Cishe wonke umuntu olizwayo izwi nhlapho ngokushesha ukhumbula ukunambitheka kwale nhlanzi encane. Kudume kakhulu ukuthi ngeke uze uhlangane nomuntu ongakaze azame. Sinesithakazelo esikhulu ku-capelin hhayi kumagama we-gastronomic, kodwa emkhakheni wezinhlanzi zawo. Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi le ngane iyisilwane esidlayo. Ake sizame ukuthola kabanzi ngale nhlanzi, siqala ngomlando wemvelaphi yayo nezici zangaphandle futhi sigcine ngenani lemfuyo, kepha singakhohlwa ukusho amaqiniso athakazelisa kakhulu ahlobene ne-capelin.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Capelin
UCapelin ubizwa nangokuthi uyok, yizinhlanzi eziphindwe ngemisebe zohlelo lwe-smelt, umndeni onukayo kanye nohlobo lwe-capelin. Ngokuvamile, lo mndeni wezinhlanzi uhlukaniswa ngabamele abancane, ubude bawo obungafika kuma-40 cm, kepha imvamisa ubude bezinhlanzi abudluli umkhawulo wamasentimitha angama-20, ofanele imingcele ye-capelin. Umzimba we-smelt unesimo esivulekile, futhi umbala uphethwe ngumbala wesiliva.
Uma uthi nhlá, i-capelin ingabonakala njengenhlanzi encane engacacisiwe, okuyizikali ezingabonakali kuyo impela. Ekhuluma ngosayizi we-capelin, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ubukhona be-dimorphism yezocansi kule nhlanzi. Abesilisa baseCapelin bakhulu ngosayizi, banesifinyana esikhombe kanye namaphiko aluhlaza. Abesifazane bancane, babukeka ngokwejwayelekile, kepha bane-caviar emnandi. Ngaphambi kokuzala kuzala kwabesilisa, kuvela okuthile okunjengezikali ezinamakhanda, ezifana nezinwele. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi bayadingeka ukuze basondelane nabesifazane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yalezi zikali, ezisezinhlangothini zomzimba wezinhlanzi, umFulentshi ubiza umfundisi we-capelin
Ekhuluma ngegama lezinhlanzi, kufanele kungezwe ukuthi inezimpande ze-Karelian-Finnish. Leli gama lisho izinhlanzi ezincane ezisetshenziselwa ukudoba ukudoba izinhlanzi ezinkulu (ikakhulukazi i-cod). NgesiFinnish, igama elithi "maiva" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "inhlanzi emhlophe emhlophe". Izakhamuzi ezikhuluma isiRashiya eMpumalanga Ekude zibiza lezi zinhlanzi ngokuthi "uyok". Abanye ososayensi bezocwaningo bakhuluma ngama-subspecies amabili we-capelin, ahlukaniswa izindawo zokuhlala unomphela.
Zihlukanisa:
- I-Atlantic capelin;
- I-Pacific capelin.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Capelin fish
Usayizi we-capelin mncane, ubude bomzimba wakhe buhluka kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-25 cm, futhi isisindo saso ngokuvamile asidluli amagremu angama-50. Njengoba sekushiwo, abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi i-capelin enkulu kunazo zonke ihlala oLwandle lwaseJapan. Abesilisa bale nhlanzi bangamasentimitha angama-24 ubude futhi banesisindo esingamagremu angama-54.
Umzimba we-capelin uvulekile, uhlanjululwe, uthambile ezinhlangothini. Inhlanzi inekhanda elincane, kepha ihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwegebe lomlomo elibanzi. Amathambo emihlathi ephezulu yale nhlobo yezinhlanzi agcina esifundeni esiphakathi kwamehlo. UCapelin ungumnikazi wamazinyo aphakathi nendawo, amaningi, abukhali kakhulu futhi akhule kahle. Izikali zikaCapelin azibonakali kangako. Zitholakala kulo lonke ubude bomugqa ohlangothini, ezinhlangothini zombili maqondana nesisu senhlanzi, kufaka emuva nangemuva. Amaphiko e-rhomboid ngemuva abuyiselwa emuva. Amaphiko wepectoral ahlukaniswa nokuma okungunxantathu, ofushaniswe kancane engxenyeni engenhla, futhi oyindilinga phansi. Zitholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda.
Isici esicacile se-capelin ubukhona be-edging emnyama emaphikweni, ngakho-ke kungabonakala kalula njengophawu. Ithoni enkulu yomzimba wezinhlanzi isiliva. Ummango unombala oluhlaza okotshani ngombala, kanti isisu sikhanya, ungabizwa ngokuthi umhlophe-silvery ngokuba khona kwamachashazi amancane ansundu. Umzimba wezinhlanzi unemikhawulo encane ye-caudal, enesici sokuhlukaniswa phakathi kobude bayo. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi le notch ye-caudal fin ibonakala ngokubunjwa kwe-angle elungile uma uyibheka ohlangothini.
Uhlala kuphi uCapelin?
Isithombe: Capelin olwandle
ICapelin yinhlanzi yasolwandle kuphela esezinze ebunzimeni bamanzi olwandle nolwandle. Imvamisa le nhlanzi inqoba ukujula kusuka kumamitha angama-200 kuye kwangama-300, ukuhambisa izikole zezinhlanzi nokujule kakhulu kuyivelakancane. UCapelin uphila impilo ehlangene, akha izikole ezincane, ezanda kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzala, ezimele izikole ezinkulu zezinhlanzi. UCapelin akaze angene emanzini omfula nakweminye imizimba yamanzi angenasawoti. Izinhlanzi zithanda indawo evulekile yolwandle, ukuhlangana endaweni esogwini kuphela lapho kuzalwa.
Uma sihlaziya indawo yokuhlala ye-capelin yi-subspecies yayo, ngakho-ke akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezinhlanzi zase-Atlantic zikhethe amanzi ase-Atlantic, kodwa futhi kuyenzeka:
- oLwandle i-Arctic;
- emanzini eDavis Strait;
- emanzini abandayo aseNorway;
- kukholamu lamanzi laseLabrador;
- endaweni yaseGreenland.
ICapelin ibuye ihlale esikhaleni sezinye izilwandle zasenyakatho, ihlangana:
- Mhlophe;
- I-Karsk;
- Barents;
- Chukotka;
- Laptev ulwandle.
Ama-subspecies asePacific ahlala oLwandlekazi iPacific, ancamela izifunda zawo ezisenyakatho, anweba afinyelela ogwini lwaseKorea naseVancouver Island, eseduze neCanada. Ezilwandle zaseJapane, iBering ne-Okhotsk, izinhlanzi nazo zizizwa zihle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokufika kukaJuni, izakhamizi zezifundazwe ezithile zaseCanada zinethuba elimangalisayo lokuqoqa inani elidingekayo le-capelin. Ukuze benze lokhu, badinga nje ukuhamba ngasogwini, lapho izinhlanzi zibhukuda khona ukuze zizale ngobuningi obukhulu.
Ngokuqondene nezwe lethu, esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuzala (lokhu kungaba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla) izinhlanzi ziqoqana ngemihlambi emikhulu, zilibangise ogwini oluseMpumalanga Ekude. Lapho kugadla isiphepho, endaweni yaseRussia Far Eastern ungabona izinhlanzi eziningi zigezelwe ogwini, futhi kumakhilomitha amaningi entambo ye-surf, izindawo ezinkulu zimbozwe ungqimba oluqinile lwe-capelin oluze lapha ukuzala.
Udla ini uCapelin?
Isithombe: Sea capelin
Yize i-capelin ingaphumanga ngosayizi, umuntu akumele akhohlwe ukuthi iyisilwane esidla ezinye, futhi siyasebenza impela, njengoba kufanele wonke amanci. Ubufakazi balesi sitatimende ubukhona bamazinyo amancane, kodwa abukhali kakhulu, asemlonyeni wenhlanzi ngobuningi bawo. Imenyu ye-capelin ifaniswe nesidlakudla esincane, esingakwazi ukukhokhela isidlo esikhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwe-capelin kuqukethe:
- i-caviar yezinye izinhlanzi;
- zooplankton;
- izibungu zezimfanzi;
- izibungu zasolwandle;
- ama-crustaceans amancane.
Kumele kungezwe ukuthi umsebenzi we-capelin uphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi zihlala zifuna ukugcwalisa izinqolobane zamandla, ezisetshenziselwa ukufuduka okude nokufuna ukudla. Kulokhu, i-capelin idla nasebusika, okwenza ihluke kwezinye izinhlanzi eziningi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimbangi zokudla eziyinhloko ze-capelin yi-herring ne-salmon encane, ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla okuyi-zooplankton futhi.
Ukufingqa lesi sigaba, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi i-capelin, njengoba ifanele inhlanzi edlayo, idla imikhiqizo yezilwane. Uma wayengemncane kangako ngosayizi, khona-ke wayezojabula ngokudla okulula nezinye izinhlanzi, okungukuthi, ngeshwa le-capelin, hhayi amazinyo akhe amancane ezinhlanzi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Capelin emanzini
ICapelin iyinhlanzi efundela olwandle ekhetha ukuba khona ngokuhlanganyela. Yakha ukunqwabelana okukhulu ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala, futhi empilweni yansuku zonke izama ukugcina emihlambini emincane. ICapelin ithanda izingqimba zamanzi aphezulu, imvamisa ihlala ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-300, kepha kwesinye isikhathi yehle iye ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-700. Kuphela lapho inhlanzi izalela khona lapho ibhukuda iye ogwini lolwandle, ngalesi sikhathi itholakala emfuleni.
Ingxenye enkulu yempilo yayo yezinhlanzi, i-capelin isatshalaliswa emkhathini wolwandle, ihlala ifuduka ibanga elide ifuna izindawo ezinokudla okuningi okulungele yona. Isibonelo, i-capelin, ehlala oLwandle iBarents futhi eduze nogu lwase-Iceland, iya ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho yeNorway naseKola Peninsula ebusika nasentwasahlobo ukuze yenze amaqanda. Ngezikhathi zasehlobo nasekwindla, yona le nhlanzi igijimela eduze nezindawo ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga nasenyakatho, ifuna indawo yokudla ecebile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuhamba kwesizini kwe-capelin kuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza kwemisinga yolwandle. Izinhlanzi zilwela ukubalandela ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba imisinga yenza ukudluliswa kweplankton, okuyisitsha esikhulu kumenyu ye-capelin.
Ngakho-ke, kungabonakala ukuthi impilo ye-capelin inamandla amakhulu, equkethe ukufuduka kwesizini. UCapelin uyasebenza kakhulu, uyiselula, uhlala efuna ukudla, ngisho nasebusika obufile futhi obubandayo abangeni esimweni sokugqwayiza okumisiwe, kepha uyaqhubeka nokufuna ukudla futhi adle ukuze abe namandla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Capelin
Njengoba sesitholile ngaphambili, i-capelin iyinhlobo yezinhlanzi ezifundayo. Isikhathi sokuzala sincike ngqo esifundeni lapho kufakwa khona izinhlanzi njalo. Izinhlanzi ezihlala entshonalanga yePacific nolwandle i-Atlantic ziqala ukuzala entwasahlobo, ziqhubeke nale nqubo ehlobo lonke, kuze kube sekupheleni. I-East Atlantic capelin izala ekwindla, okuyisimo futhi sezinhlanzi ezihlala empumalanga ye-Pacific Ocean.
Ngaphambi kohambo lokuzala, imihlambi emincane ye-capelin iqala ukuhlangana, iphenduke izikole ezinkulu zezinhlanzi, ezibalelwa ngaphezu kwesigidi sezinhlanzi. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu kangaka ziqala ukuthuthela ezindaweni lapho zihlala zizalela khona. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sesiphepho izinhlanzi eziningi, ezilwela izindawo ezizala, ziphonswa ogwini ngamashumi ezinkulungwane, zimboza indawo esogwini amakhilomitha ambalwa, lokhu kungabonakala eFar East nasogwini lwaseCanada.
Ukuze izale izinhlanzi, izinhlanzi zikhetha izindunduma zesihlabathi ezivulekile, lapho ukujula kungashoni khona. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ekwenzeni inzalo ephumelelayo nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamaqanda ukusuthiswa okwanele kwamanzi nge-oxygen kanye nolawulo olufanele, lwamanzi, lokushisa (ama-2 - 3 degrees anophawu lokuhlanganisa).
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukuze ukhiqize ngempumelelo amaqanda, insikazi ye-capelin idinga usizo lwababili besilisa ngasikhathi sinye, abasebenza njengabo abahamba nabo lapho beya lapho kuzalela khona. Abagibeli bamahhashi babanjwa ezinhlangothini, ezinhlangothini zombili zothando lwabo.
Njengoba zibhukuda zaya endaweni efanele, abesilisa baqala ukumba izimbobo ngaphansi kwesihlabathi, lokhu bakwenza ngemisila yabo. Kulemigodi, insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda, anokunamathela okuhle, ngokushesha anamathele phansi. Ubukhulu bobubanzi bamaqanda amancane buhluka kusuka ku-0.5 kuye ku-1.2 mm, futhi inani lazo lingaba kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-36 izingcezu eziyizinkulungwane, konke kuncike ezifundeni zokuhlala. Esikhathini esiningi, inani lamaqanda ku-clutch eyodwa lingahle libe yizicucu eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5 kuya kweziyishumi nambili. Ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuzala, i-capelin ibuyela emuva ezindaweni lapho ihlala khona unomphela; akuzona zonke lezi zinhlanzi ezibuyele ekhaya ezizobamba iqhaza ekuzaleni okulandelayo.
Ukuvela kwesibungu se-capelin kusuka emaqandeni kwenzeka ngemuva kwesikhathi esiyizinsuku ezingama-28 kusukela ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwawo. Mancane kakhulu futhi alula, ngakho-ke aqhutshwa ngokushesha yilo msinga olwandle. Akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukuphenduka izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe, inani elikhulu lezibungu zifa kusuka kwezinye izidalwa. Labo abanenhlanhla eyanele yokuphila bakhula futhi bavuthwe ngokushesha. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi benonyaka owodwa, kanti abesilisa basondele ezinyangeni eziyi-14 noma eziyi-15 ubudala. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi yonke impilo yokuphila kwe-capelin icishe ibe yiminyaka eyi-10, kepha inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, aliphili lapho liguga.
Izitha zemvelo zika capelin
Isithombe: I-Capelin fish
Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi i-capelin encane igcwele izitha, zombili ulwandle nomhlaba. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla ezinye, i-capelin ivame ukukhonza njengenye yezinto eziphambili kwimenyu yabo yansuku zonke.
Lezi zimpilo zasolwandle zifaka:
- umbumbulu;
- ingwane;
- ikhodi.
I-Cod ihlale ihambisana ne-capelin ngenkathi inyakaza, ngakho-ke ihlinzeka ngenqwaba yemithombo yokudla. Ngaphezu kwekhodi, abanye abathandi bale nhlanzi emnandi, emelwe yizimpawu, imikhomo ebulalayo nemikhomo, nabo baphuthuma ohambweni olude ngemuva kwezikole ezinkulu ze-capelin.
Ngaphezu kwezilwane zasolwandle, i-capelin iyisakhi esiyinhloko sokudla kwezinyoni eziningi eziphila kule nhlanzi. Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi izinhlanzi nazo zilandela izikole ze-capelin lapho ziya ezindaweni zokuzalela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inani elikhulu lezinyoni e-Kola Peninsula lingaba khona ngenxa yokuthi amanzi asogwini agcwele i-capelin, esebenza njengesisekelo sokudla kwale nyoni.
I-capelin nayo inesitha esisodwa esibi kakhulu, okungumuntu owenza ukudoba. ICapelin sekuyisikhathi eside ibhekwa njengenhlanzi yezentengiso ebanjwa ngobuningi ezindaweni zokuthunyelwa kwayo unomphela. Kuyaziwa ukuthi, kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, i-capelin iye yavunwa ngezinga elikhulu, ubukhulu bayo obumangalisayo nje.
Phakathi kwamazwe ahamba phambili maqondana nokubanjwa kwe-capelin okwamanje:
- ENorway;
- ECanada;
- IRussia;
- I-Iceland.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunobufakazi bokuthi ngonyaka we-2012 ukudotshwa komhlaba kwe-capelin kwaba ngaphezu kwamathani ayisigidi, futhi izinhlanzi ezincane kakhulu ziyabanjwa, iminyaka yazo isukela ku-1 kuye eminyakeni emi-3, nobude - kusuka ku-11 kuye ku-19 cm.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Atlantic capelin
Yize i-capelin ibanjwe ezigidini zamathani, akuyona eyenhlobo yezinhlanzi evikelekile, ayikho ohlwini lweRed Book. Amazwe amaningi azama ukwenza imizamo yokwandisa isibalo semfuyo yawo. Emuva ngawo-80s wekhulu elidlule, izilinganiso zethulwa kwamanye amazwe ukulawula ukubanjwa kwe-capelin. Manje i-capelin ayinayo ngisho nesimo sokulondolozwa, ngoba inani lezinhlanzi likhulu ngokwanele, futhi kunzima ukulinganisa inani lalo. Imininingwane ethile enombolweni yalezi zinhlanzi ayikatholakali.
ICapelin iyinhlanzi ebiza kakhulu kwezentengiselwano, futhi okuyisixhumanisi esiyinhloko ekuphumeleleni nasekuchumeni kobukhona bezinye izinhlanzi nezilwane ezondla, ikakhulukazi, kule nhlanzi ethile. Inani le-capelin manje lisezingeni eliphakeme ngokungaguquki, kepha ukubanjwa kwalo okukhulu nokufa kwabantu abaningi ngesikhathi sokufuduka kunomthelela omkhulu enanini lezinhlanzi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Njalo ngonyaka eMurmansk, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kubanjwa umkhosi we-capelin, kulo mcimbi awukwazi ukunambitha kuphela zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kepha futhi ubeke i-capelin ngentengo ekhangayo (ephansi).
Kuyabonakala ukuthi inani lezinhlanzi unyaka nonyaka lingahluka ngokungalingani, lokhu kuthonywa yizici ezahlukahlukene, kuncike kakhulu ezimweni ezithile zendawo yezinhlanzi, ngakho-ke abantu kufanele baqiniseke ukuthi bayathandeka hhayi kuphela ngokuphila, kepha nangokukhiqiza inzalo, ngakho-ke futhi inani labantu base-capelin lizokhula.
Ekugcineni, kusala ukwengeza lokho noma kunjalo nhlapho futhi incane, kepha le nondescript, uma uthi nhlá, inhlanzi ibamba iqhaza elibalulekile, kokubakhona kwezinye izilwane nasempilweni yomuntu, ngakho-ke, ukubaluleka kwayo okukhulu akufanele kubhekwe phansi. Yize kungeyona eyezibiliboco zokudla kwasolwandle, kusaziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni kwansuku zonke. ICapelin ingabizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi isixhumanisi esingabizi, kepha esihlwabusayo futhi esiwusizo ekudleni okunempilo.Inani elikhulu lokupheka lokupheka linikezelwe ku-capelin, futhi izazi zokudla zithi kuyinqolobane yangempela yamavithamini namaminerali, enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/15/2020
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 16.01.2020 ngo-16: 27
