Ikati lehlathi lase-Amur Isilwane esihle kakhulu, esihle. Elamakati aseBengal futhi ahlobene nengwe yase-Amur kanye nengwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude. Emithonjeni eminingi yezincwadi, itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lekati laseMpumalanga Ekude. Isikhathi eside abantu bebenganaki ukubaluleka kwalolu hlobo lwesilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lezilwane lehle kakhulu, futhi cishe lisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ikati lehlathi lase-Amur
Ikati lasehlathini lase-Amur yisilwane esingezilwane ezincelisayo. Ungummeli we-oda lezidliwayo, umndeni we-feline, umndeni omncane wamakati amancane, uhlobo lwamakati ase-Asia, izinhlobo zamakati aseBengal, ama-subspecies amakati asehlathini lase-Amur.
I-Far East ibhekwa njengezwe lomlando wekati lehlathi laseBengal. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abakwazi ukunikeza incazelo eningiliziwe yemvelaphi nokuvela kwalesi silwane. Yaqala ukuchazwa ngo-1871. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ushushiso lwaqala ngaye. Ikati lazingelwa abazingeli abangekho emthethweni ukuze bathole uboya obubalulekile ekukhiqizeni amakhola nezigqoko.
Ividiyo: Ikati lehlathi lase-Amur
Izazi eziningi zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi amahlosi ama-Amur namakati asemahlathini anokhokho abavamile basendulo futhi umlando wabo ubuyela emuva cishe eminyakeni eyisigidi nesigamu. Izinsalela zokhokho basendulo bezilwane zitholakale endaweni yaseChina yanamuhla, esiqhingini saseJava. Ngokwezibonakaliso ezithile, kwatholakala ukuthi lezi zinsalela zazingezesilwane esasiyilungu lesigaba se-Panther Paleogenesis. Kamuva, okhokho balezi zilwane basakazekela e-Asia, eSiberia nakwezinye izindawo. Indawo abahlala kuyo yayinkulu impela.
Isikhathi eside, ososayensi bebenganaki ukubaluleka kwalolu hlobo lwesilwane nhlobo, bengaziboni zibalulekile. Ubudedengu obunjalo buholele emiphumeleni engenakulungiseka, ngenxa yalokho inani lezilwane lehla laya ezinombolweni ezibucayi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ikati lasehlathini lase-Amur
Ngaphandle, ikati lasehlathini lase-Amur lifana kakhulu nekati elikhulu, eligobhoza. Inezici eziningi zesici.
Izici zesici sesilwane:
- izitho ezinde ezinomusa;
- imilenze yangemuva mide kancane kunaleyo yangaphambili;
- ikhanda elihlanzekile, elimise kahle, lithe cwe emakhaleni;
- Esifubeni kunama-vibrissae aminyene, amade;
- umhlathi onamandla, oqinile onemigqa emide ebukhali.
Phakathi kwabamele umndeni we-feline, amakati e-Amur angenye yezincane kakhulu. Isisindo somuntu omdala singama-6-8 kilograms. Ukuphakama kokubuna kungamasentimitha angama-40-50, ubude bomzimba cishe buyimitha. Kulezi zilwane, i-dimorphism yezocansi iyabonakala impela - abesifazane babuthakathaka futhi banomusa ngokuqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Izilwane zibonakala ngokuba nomsila omude, omncane futhi obushelelezi kakhulu. Ubude bale ngxenye yomzimba bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amakati ase-Amur ehlathini anomzimba oguquguqukayo, onomusa, ohlangene. Ubuhle nomusa kubonakala kakhulu ekuhambeni kwesilwane. Izilwane zinemisipha ethuthuke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ziyehluka ekubekezeleni nasemandleni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isici esivelele sezilwane ubukhona besiqeshana sesikhumba esingenalutho ebhulohweni lekhala.
Amakati anamehlo azwakalayo, ajulile futhi ahlukaniswe eduze nezindlebe ezincane, eziyindilinga. Ingxenye engaphambili yesifonyo ibanzi futhi inesifiso esiqinile. Ikhala libanzi futhi liyisicaba. Uboya balezi zilwane ezimangalisayo budinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Iwugqinsi, imfishane futhi iyathambile. Izinwele zokuqapha zifinyelela kumasentimitha amahlanu ubude. Ebusika, uboya besilwane buba bukhulu futhi bukhanye ukuze bunikeze ukufudumala nokufihla phakathi nenkathi ebandayo.
Umbala wezilwane ungahluka kakhulu: kusuka ophuzi nampunga kuya konsundu nonsundu. Umzimba ongezansi, isisu, izitho kanye ne-lateral surface yomzimba zihlala zikhanya ngombala. Kunezindawo ezimise okweqanda okwezitho ezahlukahlukene zomzimba. Ziyindingilizi ngesimo, zifakwe kumbuthano omnyama. Abantu abasha banamabala amaningi emzimbeni kunabantu abadala noma izilwane ezindala.
Uhlala kuphi ikati lasehlathini lase-Amur?
Isithombe: Ikati lamahlathi e-Amur eRussia
Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zilwane zitholakala endaweni yazo yemvelo ezigodini zamachibi, ezingxenyeni zezintaba eziphansi, endaweni yamadlelo namathafa anotshani obude nezimila. Kutholakala emibhedeni yomhlanga eminyene. Ngokuvamile bangaba yizakhamuzi zamahlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azikhethi lapho kukhethwa izindawo ezingamahlathi. Abanye abantu bangakhuphuka izintaba ziye ekuphakameni okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-400-550 ngaphezu kolwandle. Izilwane ezinjalo zivame ukutholakala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Okuhlukile yizifunda lapho kuhlelwa khona imisebenzi emikhulu yezolimo.
Amakati wehlathi lama-Amur anethezekile azizwa esendaweni yeziqiwu, futhi evikelekile izindawo zehlathi, lapho kungabikho muntu ozobaphazamisa. Isilwane sithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezifihlekile ebusweni bomhlaba. Akujwayelekile ukuthi akhuphuke kakhulu. Kungavela ngezikhathi ezithile ku-taiga.
Lapho kuqala ubusika nesimo sezulu esibandayo, ngesikhathi lapho kuwa khona iqhwa, eligcwele uqweqwe lweqhwa, izilwane zicasha ezindaweni zokukhosela eziphephile. Ngakho-ke, imifantu yamatshe, imigodi ebanzi yezihlahla, imingxunya eshiywe futhi engenalutho yezinye izilwane ingasetshenziswa. Amakati angashiya izindawo zawo zokukhosela kuphela ngesikhathi lapho uqweqwe lweqhwa luqina futhi luqine ngokwanele ukuxhasa umzimba wesilwane esincane esintofontofo.
Ngokwemvelo, izilwane zinamahloni kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuzibona. Lapho umuntu noma esinye isilwane sisondela, bayashesha bacashe endaweni yabo yokuhlala noma bagibele phezulu esihlahleni.
Idlani ikati lehlathi lase-Amur?
Isithombe: Ikati lehlathi lase-Amur elivela eRed Book
Imikhuba yokudla incike ngqo enkathini nasenkathini. Ngenkathi efudumele, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ikati lizama ukugcina inani lamafutha amaningi ukuze likhuthazelele amakhaza nokuntuleka kokudla. Esikhathini esifudumele, ikati elilodwa elinjalo liyakwazi ukudla amagundane angafika kwamabili kuya kwamathathu nezinyoni eziningana, yize lincane kakhulu. Ngenxa yokudla okuningi okunjalo ngenkathi efudumele, isilwane asikwazi ukudla lutho ebusika amasonto ambalwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wonke amanye amakati ayizilwane ezidla imvelo nabazingeli abahle kakhulu, ikati lasehlathini lase-Amur lihlukile emthethweni ojwayelekile. Kuyaqabukela eshiya indawo yakhe yokuhlala, elinde inyamazane ukuba izulazule endaweni yakhe yokuhlala. Ngale ndlela, kwesinye isikhathi uyakwazi ukuthola amagundane anele.
Isisekelo sokudla sekati lehlathi lase-Amur:
- hares;
- izinyoni ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene;
- amagundane;
- ezihuquzelayo;
- imvube.
Kwezinye izimo, amakati angazingela inyamazane enkulu - inyamazane encane noma inyamazane yenyamazane. Akujwayelekile ukuthi lezi zilwane zizingele kaningi, kepha ngokwemvelo zinikezwe umusa omangalisayo nekhono lokuzingela. Zikhetha indawo yokuqamekela bese zilinda inyamazane yazo. Ukuzingela kuvame ukuphumelela, ngoba bangabagibeli abahle kakhulu ezihlahleni ezide futhi bangahlasela inyamazane yabo phezulu.
Ezimweni eziningi, isisulu asinaso ngisho nesikhathi sokubona ukuthi sesizobhujiswa. Isidlakela esidlayo siyambamba futhi silume intamo yakhe ngamazinyo amade futhi abukhali. Isikhathi esiningi bayahamba bezingela ebumnyameni, kuthi emini bacashe ezindaweni zabo zokukhosela. Uma amakati ehlala eduze nezindawo ezihlala abantu, angazingela izinkukhu nezinye izinkukhu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ikati lamahlathi e-Amur ebusika
Amakati e-Amur ngokwemvelo ayizilwane ezingajahi, ezinomusa, futhi eziqaphele kakhulu. Bajwayele ukuhola indlela yokuphila bodwa. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, lapho kuqala inkathi yokuzala, bahlangana ngamaqembu.
Yonke indawo yokuhlala amakati asehlathini lase-Amur ihlukaniswe phakathi kwabantu ngabanye ngezigcawu. Kukhona cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-8-10 kumuntu ngamunye omdala. Lezi zidalwa zinokunamathela okuqinile esifundeni sazo semvelo. Bayishiya ngokungafani okungajwayelekile kuphela uma kunesidingo esikhulu. Babuye bathambekele ekuvikeleni indawo abahlala kuyo kuzivakashi ezingamenyiwe. Imvamisa esimweni lapho esinye isilwane singena impahla yamakati, balwa naye.
Ngokwemvelo, izidumbu zinikezwe umuzwa obukhali nobuhlakani. Izilwane eziningi ziyakwazi lokhu, futhi azinakulokotha zihlasele ikati, noma ngabe usayizi walo uncane kaningana. Enkambisweni yokuhlaselwa noma yomzabalazo, bakhetha amaqhinga okulinda. Bahlola isimo ngokunembile. Zonke izenzo zekati zilinganisiwe kakhulu.
Abadli bezilwane bavame ukukhetha ngekhono futhi bahlomise indawo yokuhlala. Bakhetha izindawo engingacasha kuzo kuwo wonke umuntu. Lokhu kungaba yimpilo yamadwala, izindawo ezimbozwe yiqhwa emahlathini, lapho kunzima ukufinyelela khona.
Amakati e-Amur cishe awakhiphi imisindo. Cishe okuwukuphela kwento izilwane ezikhiphayo ukukhala kwecilongo, ngosizo lwazo abesilisa ababiza abesifazane. Izilwane ziguqulwa ngokuphelele ukuze ziphile ebusika obunzima. Zinciphisa zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ikati lehlathi lase-Amur ngokwemvelo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwezilwane siwela ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - Mashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukubhonga kwabesilisa kuzwakala njalo ehlathini, okwenza ukuthi izinsikazi zenze izithandani nezimpelesi. Lesi ukuphela kwesikhathi lapho abantu behlangana ngababili ukukhiqiza inzalo futhi bayikhulise.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, isikhathi sokumitha siyaqala, esihlala kuze kube amasonto ayishumi. Owesifazane ngamunye uyakwazi ukuzala cishe ama-3-4 amawundlu. Amakati amahlathi e-Amur angabazali abahle kakhulu abazinakekela kakhulu izingane zabo.
Amakati amancane azalwa, angaguquguquki ngokuphelele empilweni ezimele. Ababoni, cishe abanaboya. Ikati libondla ngobisi lwalo izinyanga ezifika kwezingu-2-3. Izinsuku eziyishumi ngemuva kokuzalwa, amehlo abo avulekile, nangesifiso sokufunda ngomhlaba obazungezile cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5-2. Ngezinyanga eziyisithupha cishe sezikulungele ukuhlukaniswa nabazali bazo.
Ekuqaleni, amakati anesikhwele ikakhulukazi ngenzalo yawo, ngoba ayazi ukuthi anezitha eziningi, futhi amakati awakwazi ukuzivikela ngokweqile. Lapho ezwa ingozi, amakati ahudulela masinyane inzalo yawo kwenye indawo ecashile. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni izingane. Umsebenzi wesilisa ukuvikela nokunikeza ukudla kwezinsikazi zakhe nezinsikazi.
Kunezimo lapho amakati e-Amur alahla amawundlu awo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile kakhulu, futhi kuphela kwabesifazane bokuqala. Imvamisa amantshontsho alahlwe ngamakati afuywayo akhuliswa. Ngenxa yokufana kwamakati afuywayo, izilwane ezihlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala kwabantu zinezimo zokuhlangana namakati afuywayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izazi zezilwane zikwazile ukuthola ukuthi ngenxa yokuwela okunjalo, bonke abesilisa bazalwa bengenazintsholongwane, nabesifazane bayakwazi ukuzala izingane.
Izitha zemvelo zekati lehlathi lase-Amur
Isithombe: Ikati lasehlathini lase-Wild Amur
Ngaphandle kokuthi amakati amahlathi e-Amur angabazingeli abahle kakhulu, abaqaphe kakhulu nabashesha ukuqonda, banenqwaba yezitha zemvelo.
Izitha zemvelo zesilwane:
- impisi;
- inyoni;
- marten;
- i-lynx;
- amahlosi;
- izikhova;
- ama-wolverines;
- ama-ferrets.
Isitha ngasinye salezi zingenhla ngeke siphuthelwe yithuba, kwesinye isikhathi, lokuzingela ikati lasehlathini lase-Amur, noma iwundlu lalo. Izilwane ezidla ebusuku, eziya ukuzingela kusihlwa, ngasikhathi sinye njengamakati e-Amur, zibeka usongo olukhethekile ezilwaneni. Izilwane eziyingozi kakhulu ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala, kubantu abavuthiwe ngokobulili, kodwa kumantshontsho amancane angavikeli. Kunzima ukulandela abantu abadala, ngoba abashiyi indawo yokucasha ephephile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona, ngaphandle kokwesaba, bangena empini ngisho nabazingeli abakhulu nabanolwazi oluningi. Imvamisa emzabalazweni ongalingani, amakati ayawina ngenxa yobuhlakani bawo nobuqili bawo. Abantu kaningi ababeki usongo ezilwaneni. Azingelwa noma adutshulwe. Emazweni amaningi omhlaba, lezi zilwane ezizingelayo ziyatholakala futhi zizalelwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ikati lasehlathini lase-Amur
Ngenxa yobudedengu nobudedengu babantu, amakati asehlathini lase-Amur ayesengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Mayelana nalokhu, bafakwa eRed Book laseRussia. Futhi zivikelwe ngumhlangano weSites. Ngokwemiyalelo yokugcina, izazi zezilwane zenze imizamo eminingi yokwakha izimo ezifanele zokuphila kwamakati e-Amur. Namuhla zikhona ensimini yemithombo ehlukahlukene kanye namapaki kazwelonke. Mayelana nalokhu, kusanda kubonwa ukwanda kwenani lalezi zilwane ezinomusa.
Usongo olukhulu ekuhlaleni kwalaba bameleli bomndeni wekati ukuncishwa kwendawo yabo yemvelo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukulinywa komhlaba nokuthuthukiswa kwabantu ezindaweni ezinkulu. Ukushiswa kwamahlathi kudlale indima enkulu ekwehleni kwabantu. Kancane kancane, isimo sabantu sathonywa ukufuywa, ukuhlanganiswa ngamakati afuywayo nokuzingela.
Abantu abazinzile kakhulu futhi abaningi bahlala ezifundeni zaseKhanka naseKhasan zePrimorsky Territory. Kulezi zifunda, inani elilinganiselwe labantu ngu-3-4 ngamamitha ayisikwele ayi-10. Kuwo wonke Primorsky Territory, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane 2-3 bahlala. EJapane, inani lamakati mancane kakhulu, cishe abantu abayisithupha kuya kwabayisikhombisa bahlala ensimini yama-zoo, lapho izazi zezilwane zizama ukuwafuya.
Ukuvikelwa kwekati lehlathi lase-Amur
Isithombe: Ikati lehlathi lase-Amur elivela eRed Book
Amakati aseMpumalanga Ekude abhalwe kuRed Book. Bagadiwe. EJapan, izilwane nazo zingaphansi kokuvikelwa nguhulumeni. Encwadini Ebomvu Yomhlaba Wonke, lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zinikezwe isikhundla sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Kamuva nje kuphela inani lalezi zinhlobo laqala ukwanda kancane kancane. Ngokusho kososayensi, inani elilinganisiwe lezilwane emhlabeni wonke alidluli izinkulungwane ezine zabantu. Ngo-2004, iRussia yaze yakhipha uchungechunge lwemali eyisikhumbuzo eveza ikati lama-Amur njengophawu lwesidingo sokulondolozwa kwalezi zilwane.
Izilwane zihlala endaweni yokulondolozwa okuningana namapaki kazwelonke ePrimorsky Krai:
- umhlaba wengwe;
- umsedari;
- khanka;
- Ussuri;
- mthoko.
Esifundeni iKhabarovsk, zigcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo zeBolshekhekhiretsky Reserve. Ezifundeni lapho isilwane sihlala ezimweni zemvelo, kubekwa isijeziso sokuphatha ngendlela yokuhlawuliswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubanjwa ingxoxo echazayo nabantu mayelana nezinzuzo zamakati ekulweni namagundane nezinye izinambuzane kanye namavector wezifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi.
Ikati lehlathi lase-Amur - lo ummeleli omuhle kakhulu futhi onomusa womndeni we-feline, osengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Namuhla, kuncike kuphela kubantu ukuthi isibalo sezilwane singalulama yini.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03.11.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 02.09.2019 ngo-23: 07
