Ihansi elibomvu Ingabe yinyoni encane yasemanzini ezacile yomndeni wedada. Ngaphandle, inyoni ifana kakhulu nehansi elincane. Inyoni inombala ogqame kakhulu webele kanti ingxenye engezansi yekhanda lenyoni inombala onsundu ngokubomvu, izimpiko, isisu nomsila zinombala ohlukile omnyama nomhlophe. Kunzima impela ukuhlangana nale nyoni endle, ngoba uhlobo lwazo luqabukela kakhulu futhi zimbalwa kakhulu izinyoni ezisele emvelweni. Imvamisa isidleke ku-tundra.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ihansi elibomvu elibomvu
I-Branta ruficollis (i-Red-breasted Goose) iyinyoni e-oda le-Anseriformes, umndeni wedada, uhlobo lohansi. Ukuhleleka kwama-anseriformes, okukhona kuwo amahansi, kuyinto yasendulo kakhulu. Ama-anseriformes okuqala ahlala emhlabeni ekugcineni kwesikhathi seCretaceous noma ekuqaleni kwePaleocene yenkathi yeCenozoic.
Izinsalela zokuqala ezitholakala eMelika, eNew Jersey zineminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-50 ubudala. Ukutholakala kwenyoni yasendulo ngokulandelana kwama-anseriformes kunqunywa isimo sephiko lenyoni. Ukusabalala kwama-anseriformes emhlabeni wonke kungenzeka kwaqala kusuka kwelinye izwekazi eningizimu yezwe yomhlaba; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinyoni zaqala ukuhlola izindawo eziningi. Ngokokuqala ngqa, uhlobo lweBranta ruficollis luchazwa usosayensi wemvelo waseJalimane uPeter Simon Pallas ngo-1769.
Ividiyo: Ihansi elinamabele abomvu
Izici eziyinhloko zale nyoni zifaka umbala ogqamile, nomlomo omfishane. Amahansi yizinyoni ezincane ezinomzimba omncane. Ekhanda nasesifubeni sale nyoni, izimpaphe zipendwe ngombala ogqamile, onsundu ngokubomvu. Ngemuva, izimpiko nomsila, umbala omnyama nomhlophe. Inhloko yenyoni incane, ngokungafani namanye amahansi, amahansi anezinwele ezibomvu anentamo enkulu, ewugqinsi kanye nomlomo omfishane kakhulu. Usayizi wehansi walezi zinhlobo mncane kancane kunehansi, kodwa mkhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Amahansi anamabele abomvu afunda izinyoni ezifudukayo; aqinile kakhulu futhi angandiza amabanga amade.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ihansi lebele elibomvu
Izinyoni zalezi zinhlobo cishe azikwazi ukudida nezinye izinyoni zamanzi ngenxa yombala wazo ongajwayelekile. Le nyoni yathola igama layo "i-Red-throat" ngenxa yezimpaphe ezibomvu ngokugqamile entanyeni, esifubeni nasezihlathini. Phezulu kwekhanda, emuva, izimpiko, izimpaphe kumnyama. Kunemivimbo emhlophe ezinhlangothini, ekhanda nasezenzeni. Kunendawo emhlophe egqamile eduze komlomo wale nyoni. Abesilisa nabesifazane banombala ofanayo futhi kunzima ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane ngaphandle. Abasakhulayo banemibala efanayo. njengezinyoni ezindala, kepha umbala awuthambile. Azikho izimpaphe ezithweni. Umthethosivivinywa ufushane omnyama noma onsundu. Amehlo mancane, amehlo ansundu.
Amahansi alezi zinhlobo ayizinyoni ezincane, ubude bomzimba kusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni kungama-52-57 cm, amaphiko angaba ngu-115-127 cm.Isisindo somuntu omdala ngu-1.4-1.6 kg. Izinyoni zindiza ngokushesha futhi kahle futhi zinesimo esihle, esingahlaliseki. Ngesikhathi sendiza, umhlambi ungenza ukujika okungalindelekile, izinyoni zingahlangana futhi, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, zishikilike ndawonye, zenze uhlobo lwebhola emoyeni, bese ziphinde zisakazeke ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Amahansi abhukuda kahle, angangena emanzini. Lapho zehliselwa emanzini, zikhipha ukhiye omkhulu. Ziyakwazi nobudlelwano, njalo ukuxhumana nomunye.
Ukuqanjwa kwezwi. Amahansi alolu hlobo akhipha amakhokho amakhulu we-disyllabic, kwesinye isikhathi afane nokukhotha. Imvamisa, kuzwakala kufana nomsindo othi "gvyy, givyy". Ngesikhathi lapho inyoni izwa khona ingozi, ukuze yesabe umphikisi, ihansi likwazi ukushaya ikhwela kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amahansi abelethi abomvu angama-livers amade phakathi kwezinyoni; ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, izinyoni zingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-40.
Ihlala kuphi ihansi elinamabele abomvu?
Isithombe: Ihansi elibomvu elibomvu eRussia
Indawo yokuhlala yamahansi anesisu esibomvu incane. Izinyoni zihlala e-tundra kusuka eYamal kuya eKhatanga Bay kanye nesigodi soMfula iPopigai. Ingxenye eyinhloko yezidleke zabantu esiFundazweni saseTaimyr futhi ihlala emfuleni i-Upper Taimyr nasePyasana. Futhi futhi lezi zinyoni zingatholakala engxenyeni encane yoMfula iYuribey eduze neLake Yaroto.
Njengazo zonke izinyoni ezifudukayo, amahansi anezibele ezibomvu aya ezindaweni ezifudumele ngesikhathi sasebusika. Izinyoni zithanda ubusika ogwini olusentshonalanga yoLwandle Olumnyama naseDanube. Izinyoni zishiya ubusika ekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Izazi zezinyoni ziye zafunda ngisho nomzila wokufuduka walezi zinyoni. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izinyoni zindiza phezu kogu lwe-Ural ezigodini zemifula eseduzane, bese kuthi izinyoni, zifike eKazakhstan, zijike ziye entshonalanga, lapho, zindiza phezu kwezintaba namathafa asogwadule, izindawo eziphansi zaseCaspian zindiza phezu kwe-Ukraine futhi zihlale zingaphezulu kolwandle oLwandle Olumnyama naseDanube.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izinyoni ziyama ukuze ziphumule futhi zithole amandla. Umhlambi ufika eziteshini zawo ezinkulu eduze ne-Arctic Circle emfuleni i-Ob, enyakatho yeKhanty-Mansiysk, emathafeni nasemaxhaphozini aseTobol ezigodini zemifula iManych, eRostov naseStavropol. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, izinyoni zihlala endaweni evundlile, ehlathini-ehlathini ezindaweni eziwugwadule. Impilo yabo yonke, bakhetha izindawo ezicabalele eziseduze nedamu, bangahlala emaweni nasezihosheni eziseduze nemifula.
Manje uyazi lapho ihansi lebele elibomvu litholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi inyoni idlani.
Yini edliwa yihansi elibomvu?
Isithombe: Ihansi elibomvu elibomvu lenyoni
Amahansi yizinyoni ezidla imifino futhi adla kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo.
Ukudla kwamahansi anebele elibomvu kufaka:
- amaqabunga namahlumela ezitshalo;
- ubulembu;
- ubulembu;
- utshani bekotini;
- ukuthambeka;
- ihhashi;
- amajikijolo;
- imbewu yombhede;
- u-anyanisi namaqabunga egalikhi wasendle;
- rye;
- ama-oats;
- ukolweni;
- ibhali;
- ukolweni.
Ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, izinyoni zondla kakhulu ngamaqabunga kanye nama-rhizomes ezitshalo ezikhula ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke. Lawa ikakhulukazi i-sedge, i-horsetail, utshani obuncane obunamakhotini. Mangisho ukuthi lokhu kudla kuncane kakhulu, ngoba ku-steppe ngeke uthole amakhambi amaningi. Izinyoni namajikijolo ziyaphusha, lapho zihlangana nezithelo.
Ebusika, izinyoni zivame ukuhlala otshanini nasemadlelweni, emasimini ahlwanyelwe izilimo zokusanhlamvu zasebusika. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni zithatha okusanhlamvu, amaqabunga amancane nezimpande zezitshalo. Izinyoni zidla kakhulu ngesikhathi sasebusika ezindaweni zasebusika, ukudla kwezinyoni kuhluka kakhulu kunezindawo zokwakha izidleke. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izinyoni zidla izitshalo ezikhula ezindaweni zazo, ikakhulukazi i-sedge, i-clover, i-lungwort, i-horsetail nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo. Amachwane kanye nezinsizwa zidla utshani obuthambile, amaqabunga kanye nembewu yezitshalo, kuyilapho amaphuphu, ecashe ezilwaneni ezidla ndawonye, ahlala nabazali bawo emahlathini otshani aze afunde ukundiza.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ihansi elinamabele abomvu elivela eRed Book
Amahansi alezi zinhlobo ayizinyoni ezifudukayo ezivamile. Izinyoni ezingaphezulu kobusika ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama naseDanube. Kakhulu eBulgaria naseRomania. Izinyoni zishiya ubusika ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba, entwasahlobo zibuyela ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngokungafani namahansi nezinye izinyoni, amahansi ngesikhathi sokufuduka awahambi ngemihlambi emikhulu, kepha ahamba ngamakholoni kusuka kumabhangqa ama-5 kuye kwangama-20. Izinyoni zifika endaweni yokwakha izidleke ngababili ezakhiwe phakathi nobusika. Amahansi abelethiwe abomvu ayathanda ukuhlala osebeni olumathambo lwemizimba yamanzi, emathafeni, emahlathini, ezigodini eziseduze nemifula. Lapho zifika, izinyoni ngokushesha ziqala ukuhlomisa izidleke.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amahansi yizinyoni ezihlakaniphe impela, akha izidleke zawo eduze kwezidleke zezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama njenge-peregrine falcon, isikhova esineqhwa noma ama-buzzards.
Izinyoni ezidla inyama zivikela isidleke sazo kwizilwane ezahlukahlukene ezincelisayo (izimpungushe ze-arctic, izimpungushe, izimpisi nabanye), kanti isidleke samahansi naso asisatholakali ezitheni. Indawo enjalo ukuphela kwendlela yokukhulisa amachwane. Noma zihlala emithambekeni eyingozi neyingozi, izidleke zamahansi zihlala zisengozini, ngakho-ke izinyoni zizama ukungazibeki engcupheni futhi zithole umakhelwane omuhle.
Amahansi ayasebenza emini. Ebusuku, izinyoni zihlala emanzini noma ezidlekeni. Izinyoni zizitholela ukudla kwazo eduze kwesidleke, noma eduzane nedamu. Emhlambini, izinyoni ziyazijabulisa kakhulu. Isakhiwo senhlalo sithuthukiswa, izinyoni zihlala endaweni yokwakha izidleke ngababili, ebusika zihlangana ngemihlambi emincane. Ngokuvamile azikho izingxabano phakathi kwezinyoni.
Izinyoni ziphatha umuntu ngokucophelela okukhulu, lapho umuntu ezama ukusondela esidlekeni, insikazi iyamngenisa bese izama ukundiza ingabonwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, owesilisa uyajoyina, lezi zithandani zindiza zizungeze isidleke, futhi zenze imisindo ephezulu izama ukuxosha umuntu. Kwesinye isikhathi amahansi athola ngokusondela kwesilwane noma umuntu kusengaphambili, aziswa ngalokhu ngumhlaseli wasemuva. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, lapho abantu babesengozini yokuqothulwa, lezi zinyoni zaqala ukugcinwa nokufuywa ezinkulisa nasezizweni ezahlukahlukene. Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni zenza kahle futhi zizala ngempumelelo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ama-goose abelethiwe abomvu
Amahansi abomvu abomvu afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili ngeminyaka engu-3-4. Izinyoni zifika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ngazimbili ezazakhiwe ngaphambili, futhi lapho zifika endaweni yokwakha izidleke, ziqala ngokushesha ukwakha izidleke. Isidleke sakhiwe ekucindezelekeni kwethambeka, sigcwaliswe ngeziqu zezitshalo zokusanhlamvu futhi sigezwe ngongqimba phansi. Ubukhulu besidleke bungaba ngu-20 cm ububanzi, ukujula kwesidleke kufika ku-8 cm.
Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, izinyoni zinemidlalo yokudidiyela ethokozisayo, izinyoni zibhukuda zizungeze, zifake imilomo yazo emanzini ndawonye, futhi zenze imisindo eyahlukahlukene. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, owesilisa uthatha ukuma nkqo ngamaphiko asakazekile bese edlula owesifazane. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, izinyoni ziqukula imisila yazo, zisakaze amaphiko azo ezinhlangothini bese zolula izintamo zazo ezinde ezinamandla, ngenkathi ziqhuma ngengoma yazo exakile.
Emva kwesikhashana, insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-4 kuya kwayi-9 amhlophe amhlophe. Ukufukamela kwamaqanda kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-25, insikazi ifukamela amaqanda, kanti eyeduna ihlale iseduze ivikela umndeni futhi iletha ukudla kwabesifazane. Amachwane azalwa ekupheleni kukaJuni, lapho amaphuphu evela, abazali baqala ukuncela ngemuva komshado, futhi abazali balahlekelwa amandla okundiza isikhathi esithile, ngakho-ke wonke umndeni uhlala otshanini obuzama ukucasha emahlathini aminyene otshani.
Imvamisa amachwane avela kubazali abehlukene ayahlangana, aqoqane emhlambini omkhulu, oklabalasa kakhulu ogadwe yizinyoni ezindala. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, izingane ziqala ukundiza kancane, kuthi ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, izingane, kanye nezinye izinyoni, zibalekele ubusika.
Izitha zemvelo zamahansi anebele elibomvu
Isithombe: Ihansi elibomvu elibomvu emanzini
Amahansi abelethi abomvu endle anezitha ezimbalwa, futhi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwezinyoni ezinamandla ezidla inyama, kunzima kakhulu ukuthi la ma-anseriform aphile.
Izitha zemvelo zalezi zinyoni yilezi:
- Izimpungushe ze-Arctic;
- izimpungushe;
- izinja;
- izimpisi;
- oklebe;
- izinkozi nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Amahansi yizinyoni ezincane kakhulu, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuzivikela. Uma izinyoni ezindala zikwazi ukugijima ngokushesha futhi zindiza, izingane azikwazi ukuzivikela ngokwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni ezindala ngesikhathi se-molting ziba sengozini enkulu, zilahlekelwe amandla azo okundiza. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nesikhathi sokuzalela, izinyoni zizama ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba ngaphansi kwesilwane esikhulu esinamaphiko, okuthi, ngenkathi zivikela isidleke sazo, zivikele namazinyane amahansi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngenxa yezimpaphe zazo ezikhanyayo, izinyoni azikwazi ukucasha kahle, imvamisa isidleke esinezinsikazi ezihleli kuso singabonwa kude, kepha akuyona yonke into elula kangako. Izinyoni zivame ukuxwayiswa ngengozi isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuvela kwesitha, futhi zingakwazi ukundiza zihambe futhi zihambise amawundlu endaweni ephephile.
Kodwa-ke, isitha esikhulu samahansi kuseyindoda nemisebenzi yayo. Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukuzingelwa kwamahansi alezi zinhlobo kungavunyelwe, akekho noyedwa onakayo ukuthi bangaki abantu ababulawa abazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho ngonyaka. Phambilini, lapho kuvunyelwa ukuzingela lezi zinyoni, amahansi acishe aqothulwa ngokuphelele ngokuzizingela. Esinye isici esibi kwaba ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokwakha izinyoni ngabantu. Ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, ukwakhiwa kwamafemu nezakhiwo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ihansi lebele elibomvu
Amahansi abomvu anezinyoni ezingandile kakhulu. I-Branta ruficollis inesimo esivikelekile sohlobo olusengozini, uhlobo olwalusengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Kuze kube manje, lolu hlobo lubhalwe kuRed Book yaseRussia, futhi izinyoni zalolu hlobo ziyavikelwa. Ukubamba, kanye nokuzingela izinyoni, akuvunyelwe emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kweRed Book, lolu hlobo lufakiwe eSithasiselweni seBonn Convention nakuSithasiselo 2 soMhlangano weSIETES, oqinisekisa ukuvinjelwa kokuhweba ngalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni. Zonke lezi zinyathelo zithathwe ngenxa yokuthi kusukela ekupheleni kuka-1950 kuya ku-1975 inani lezinhlobo zezilwane lehla kakhulu cishe ngo-40% futhi kwasala izinyoni ezindala ezingama-22-28 eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50 zezinyoni ezindala.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo, inani lalezi zinhlobo lakhula laba ngabantu abadala abayizinkulungwane ezingama-37. Kodwa-ke, leli nani liphansi impela. Izinyoni azinandawo yokuzalanisa. Ngenxa yokufika kwabantu ezindaweni zemvelo zezinyoni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izindawo zokwakha izidleke seziya ngokuncipha. Ososayensi bathi ngenxa yokushisa komhlaba, indawo ye-tundra incipha ngokushesha. Futhi, inani lalezi zinhlobo lithinteka kakhulu ngenani lama-samson falcons. Izinyoni zihlala eduze kwazo futhi ziwela ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwazo, ngokuncipha kwenani lalezi zilwane ezidla ezinye, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ngamahansi ukuba aphile endle, futhi lokhu kuthinta nabantu kabi.
Namuhla amahansi alolu hlobo angaphansi kokuvikelwa futhi kuthathwa izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene zokuzivikela. Ezinye zezindawo zokwakha izidleke zitholakala ezindaweni ezivikelwe naseziqiwini. Ukubamba izinyoni zama-zoo, ukuzingela nokuthengisa izinyoni ezweni lethu lonke akuvunyelwe. Izinyoni zikhuliswa ezinkulisa lapho zizala khona ngempumelelo futhi kamuva zikhishelwe endle.
Ukuvikelwa kwamahansi anezibele ezibomvu
Isithombe: Ihansi elinamabele abomvu elivela eRed Book
Imisebenzi yabantu ngasikhathi esithile icishe yacekela phansi inani lamahansi anezibele ezibomvu, nayo yasiza ekusindiseni lezi zinyoni ekubhujisweni okuphelele. Ngemuva kokwethulwa kokuvinjelwa kokuzingela, ukubamba kanye nokuthengisa izinyoni, inani lezinhlobo zaqala ukwanda kancane kancane. Kusukela ngo-1926, abalindi bezinyoni bebelokhu bezalanisa lezi zinyoni lapho zithunjwa. Ngokokuqala ngqá kwavela ukukhulisa inqwaba yalezi zinyoni ezingenamqondo enkulisa edumile yaseTrest, etholakala eNgilandi. Inzalo yokuqala yezinyoni zalezinhlobo ezweni lethu yatholwa okokuqala eMoscow Zoo ngo-1959. Namuhla, izinyoni zizalela ngempumelelo ezinkulisa nasezindaweni zokulondolozwa kwezilwane, okwathi ngemuva kwazo izazi zezinyoni zivumelanisa amachwane aye endle zaziyekele ziye ezindaweni zazo zemvelo.
Ezindaweni zokwakhiwa kwalezi zinyoni, izinqolobane nezindawo zokuvikela imvelo zenziwe, lapho izinyoni zingahlala khona zikhulise inzalo. Izindawo ezivikelwe nazo sezibekiwe ezindaweni zobusika zezinyoni. Isibalo sonke sezinyoni sathathwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa, futhi ubukhulu besibalo sabantu, imizila yokufuduka, isimo sempilo sezinyoni ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo nezasebusika silawulwa izazi zezinyoni.
Ukugcina inani lezinyoni, sonke kudingeka siqaphele imvelo, sizame ukungangcolisi imvelo. Yakha izindawo zokwelapha emafektri ukuze imfucuza yokukhiqiza ingangeni emanzini futhi ingangcolisi imvelo. Sebenzisa ezinye izinto zokubasa. Zama ukusebenzisa kabusha imfucuza bese uyisebenzisa kabusha. Lezi zinyathelo ngeke zisize kuphela ukubuyisa inani lamahansi, kodwa futhi zenze impilo ibe lula kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo.
Ihansi elibomvu inyoni enhle ngokumangalisayo. Bahlakaniphe impela, banezindlela zabo zokuphila endle, kodwa-ke, kunezici lapho izindlela zokuzivikela zingenamandla, njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kanye nokufika kwabantu ezindaweni zemvelo zezinyoni.Abantu bayakwazi ukuvikela amahansi anezibele ezibomvu, futhi babuyise inani lalezi zinyoni, masikwenzele izizukulwane ezizayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07.01.
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/13/2019 ngo-16: 33