Broody - Lokhu kungenye yama-subspecies we-gull. Uma siyiqhathanisa ne-Ivory ne-Herring Gulls, khona-ke inosayizi omncane womzimba, nomzimba obuthaka ngokwengeziwe, onomusa. Umbala wezimpaphe umnyama, futhi uhlala ikakhulu ogwini olusenyakatho neRussia, nakwezinye izindawo zaseBelarus. Esinye isici esivelele salolu hlobo lwama-gulls amaphiko amakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi angakwazi ukunqoba kalula amabanga amade futhi ayofuna ukudla ngisho nasolwandle oluvulekile.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Klusha
UKlusha ungowezilwane ezilandelanayo, wabelwe isigaba sezinyoni, i-oda le-Charadriiformes, umndeni we-gull, uhlobo lwe-gull. Ayikho imininingwane eqondile engavumela ukubuyisa ukulandelana kwesikhathi kwemvelaphi nokuvela kwale nyoni. Emithonjeni yasendulo kakhulu, i-bald gull ibizwa ngokuthi inyoni ehlotshaniswa nemizimba yamanzi.
Ividiyo: Klusha
Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babedlulisa isizukulwane ngesizukulwane inganekwane yalezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo. Incazelo yalo kwakuwukuthi umthakathi omubi wathola amantombazane amancane kunawo wonke futhi abukekayo futhi wabakhohlisa emachibini ajulile. Wayenomona ngobuhle, ubusha nokusha kwamantombazane amancane, ngakho-ke wazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukubenza babhukude echibini elijulile, elibi, elathatha ubuhle abasebasha ingunaphakade. Kodwa-ke, imiphefumulo yabo ekhanyayo yazalwa kabusha yaba izinyoni ezimhlophe futhi yahlala eduze kwechibi. Ngemuva kwalokho, basiza ngaphezu kwamatilosi ngaphezulu ababedukile.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu abaningi baye babona ama-gull njengengxenye ebalulekile yolwandle. Abantu abaningi bayazazisa lezi zinyoni ngokukwazi kwazo ukugcina ugu lwemizimba yamanzi ihlelekile. Kwamanye amazwe, kunalokho, kubhekwa njengezimpawu zobubi nobuqili. Izinyoni zivame ukuqhathaniswa nabantu abakhohlakele nabanobuqili obukhulu ngenxa yokuthi bonakalisa izinto ezingaphambili zezakhiwo bese bantshontsha ukudla kubantu, babambe nabadobi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ifindo
Yize inyoni incane kakhulu ngosayizi ezihlotsheni zayo, iseyinyoni ezinkulu. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-45-60. Isisindo somzimba sisuka ku-400 kuye ku-1000 amagremu. Ezinyonini, i-dimorphism yezocansi iyavezwa - abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane.
Iqiniso Elijabulisayo: Ama-Clucks anezimpiko ezinkulu ngokwanele. Kwabanye abantu, kufinyelela kumasentimitha angu-140-150!
Izinyoni zinomsila ophakathi nendawo ozisiza ukuba zikwazi ukulinganisela nokugcina ibhalansi lapho indiza. Ubude baso ngokwesilinganiso cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Umzimba uvulekile, uhlanjululwe, izimpaphe zibekwe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye, zimbozwe nge-lubricant ekhethekile eqinisekisa ukungena kwamanzi.
Abamele lolu hlobo lwama-gulls banekhanda elincane, eliyindilinga elinomlomo omude, omncane. Ubude obujwayelekile bomlomo ngamasentimitha angu-4-5. Imvamisa iqonde, icindezelwe ngasemuva futhi igobele phansi ekugcineni. Uqhwaku lunemibala ephuzi ngokugqamile. Amehlo mancane futhi ayahamba. Isikhumba esiseduze kwamehlo asimboziwe izimpaphe, kepha sinemibala ebomvu noma i-burgundy.
Umbala wezimpaphe ubuswa yimpunga emhlophe mpunga. Ikhanda, intamo, isisu nomsila kumhlophe qwa. Umhlane ongaphezulu nezimpiko kunombala ompunga noma kucishe kube mnyama ngombala. Izimpiko zokundiza zesibili zinemibala emhlophe emsulwa ekugcineni.
Izitho zezinyoni zinombala ophuzi noma owolintshi. Lokhu futhi kuyisici esihlukanisayo kwezinye izinhlobo zamaqhubu, lapho zivame ukubomvana ngokugqamile ngombala. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi izingane ezingakafiki eminyakeni emine zihluke kakhulu ekubukeni kwabantu abadala futhi zifana nezinyoni zasolwandle ezimhlophe noma ezimhlophe.
Ihlala kuphi i-grouse?
Isithombe: Klusha eRussia
Indawo yokwabiwa kwezinyoni ayinabisi kakhulu. Iningi labantu lihlala ogwini olusenyakatho yeRussia Federation.
Indawo yokusabalalisa yezinyoni ezimnyama:
- Inhlonhlo Yase-Iberia;
- EScandinavia;
- ogwini lolwandle olusenyakatho endaweni yeRussian Federation;
- ingxenye esentshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yaseTaimyr;
- ugu loLwandle iBaltic;
- ugu loLwandle Olumhlophe;
- insimu yeGulf of Finland;
- ugu loLwandle lwaseLadoga;
- insimu yeLake Onega.
Inqwaba yabantu abamnyama i-grouse yizinyoni ezifudukayo. Izinyoni ezihlala enyakatho nasempumalanga yeYurophu zihamba amabanga amade, kokunye zifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-7000 - 8000. Ezinye izinyoni ziyahamba ziye e-Afrika.
Izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo ngokuvamile zindiza ziye ebusika emazweni afudumele aseningizimu. Ezimweni ezingavamile, izinyoni zazitholakala ngasogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika. Ukuze zihlale unomphela, izinyoni zakha izidleke. Zikhetha indawo eseduze nomthombo wokudla - idamu njengezindawo zokuhlala unomphela. Imvamisa, izidleke zibekwa ezindaweni ezingumgwadule, osebeni olunamadwala, emaweni, njll.
Manje uyazi lapho i-grouse itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi inyoni idlani.
Yini edliwa yi-nagger?
Isithombe: Cludge bird
UClusha wuhlobo lwezinkabi ezinempandla ezihlukaniswa njengezinyoni zasolwandle. Njengezinye izinhlobo zale nhlanzi, umthombo wokudla oyinhloko ukudla kwezilwane. I-Klushu ingabizwa kalula ngokuthi inyoni ecishe ibe yisidlakela, ngoba ayideleli noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla.
Yini efakiwe ekudleni kwezinkukhu:
- izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi;
- izimbaza;
- ama-crustaceans amancane;
- amabhungane;
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- amagundane amancane.
Izazi zezilwane ziye zachaza amacala lapho izinyoni ezimnyama zibhubhisa izidleke zezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni futhi zidla amaqanda azo. Izinyoni zivame ukwenza njengezilwane futhi zithathe ukudla okubanjiwe noma okuthathwe ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezincane. Amacala okudla ukudla kwezitshalo awakhishwa. Ebusweni bomhlaba, bangadla imbewu, amajikijolo, amahlamvu amnandi ezinhlobonhlobo zezimila.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-seagulls ayizinhlanzi zasolwandle, bavame ukuzingela emanzini futhi bathole ukudla lapho. Bangakhuphukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni futhi babheke inyamazane yabo lapho. Emanzini, izinyoni zibonisa izindlela ze-virtuoso zokuthola nokuthola ukudla.Laba bameleli bezinhlanzi bavame ukuhamba kahle ebusweni bomhlaba nangaphezulu kolwandle. Izinyoni zingahamba amabanga amade zifuna ukudla. Kaningi ungabona izinyoni eduze kwezikebhe zokudoba noma izindawo zokulahla izinhlanzi, iziteshi zokucubungula izinhlanzi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: UKlusha endizeni
Ngokwemvelo, izinyoni zinikezwe ubuhlakani obumangalisayo, ubuhlakani nobuqili. Kwesinye isikhathi bayamangala ngobuhlakani babo. Iningi labamele lolu hlobo lwezinyoni luthanda ukuhlala eduze kwabantu. Enye into edingekayo ukuze siphile ngokunethezeka ngezinyoni ezimnyama ukuba khona kwesiziba esiseduze nendawo ezihlala kuyo.
Izinyoni zizakhela izidleke zazo njengezindawo zokuhlala. Labo bantu abafudukela emazweni afudumele ngenkathi ebandayo bakhetha ukuhlala ezidlekeni ezilahliwe lapho bebuya, uma kungenzeka. Ukwakha isidleke, izinyoni ezimnyama zisebenzisa amagatsha ezihlahla, utshani obomile, ubulembu, izingcezu zomhlanga, njll. Izinkumbi zibhekwa njengezinyoni ezinamandla kakhulu ezidinga ukudla okuningi ukuze zikondle.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Banikezwe ngokwemvelo ubuhlakani obumangalisayo. Njengoba zibambe imollusk olwandle, izinyoni zikhuphukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni bese ziphonsa igobolondo etsheni lize livuleke.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izinhlanzi eziningi zaqala uhambo olude. Abanye basondela eduze komuntu - baye edolobheni. I-Kluzhi kalula futhi isheshe ijwayele cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo. Abasabi nakancane abantu, kunalokho, bazama ukusondela ngangokunokwenzeka futhi bavame ukucela ukudla kubo. Akuvamile ukuthi izinhlanzi zasolwandle zenze imisindo eminingi. Kodwa-ke, uma bebona ukusondela kwengozi noma isitha sisondela, lapho-ke bangenza imisindo efana neyenqwaba yamadada.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Pair kaKlush
Izinyoni zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zinonyaka owodwa kuya kwemine. Ngokwemvelo bangabesilisa oyedwa, yingakho bathambekele ekubhanqaneni ndawonye impilo yabo yonke. Ngaphambi kokwenza umbhangqwana, abantu bayabukana isikhathi eside, njengokungathi babhekisisa. Bese kuqala imidlalo yokukhwelana - izinyoni zingacula isikhathi eside, zenze imisindo ephezulu, ziphonse amakhanda emuva noma zondelane.
Ngemuva kokuba kwakheke lezi zithandani, insikazi iqala ukucela ukudla kowesilisa, ngenxa yalokho iyayondla futhi iyinakekele. Izinyoni zakha izidleke kubantu bonke, eduze komunye nomunye. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezidleke lilinganiselwe kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-3-7 ngenxa yokuthi amaphuphu achanyuselwa esidlekeni anelukuluku lokwazi futhi ukuhamba eduze kungabulawa abanye abantu abadala.
Ngemuva kokufuduka ngenkathi efudumele, izinyoni zibuyela ezidlekeni ngambili. Izidleke zivame ukumiswa phansi emahlathini otshani noma ezinye izimila. Izidleke zezinyoni zincane. Kwi-clutch eyodwa, inyoni ivame ukubeka amaqanda ukusuka ku-1 kuya kwamathathu. Amaqanda mancane, aluhlaza okomnyama noma anombala onsundu ngamachashaza amnyama, amancane. Zombili ezeduna nezisikazi ziyafukamela amaqanda, kufakwe amanye. Amachwane avela kaningi ezinsukwini ezingama-25-28 ngemuva kokubeka.
Amachwane achanyuselwa esidlekeni ambozwe ngwevu phansi. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, amaphuphu awashiyi ikhaya lawo, abazali bawo babanikeza ukudla. Ngemuva kokuqina kancane, ngosuku lwe-10-13 sebevele bahamba ngokukhululeka. Amanye amatshwele angasuka esidlekeni aye ebangeni lamamitha angama-20-30. Ngemuva kwenyanga nesigamu, amaphuphu achanyuselwa esidlekeni afunda ukundiza. Izinyoni zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zineminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu ubudala. Ama-clams, njengezinye izinhlobo zama-gulls, aneminyaka eyikhulu. Isilinganiso sokulindelwa kwempilo yiminyaka engama-23-25.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhathi esiphezulu sempilo ye-blackbot yiminyaka engama-34 izinyanga eziyi-9.
Izitha zemvelo ze-clush
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ifindo
Njengoba kunikezwe uhlobo lwama-gulls, abanazitha eziningi endaweni yabo yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amaphuphu achanyuselwa esidlekeni angaba yizisulu zezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye.
Izitha zemvelo zamantshontsho e-grouse:
- ama-raccoon;
- amakati zasendle kanye ezifuywayo;
- izinkozi zegolide;
- onogolantethe;
- amaBhele;
- Izimpungushe ze-Arctic;
- izimpungushe;
- izinkozi;
- oklebe
- ama-kites;
- Amagwababa echobana.
Imvamisa, ngokuhamba eduze kwesidleke sabo, amaphuphu angabulawa yizihlobo zawo. Esigabeni sokubekela amaqanda, izidleke zezinyoni ezimnyama zingacekelwa phansi ezinye izidalwa nezinyoni ezinkulu. Izinyoni zivame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane zasolwandle ngenkathi zizingela emanzini. Umuntu akayona ingozi kubantu bezinyoni. Ngisho nezinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni eziseduze nalapho kuhlala khona abantu azibi izisulu zokubhujiswa. Abantu abakaze balimaze izinyoni, ngisho nasezifundeni lapho babethathwa njengezinyoni eziyingozi futhi eziyingozi.
Ama-seagull ayizinyoni ezinolaka kakhulu nezinobuqili obukhulu. Uma kwenzeka bebona ukuthi ingozi isondele, bakhuphukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni, bememeza kakhulu futhi bathinte inhliziyo. Lapho inani elikhulu lezinyoni likhuphukela esibhakabhakeni, ziyacwila phansi, futhi zonke zihlangene zishaya isitha ngozipho nangoqhwaku. Le ndlela yokuzivikela isabisa ngisho nezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu eziyingozi. Ukuzwa izingcingo eziningi zabantu abadala, amaphuphu acasha otshanini noma emahlathini ezimila.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Klusha
Kuze kube manje, izimbaza azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Inombolo yabo ihlala izinzile. Lezi zinyoni zibaluleke kakhulu futhi zihlala endaweni ebalulekile esimisweni semvelo. Basiza ukuhlanza amabhishi kanye nogu lokungcola kanye nemithombo yokutheleleka. Amaqoqo, njenganoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zama-gulls, avame ukudla imfucuza, kanye nezidumbu.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, izinhlwathi ezimnyama nezinye izinhlobo zamaqhuqhuva zazisebenza njengabasizi ababalulekile kumatilosi. Kwakungenxa yabo lapho isimo sezulu nokuqondiswa kokuhamba kunqunywe. Uma izinyoni zindizela ngokuthula phezu kolwandle noma zifike onqenqemeni lomkhumbi, isimo sezulu sathembisa ukuthi sizolunga. Uma izinyoni bezihleli ogwini, lapho-ke isiphepho noma ukuduma kwezulu kuzoqala maduzane.
Ama-seagulls yizinyoni ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Zijwayela ngokuphelele cishe kunoma iyiphi imvelo. Ngokudla okunganele, bathambekele ekusondeleni kumuntu, lapho kuhlala kukhona ukudla kwabo. Amandla okuvikela izidleke zawo futhi ahlangane ngesikhathi sengozi nawo andisa kakhulu amathuba abo okusinda, futhi ukungathobeki kanye nokudla okungakhethi kubanika ithuba lokuzitholela ukudla cishe yonke indawo futhi njalo.
Broody Ingabe ama-subspecies ama-bald gulls. Yizinyoni ezincane, ezinomusa futhi ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Zinamaphiko amakhulu ububanzi, okwenza zibukeke zihlaba umxhwele kakhulu lapho zindiza. Amaqoqo abaluleke kakhulu ku-ecosystem, njengoba esiza ukuhlanza indawo eseduze nezindawo ahlala kuzo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 09.01.
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/13/2019 ngo-20: 20
