Inja endizayo - isilwane esincelisayo esingaqondakali kakhulu, esihlangana naso, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, esingashiyi muntu engenandaba. Impilo yakhe imbozwe izinganekwane eziningi nezinganekwane. Amalulwane ahlotshaniswa nezwe elingaphandle, emasikweni amaningi anedumela elimnyama, elibi. Kaningi badideka ngamalulwane.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Inja endizayo
Amalulwane ezithelo zasebusuku noma izinja ezindizayo yizilwane ezincelisayo zomndeni welulwane wezithelo kanye nohlobo lwamaLulwane. Izinsalela zamalulwane ezindala kakhulu zatholakala e-United States futhi zabuyela emuva e-Eocene yokuqala - cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 edlule. Izinsalela ezihambelana neMiocene zikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi amalulwane abhekana nokushintshwa okunamandla kwezinguquko ezingekho emthethweni kwemvelo, okungukuthi, imisebe yezinhlobo. Lolu hlobo yilona oluyivelakancane embhalweni wezinsalela.
Ividiyo: Inja endizayo
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-9 zezinja ezindizayo, zona ezihlukaniswe ngama-subgenera amathathu:
- i-Egyptian Flying Dog - edume kakhulu, ehlala emakoloni futhi edla izithelo;
- i-chain-tailed;
- inja yokwelapha;
- amalulwane emigede - kuphela akwazi ukukhipha amasignali alula kakhulu e-ultrasonic;
- Inja endizayo yamaComorian;
- holospinal;
- Wase-Uganda;
- IMadagascar - itholakala kuphela eMadagascar;
- thandeka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlobo zemihume zingaphatha amagciwane ayingozi kakhulu, njenge-Ebola. Ngasikhathi sinye, amalulwane ezithelo zaseGibhithe kwesinye isikhathi agcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo okuhle. Kulula ukuziqeqesha futhi azinaso isici esingemnandi sephunga lezinja eziningi ezindizayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inja endizayo ibukeka kanjani
Izifinyela zalezi zidalwa ziyefana kakhulu nezempungushe noma inja, nokwakheka kwebhokisi logebhezi kuseduze nokwakheka kwamabhokisi ogebhezi lwamaphimpi aphansi. Usayizi womzimba wenja endizayo incike ezinhlotsheni. Ubude bungahluka kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-40 cm, nesisindo kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-900 gram. Amaphiko abantu abakhulu kakhulu afinyelela ku-170 cm.
Umbala wamalulwane ezithelo zasebusuku uvame ukuba nsundu kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ungathola abantu abanombala ophuzi noma ohlaza okotshani wamaphiko, ngisho namabala amhlophe kuwo. Abesilisa bayakhanya, nabesifazane bancane ngosayizi futhi banesizotha ngokwengeziwe ngombala.
Izinja ezindizayo zinomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga nokubona. Amazinyo abo agcinelwa kuphela ukutshala ukudla. Ulimi lwalezi zilwane ezincelisayo lumbozwe ama-papillae amancane; kwezinye izinhlobo lunobude obuhle kakhulu. Izidladla zalezi zilwane ziyaqina kakhulu ngozipho olude, ulwelwesi lwe-interfemoral ezinhlotsheni eziningi lusesimweni sokungathuthuki.
Iningi lamalulwane ezithelo asebusuku awanamsila, zinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zawo, kepha zincane kakhulu. Kukhona uhlobo olulodwa kuphela olunomsila kanokusho - ilulwane lezithelo ezinomsila omude. Ubude bamathumbu ezinjeni ezindizayo bucishe buphindwe kane ubude kunobude bomzimba wabo. Lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukwenza imisindo engajwayelekile, ngokwesibonelo, engafana nokuklanywa kwewashi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngokungafani namalulwane, yinye kuphela uhlobo lwamalulwane ezithelo asebenzisa i-echolocation yokuma esikhaleni.
Manje uyazi ukuthi inja endizayo ibukeka kanjani. Ake sibone ukuthi uhlala kuphi lo Kalong.
Ihlala kuphi inja endizayo?
Isithombe: Inja endizayo emvelweni
Wonke amalulwane akuleli qembu ahlala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele kuphela:
- ENtshonalanga neNingizimu Afrika;
- yonke i-Australia;
- ENingizimu Asia, Oceania, India.
Amalulwane ezithelo asebusuku atholakala ngobuningi eMaldives, eningizimu yeJapane, eSyria naseningizimu ye-Iran. Amalulwane ezithelo asebusuku awahlali nhlobo endaweni yaseRussia. Izinja ezindizayo zikhetha amahlathi, imihume, izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ezilahliwe noma ngisho namathuna nezinye izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo. EGibhithe, lezi zilwane zitholakala kuma-pyramid, ama-labyrinths kanye namaphaseji azenza indawo yokukhosela ethembekile kakhulu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, isimo sezulu esibi nomoya.
Amalulwane ajwayele ukuhlala eduze nezingadi namapulazi. Kwezinye izindawo, lezi zidalwa sezihambile, njengoba abalimi bezibulala ngobuningi bazo. Isizathu esikhulu ukuthi izinja ezindizayo zenza umonakalo omkhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla zezithelo lapho zidla izithelo zazo ezingakavuthwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inja ezindizayo enkulu kunazo zonke, iKalong, ihlala e-Afrika, ubukhulu babantu abadala kwesinye isikhathi budlula amasentimitha angama-40 ngobude bengalo cishe obungamasentimitha angama-22. Inyama yalesi silwane iyadliwa futhi ibhekwa njengomsoco futhi imnandi impela. Abantu bendawo babamba inqwaba yamaKalong futhi bawathengise ezimakethe lapho zifunwa kahle khona.
Idlani inja endizayo?
Isithombe: Inja Yezindiza yaseGibhithe
Izinja ezindizayo zondla kakhulu izithelo futhi ikakhulukazi ezingakavuthwa. Zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amagundane ezithelo. Ezinye izinhlobo azizideleli izinambuzane. Lezi zilwane zithola ukudla zisebenzisa ukubona okuhle kakhulu nephunga. Zidla njalo endaweni yazo engaguquki, okungukuthi, zinamathela zibheke phansi egatsheni lesihlahla.
Amalulwane ezithelo ayakwazi ukukhetha ngqo endizeni. Kwesinye isikhathi badla wonke uginindela, abanye abantu baphuza ijusi kuphela. Ukukhula okuncane kukhetha umpe wezimbali njengokudla, kumunca impova yezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwezithelo, izilwane ezinamakhala ngamapayipi zidla izinambuzane. Izinja ezindizayo zidinga amanzi amaningi ngosuku. Bangaphuza ngisho namanzi olwandle anosawoti ukuze babuyise isilinganiso sosawoti wamanzi. Ukufuna ukudla noma ichibi, bangahamba amakhilomitha afika ku-100 endizeni eyodwa, ikakhulu bahamba ebusuku.
Inja endizayo yaseGibhithe ivumelanisa kalula nempilo ekuthunjweni. Izilwane zidinga indawo ebanzi njengoba zidinga ukundiza. Njengomthetho, azikho izinkinga ngokudla okunomsoco, ngoba cishe zonke izithelo zase-tropical, ngisho nezingakavuthwa ngokuphelele, ziphelele njengokudla. Ukuthola amanzi mahhala ubusuku nemini kubaluleke kakhulu, uma kungenjalo lezi zidalwa zingafa ngokushesha ngenxa yokwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: AbaseScotland basenenkolelo yokuthi lapho amalulwane asebusuku ehamba, kufika isikhathi sabathakathi. ENgilandi, ukubonakala okuphindaphindiwe kwalezi zilwane eziyimfihlakalo eduze kwendlu kubhekwa njengezimbangi zokufa okuseduze kwelungu elilodwa lomndeni.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inja yelulwane endizayo
Njengoba sekucacile vele egameni lale nhlobo - ilulwane lezithelo lasebusuku, lezi zilwane zisebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Emini, zilenga zibheke phansi emagatsheni futhi zibukeka njengesithelo esingajwayelekile sendawo eshisayo noma isixha samaqabunga omisiwe. Izinja ezindizayo zilala ngamaqembu abantu abayi-100 noma ngaphezulu. Emini bangabuye bacashe emihumeni, emigodini noma ezihlahleni zezakhiwo, emifantwini yamatshe. Kwesinye isikhathi izinja ezindizayo ziyasebenza ngisho nasemini. I-Hibernation ayiyona into ejwayelekile kubo.
Amalulwane yizilwane zomphakathi. Zibuthana ngamaqembu ezilwane ezindala ezifika kwenkulungwane. Umuntu ngamunye uyilungu lomndeni omkhulu wezinja ezindizayo. Zonke ziyanakekelana, zigade futhi zivikele uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Ngesikhathi sokudla nokuphumula emini, amalulwane athela izithelo abeka uhlobo lwabalindi abaqapha isimo ezungeze futhi babike usongo ngemisindo ephezulu efana nokuhayiza.
Abahambi bayofuna ukudla njengomhlambi wonke, kepha bazelula kolayini abade. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi uma iqembu lamalulwane ezithelo asebusuku lingaphazanyiswa, khona-ke lingahlala endaweni eyodwa amashumi amaningi eminyaka, likushiyele ukuzondla kuphela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: E-aviary noma ekhaya, ilulwane lezithelo lasebusuku lingaphila iminyaka engafika kwengu-20 noma ngaphezulu. Endaweni yabo yemvelo, baphila kancane kakhulu, imvamisa hhayi ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-5-8.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inja endizayo indiza
Unyaka owodwa, izinja ezindizayo zezinsikazi ziletha kuphela ingalo eyodwa kuphela. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Insikazi ithela izithelo izinsuku eziyi-145-190. Ngaphandle kokukhaphela amasiko abo, izinja ezindizayo ziyazala, zilenga zibheke phansi esihlahleni. Ngasikhathi sinye, isilwane sivale amaphiko aso, sakhe uhlobo lwesisu sengane esanda kuzalwa. Iwela ngamaphiko, izinyane ngokushesha likhasa esifubeni sikanina futhi linamathela ngokushesha kwingono.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ilulwane elincane lezithelo lihlala lihlala nonina izinsuku ezimbalwa futhi aliphathe naye, bese kancane kancane eqala ukulishiya egatsheni lesihlahla lapho liyokondla. Izingane zezinja ezindizayo zizalwa zibona, umzimba wazo umbozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya. Zondla ngobisi izinyanga ezifika kwezintathu. Izilwane ezincane zikwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele kuphela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2-3, lapho zifunda ukundiza kahle futhi ziziqonde emkhathini.
Intsha esikhulile isivele inoshevu nowesifazane ukuzingela, ukuba matasa kakhulu, ukusebenzisana namanye amalungu omhlambi omkhulu. Ukuze kuthi ngesikhathi sokuzingela nangezindiza, izinyane lingaphambuki futhi lingalahleki, insikazi ilinike amasiginali lisebenzisa i-ultrasound. Amalulwane ezithelo asebusuku avuthwa ngokocansi cishe ngezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo zamalulwane
Isithombe: Inja endizayo ibukeka kanjani
Azikho izitha eziningi zemvelo ezinjeni ezindizayo, imvamisa kuyizinyoni ezidla inyama. Kaningi ziyabacasula imikhaza ehlukahlukene kanye nezibungu ezincela igazi. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi amalulwane ezithelo asebusuku angaba ngabathwali bezifo ezimbi kakhulu eziyingozi kubantu. Uma izilwane zihlala edolobheni, amakati nezinja zingazihlasela.
Inani lalezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezingavamile, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika, lehla ngezikhathi ezithile lize libe ngamanani abucayi ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu:
- inani elikhulu labantu libhujiswa abalimi ngenxa yokuthi bavame ukuhlasela ngamaqembu amakhulu ezingadini ezinezithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo;
- phakathi kwabantu abathile, inyama yalesi silwane ibhekwa njengemnandi kakhulu, enomsoco futhi isetshenziselwa ukudla;
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali epulazini kuthinta kabi inani lamalulwane ezithelo asebusuku, njengoba ukudla kwawo okuvamile kuyizithelo nompe.
Ngemuva kokuqubuka kwe-Ebola, izakhamizi zezindawo eziningi eGabon, eCongo nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika zimemezele ukuthi zizingele lezi zilwane zasebusuku, ziziqede ngamakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Naphezu komonakalo omkhulu umhlambi wamalulwane wezithelo ongawenza emasimini ezihlahla zezithelo, engadini yezithelo ngesikhathi esifushane, zibamba iqhaza ekuvundeni impova yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokudluliswa kwembewu yazo. Ezinye izinhlobo zibulala izinambuzane eziyingozi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinja ezindizayo
Esikhathini esithile esidlule, inani labantu bezinhlobo eziningi zezinja ezindizayo lalisongelwa. Isizathu esiyinhloko isenzo sabantu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokukhula kwamadolobha okulala emini kwalezi zidalwa zasebusuku, kunezindawo ezingaphansi nezincane. Ngaphandle kokuthi isibalo samalulwane ezithelo asebusuku sesibuyisiwe manje futhi lolu hlobo alusongelwa ngokuqedwa ngokuphelele, amazwe amaningi akhathazekile ngekusasa lawo futhi enza izindlela eziningi zokuzivikela okuhloswe ngazo ukuxhasa nokugcina inani lamalulwane ezithelo.
Ngokufana, lezi zidalwa ziqhutshwa ngenkuthalo. Amalulwane ezithelo zasebusuku ajwayela abantu ngokushesha, athembeke kakhulu kumnikazi, akwazi ukubamba ngekhanda nokwenza imiyalo elula kakhulu. Kwamanye amazwe, kuye kwavinjelwa ukubanjwa kwezinja ezindizayo ukuze zisetshenziswe njengokudla, kepha njengoba lezi kuyizifundazwe ezinempilo ephansi nje, imigoqo ivame ukwephulwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kaningi, inja endizayo nempungushe endizayo kubhekwa njengabamele uhlobo olufanayo, kepha lokhu kungumbono oyiphutha. Yize kunesibalo esithandekayo sokufana ekubukekeni, ekuziphatheni nasekwakhiweni kwezitho, kanye nokushoda kwe-echolocation ethuthukisiwe, lezi zilwane zingamalungu ohlobo oluhlukile. Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kuphela okungenza ukuhlukaniswa okunembile.
Ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu lezinganekwane ezahlukahlukene, inja endizayo ayinayo amakhono angaqondakali, empeleni, isidalwa esingenabungozi kakhulu esinomzwelo womama othuthukiswe ngokukhethekile. Kaningi ziyadideka namalulwane, yize uma uwabuka ngokucophelela, abukeka emuhle ngokwedlulele.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05.11.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 03.09.2019 ngo-21: 33
