Lesula - inkawu etholwe muva nje. Izazi zemvelo nabacwaningi bazibheka ngenkuthalo lezi zilwane, yize zaziwa isikhathi eside phakathi kwabomdabu base-equatorial Africa. Lezi zinkawu ziyashesha futhi zinelukuluku lokwazi, ngakho-ke zihlala zizithola seziseduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Lesula
Igama eligcwele lalezi zinhlobo yiCercopithecus lomamiensis. ULesulu watholakala esemzini kathisha wase-Afrika ngo-2007 futhi wayeyinhlobo yokuqala yezinkawu eyatholwa kusukela ngo-2003. ILesula yaziwa ngabantu bendawo isikhathi eside, kepha incazelo yesayensi yenkawu yenzeka ngo-2007 kuphela.
Ividiyo: Lesula
ULesula ungowomndeni wezinkawu. Isikhathi sokugcina inkawu enomsila obomvu yafakwa ohlwini lohlobo lwezinkawu kwaba ngo-1984 eGabon, ngakho-ke lesula nayo iyinkawu yokuqala ukubalwa emndenini wenkawu ngekhulu lama-21. Umndeni wezinkawu ungenye yezinkulu kakhulu phakathi kwezinkawu. Kubandakanya izinkawu ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene futhi ezinemikhuba eyahlukene yokudla nendlela yokuphila.
Umndeni uhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
- inkawu ngomqondo omncane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimfene, ama-mandrill, ama-gelads, nezinye izinkawu ezinomthethosisekelo womzimba ominyene. Njengomthetho, imisila yalezi zinkawu ifinyeziwe, ihola kakhulu indlela yokuphila yasemhlabeni, i-omnivorous, iveze izingcingo ezi-sciatic;
- nomzimba omncane. Ama-primates amancane ahlala ezihlahleni. Banemibala ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ukufihla. Imisila ivame ukuba yinde, kepha ayinakho ukusebenza kwe-prehensile. Lezi zinkawu zifaka phakathi ama-lesuls, nama-kazis, ama-langurs, ama-nosy nezinye izinkawu eziningi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-lezula
Ama-Lesuly angabameleli abancane bomndeni wenkawu. Kukhona i-dimorphism encane ngocansi ngosayizi. Abesilisa bafinyelela kubude obungu-65 cm, ngaphandle komsila, isisindo esifinyelela ku-7 kg. Abesifazane banobude obungu-40 cm nobude obufinyelela ku-4 kg.
Ama-Lesuls anombala onsundu ngokunsundu. Izinwele ngazinye zesembozo esingenhla ziqinile kakhulu, ngakho-ke zakha izinyanda ezincane eziphumayo ezifana nezimpaphe. Umbala we-gradient: umhlane ongaphezulu unombala obomvu kancane, ikhanda, isisu, intamo futhi ingaphakathi lemilenze okumpunga okukhanyayo noma okumhlophe. Izinkawu zinama-sideburns amancane aphuzi angathi kwesinye isikhathi aphele abe nombala oluhlaza okhanyayo.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: ULesul ubizwa ngezinkawu ezibhekene nabantu.
Izitho zangemuva ze-lesul zinde kakhulu kunezangaphambili, kepha izinzwane kuwo womabili ama-paws athuthukile ngokulinganayo. Ngabo, izinkawu zibamba amagatsha ezihlahla. Umsila wawucishe uphindwe kabili kunomzimba wenkawu. Kusukela kubude bayo kungagwetshwa ukuthi ama-lesuls avame ukweqa esuka egatsheni aye egatsheni, kanti umsila usebenza "njengephini lokuqondisa".
Ingxenye engaphambili ye-lesul ibomvana futhi ayinazinwele. Banekhala elide, elincanyana elinenqwaba eminyene, umhlathi ophansi ongakhuli kahle, namehlo amakhulu ansundu noma aluhlaza okotshani. Imengamo emikhulu emikhulu ilenga phezu kwamehlo, yakhe amafolda.
Uhlala kuphi lesula?
Isithombe: Lesula e-Afrika
ILesula itholwe muva nje, ngakho-ke ucwaningo ngendawo yokuhlala kwalolu hlobo lusaqhubeka.
Kwasungulwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi i-lesul ihlala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- IDemocratic Republic of the Congo;
- I-Afrika Ephakathi;
- umlomo womfula iLomami;
- Umfula iChuala.
Izinkawu zivame kakhulu enkabazwe yase-Afrika, zithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo. Kukhona impikiswano ngempilo yabo ngqo, kepha iziphetho ezithile zingathathwa kuzici zomzimba zezinkawu.
Isibonelo, kungashiwo ngokuthembekile ukuthi laba bameleli bezinkawu bahlala ezihlahleni ngokufaniswa nezihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-lesuls akwazi ukubambelela emagatsheni amancane kakhulu ngenxa yesisindo sawo esiphansi. Ukwakheka kwemilenze ye-lezul, lapho imilenze yangemuva yinde kunaleyo yangaphambili, ayikuvumeli ukuba ngabagijimi abahle, kepha ivumela ukuba bagxumele kude.
Umsila we-lesul nawo ukhombisa indlela yabo yokuphila ye-arboreal. Iyashintshwa ukuze ilawule ukweqa - ngenkathi indiza, inkawu ingashintsha kancane umzila, ilungise indawo yokuhlala futhi ihambe kahle ezindaweni ezingazinzile. Izinzwani ezingaphambili nasemilenzeni yangemuva zinemisebenzi yokubamba futhi ziqine ngokwanele ukubamba inkawu. ILesul ayivamile ukubonwa emhlabeni - ikakhulukazi izinkawu zehlela lapho ziyolanda izithelo ezivuthwe ngokweqile eziwile ezihlahleni.
Manje uyazi ukuthi le lezula itholakala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi idlani le nyani.
Idla ini lesula?
Isithombe: Monkey Lezula
I-Lesuly yizilwane ezidla ngokuphelele. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko izithelo, amajikijolo namaqabunga aluhlaza akhula phezulu ezihlahleni. Yize ezinye izinkawu zingama-omnivorous, i-lesul isabhekwa njengezinyamazane ezidla utshani, ngoba awekho amacala ezidlova aqashelwe zona.
Ukudla kwe-lesul kufaka:
- imbewu;
- izimpande;
- inhlaka yezihlahla ezincane;
- izithelo, imifino kanye namajikijolo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izakhamizi zendawo zazivame ukuqaphela i-lesul entshontsha imifino nezithelo ezingadini zemifino eziseduze nemizana.
Ama-Lesuls abheka izithelo eziwele phansi ezihlahleni njengezibiliboco ezikhethekile. Njengomthetho, lezi yizithelo ezivuthwe ngokweqile, lapho izinkawu zikulungele ukwehla ngisho nasezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yalokhu kuziphatha, i-lesul yaqashelwa yizazi zemvelo.
Lezi zinkawu zisebenzisa izitho zazo ukudla ukudla. I-lesul ineminwe emide impela, engakwazi ukubamba amagatsha kuphela ngenkathi inkawu idla amaqabunga namajikijolo amancane kuwo. Ngosizo lwalesi sakhiwo sezandla, ama-lesuls angabamba izithelo ezinkulu ku-canopy futhi azidle.
Kukhona futhi ukucabanga ukuthi ama-lesuls ayakwazi ukudla amagxolo ezihlahla ngenxa yesakhiwo somhlathi esixegayo. I-macaque emifushane yomsila waseJapan inesici esifanayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-lesul ivame ukubonwa ezihlahleni ezincane, futhi ezindaweni lapho lezi zinkawu zisatshalaliswa khona, amagxolo athambile ayaxebulwa. Kungaphethwa ngokuthi ama-lesuls anqena ukukudla noma angakudli ukuze kugcwaliswe, kepha ngokwesibonelo, ukuxubha amazinyo akho noma ukususa ama-parasites.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: African Lesula
Ama-Lesuls akhetha ukuphila impilo eyimfihlo. Bahlala emihlambini yabantu abayi-5-10 eziqongweni zezihlahla, kuyaqabukela bashiye izindawo zabo zokuhlala, futhi baboshwe endaweni ethile. Emhlambini kukhona ama-lesuls, asezibophweni zomndeni, ngakho-ke, eqenjini elinjalo, njengomthetho, kunezizukulwane eziningana.
AbakwaLesul banelukuluku. Kaningi bangena emizini yabantu uma bengazizwa besongelwa. Bavame ukweba izinto ezincane zasendlini njengokusika, kepha banentshisekelo kakhulu ezitshalweni zezolimo. Ngenxa yalesi nezinye izizathu, kukhona ukuzingelwa kwe-lesul.
Umhlambi we-lesul unohlelo lokulandelana, kepha awunamandla njengalezo zezimfene noma ama-gelads. Kukhona umholi wesilisa omdala ogcina umhlambi, kanye nabesifazane abaningana abasebudlelwaneni obulinganayo. Futhi, umndeni ungafaka ezinye izinsizwa eziningana, kepha imvamisa bonke abanye besilisa bakhetha ukuzihlukanisa nomndeni.
AbakwaLesul abavamile ukuba nolaka komunye nomunye. Izazi zemvelo ziyaqaphela ukuthi izinkawu zingamazwi amakhulu kakhulu, futhi ukukhala kwazo kumnandi. Kuyisistimu yemisindo esebenza ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene ezingokomzwelo, kufaka phakathi ukubonakaliswa kobudlova. Ngokufanelekile bakhetha ukuhlela ama-duels "anomsindo" kunokungena ezingxabanweni ezisondelene.
Njengezinye izinkawu, i-lesul inohlelo lokunakekelana. Bahlanganisa izinwele zabo, badle ama-parasites futhi banakekele amalungu omndeni ngazo zonke izindlela, kungakhathalekile isikhundla sabantu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Lesuly Cub
Izazi zemvelo azikasunguli uhlaka olucacile lwesikhathi sokuzalisa i-lesul, kepha isikhathi sokukhwelana siwela cishe esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo ngaphambi kwenkathi yemvula. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa, abagcina kude nemindeni yabesifazane, baqala ukusondela kubo kancane kancane. Ama-Lesuls asebenza ikakhulukazi ebusuku, lapho abesilisa beqala ukubiza abesifazane ngokucula okumnandi, njengokucula kwezinyoni.
Abesilisa abahleleli izimpi ezivulekile, njengoba kwenza ezinye izinhlobo ezivela emndenini wenkawu. Abesifazane bakhetha owesilisa okhanga kakhulu ngokucula. Ngasikhathi sinye, umholi weqembu akanalo igunya lokukhwelana nabesifazane - bona ngokwabo bakhetha ubaba wesikhathi esizayo wenzalo.
Ukuqomisana kwe-lesul akuhlali isikhathi eside. Owesilisa ucula "ama-serenade" kowesifazane, ehlanganisa izinwele zakhe, ngemuva kwalokho ukukhwelana kwenzeka. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, eyeduna ayibambiqhaza ekukhuliseni amaphuphu, kepha iqala ukucula futhi, ihehe abesifazane abasha. Lokhu kuziphatha akujwayelekile ezinkawini, ngakho-ke ukucwaninga nokucaciswa kwalesi simo kusaqhubeka phakathi kososayensi.
Ayikho futhi imininingwane ethembekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa sowesifazane. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ubeletha amabili, kungabi kangako elilodwa noma amathathu amawundlu. Ekuqaleni, amawundlu abambelela ngokuqinile esiswini sikamama futhi aphuze ubisi. Umama uhamba kalula phakathi kwezihlahla futhi angalahlekelwa yi-dexterity, naphezu komthwalo onjalo. Ngokushesha nje lapho amawundlu esekhulile, aya emhlane kanina.
Amantshontsho akhuliswa ngokuhlangana ngamahlathi. Ikakhulukazi esebenzayo ekukhuliseni isizukulwane esisha yizinsikazi ezindala zeminyaka engeyona yokuzala, lapho kwakhiwa khona uhlobo lwenkulisa. Ama-Lesuls afinyelela eminyakeni yobudala yokukhiqiza cishe ngeminyaka emibili.
Izitha zemvelo ze-lesul
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-lezula
Njengezinye izinkawu ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, i-lezula iyisilwane esizingelwa izilwane eziningi ezizingelayo.
Izilwane ezinjalo zihlanganisa lezi zilwane ezilandelayo:
- ama-jaguar, izingwe, ama-panther amakati amakhulu akhetha inyamazane enkulu kunezinkawu, kepha ngeke aphuthelwe yithuba lokuzingela i-lesul. Zibuye zibe yingozi kulezi zinkawu ngoba zikhuphuka ngobunono ezihlahleni. Lawa makati amakhulu ayimfihlo emangalisayo, ngakho-ke asebenzisa umphumela omangazayo lapho ehlasela;
- Ama-pythons nawo ayingozi ku-lesul, futhi ikakhulukazi kwabancane. Ayibonakali phakathi kwamahlamvu futhi ingakhuphukela eziqongweni zezihlahla;
- izingwenya zibeka ingozi ezinkawini lapho zehlela endaweni eniselwa kuyo;
- futhi izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama zingahlasela i-lesul lapho zikhuphuka amaphuzu aphakeme kakhulu. Le nketho iyindlala, ngoba izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama zithanda ukungangeni ezingeni eliphakathi neliphansi lamahlathi, futhi izilonda azikhuphukeli ezindaweni eziphakeme, lapho lezi zinyoni zizingela khona kakhulu.
AbakwaLesul abakwazi ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ngakho-ke abangakwenza ukwazisa izihlobo zabo ngengozi. Ngenxa yokukhala okukhulu, ama-lesuls abona masinyane ukuthi isitha siseduze, ngakho-ke acasha ezihlahleni eziminyene eziqongweni zezihlahla.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Lesula
Okwamanje akukwazeki ukuhlola inani labantu abathola leesul, kanye nokuthola isimo salolu hlobo. Izazi zemvelo zithola amaqembu amaningi e-lesul emahlathini aminyene e-equatorial Africa, kepha amanani abo mancane.
Abomdabu bazingela i-lesul ngezizathu eziningi:
- okokuqala, i-lesuli ilimaza izitshalo zezolimo, njengoba zivame ukweba izitshalo ngisho nokukhwela emizini yabantu;
- okwesibili, inyama ye-lesul, njengenyama yezinye izinkawu, ilungele ukudliwa ngabantu kanti kwezinye izifunda zase-Afrika ibhekwa njengesibiliboco;
- futhi i-fur lezul iminyene futhi iminyene, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izinto zokugqoka, izinto zasendlini noma izesekeli.
Ngenxa yesimo esingaqinisekile, ososayensi banemibono engqubuzanayo. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi abantu abaningi be-lesul bahlala emahlathini amangelengele, lapho izazi zemvelo zingakafiki khona. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yokuzingela okwandile kwabantu bendawo, i-lesul ingathathwa njengezilwane ezisengozini. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkawu azikabi nesimo esisemthethweni.
I-Lesuly izinkawu ezingavamile nezifundwa kancane umphakathi wesayensi okusamele uzazi. Ucwaningo olusebenzayo, olwenziwa emaqenjini atholakalayo ezinkawu, luveza imiphumela kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukuthemba ukuthi kungekudala lezula izoba uhlobo olucwaningwe kakhudlwana lomndeni wenkawu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 02.01.
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 12.09.2019 ngo-13: 23
