eminyakeni eyi-13 kuye kwengu-15.
Izitha zemvelo ze-bream yesiliva
Isithombe: Gustera ebusika
Ngenxa yokuthi akusona isilwane esinolaka se-bream yesiliva, siziphatha ngokuthula nangokungenangozi, sinosayizi omncane, le nhlanzi inezitha eziningi. Inhlanzi kufanele ibekezelele izingozi nobunzima obuningi ukuze ifinyelele eminyakeni ehloniphekile nosayizi ohlaba umxhwele ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke inani elikhulu le-bream yesiliva alisekho kulezi zinsuku. Izinhlanzi eziningi, eziminzile, ezidlayo azikuphikisi ukuba nesidlwana esine-bream encane yesiliva, gazinga namaqanda, phakathi kwazo kukhona i-perch, ruff, carp. Ama-crayfish, amaxoxo kanye nezinye izakhamuzi zamanzi asogwini bathanda ukunambitha i-caviar.
Abasengozini enkulu yizinhlanzi ezincane ezihlala eduze nogu emanzini angajulile, lapho ziba yizisulu hhayi kuphela zezinye izinhlanzi, kepha nezinyoni nezilwane ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zamathumbu (ama-tapeworms) zivame ukuthelela i-bream yesiliva, njengamanye ama-cyprinids. Izinhlanzi ezigulayo zifa ngokushesha, ngoba akakwazi ukuhola indlela yakhe ejwayelekile yokuphila. Imisebe engajwayelekile, esebenzayo, ne-ultraviolet nayo iba yingozi enkulu emaqandeni okudoba, afakwa emanzini angajulile, avele ome futhi abulawe yilanga elishisayo. Phakathi kwezitha ze-bream yesiliva kungabalwa nomuntu ohola ukudoba kuyo, noma kungenjalo ngobuningi bezohwebo.
Abantu abanamthelela kubantu bezinhlanzi hhayi kuphela lapho bedoba kuphela, kepha futhi nangokungaqondile uma bengcolisa imizimba yamanzi kanye nemvelo jikelele, bomisa imizimba eminingi yamanzi, baphazamise nempilo yama-biotopes emvelo. Ukushintshashintsha kwesizini okunamandla ezingeni lamanzi nakho kungaba yinhlekelele yangempela enanini elikhulu lamaqanda esiliva, ngakho-ke kunenqwaba yezifiso ezimbi nezimo ezimbi empilweni yale nhlanzi ezolile, ecacile futhi engaqondile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Gustera emfuleni
Ngaphandle kokuthi kunezinto ezingezinhle ezithinta inani labaphuli besiliva, iningi labantu lihlala lisezingeni eliphakeme impela. Ngokwesigaba samazwe omhlaba, kungokwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezisongelwa kakhulu, i.e. ngenkathi isimo sabantu bakhona singabangeli ukwesaba, okungeke kodwa kujabule.
Ochwepheshe abaningi baqinisekisa ukuthi manje ukusatshalaliswa kwale nhlanzi akukukhulu njengakudala, iphutha lakho konke yisimo sengqondo sobudedengu besimo semvelo jikelele. Le nhlanzi ihlala inqwaba emadanyini ahlukahlukene ngenxa yokuthi inokuzala okukhulu nokungathobeki maqondana nokulutha kokudla. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile elithinta ukunakekelwa kwenani labantu elizinzile le-bream yesiliva ukuthi akusiyo eyenhlanzi eyigugu yezentengiselwano, ngakho-ke abadobi abayizimfundamakhwela kuphela ababamba iqhaza kuyo, ngoba ukunambitheka kwezinhlanzi kumane nje kuhle kakhulu. Okuqukethwe kwamavithamini namaminerali enyameni ye-gusher kukhombisa usizo lwayo emzimbeni womuntu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IGuster ingabizwa ngokutholwa kwangempela kubo bonke labo abanciphisa isisindo, inyama yayo ingukudla, amagremu ayi-100 ezinhlanzi aqukethe ama-kcal angama-96 kuphela.
Ngakho-ke, inani le-bream yesiliva ligcina ubuningi balo, le nhlanzi, njengakuqala, ihlala emizimbeni eminingi yamanzi ngobuningi. Akusikho okwezinhlobo ze-Red Book zesiliva esiphundu; ayidingi izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuzivikela. Kusala sethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzoqhubeka ngokuzayo. Ekuphetheni, kusala ukubabaza ukuqina nomoya onamandla we-bream yesiliva, okuthi, ukunqoba ubunzima obuningi nezikhathi eziyingozi, kugcine inani lezinhlanzi zalo ezingeni eliphakeme.
Ekuboneni kokuqala, isiliva bream kubonakala kujwayelekile futhi kungamangalisi, kepha, ngemuva kokuqonda kahle impilo yakhe, uzofunda izikhathi eziningi ezithakazelisayo nemininingwane yesici, eyenza isithombe esiphelele sobukhona bakhe bezinhlanzi obumangalisayo nobunzima.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/22/2020
Usuku lokuvuselela: 30.01.2020 ngo-23: 37
