I-Flycatcher - leso sinambuzane esivame ukutholakala ehlathini noma epaki, nasendlini yangasese, ekotishi noma efulethini. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okunengekayo, ubukhulu obumangazayo (ngokuqondene nesinambuzane) nokunyakaza okunamandla, lesi sidalwa singethusa noma ngubani. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi i-flycatcher iyinambuzane enokuthula, ngaphezu kwalokho, iyathakazelisa kakhulu futhi ifanelwe ukufunda okwengeziwe ngayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Flycatcher
Ngokombono wesayensi, i-flycatcher ejwayelekile (Latin Scutigera coleoptrata) ayisona isinambuzane nhlobo, njengoba abantu abaningi abavamile bakholelwa, kodwa i-centipede. Yebo, kunjalo, ngoba ingeyomndeni wama-arthropods, uhlobo lwawo lwe-centipede, uhlobo lweScutigera. Kulandela lokhu ukuthi ama-centipedes akuzona izinambuzane nhlobo, kodwa izihlobo zawo eziseduze kuphela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoOkwamanje, izazi zezinambuzane zazi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweziyizinkulungwane eziyi-12 zama-millipedes, okuhlanganisa nezinsalela eziyi-11.
Ubungako bokubamba okudala obudala buxhomeke ebudaleni bayo futhi bungahluka phakathi kwamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayi-6. Futhi, ubukhulu bayo bungathonywa yindawo yokuhlala kanye nenani lokudla. Njengomthetho, umzimba wayo unombala onsundu ophuzi, onsundu noma ompunga ngemivimbo ephephuli noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiswini. Imilenze eminingi ye-centipede nayo inemibala engalingani.
Ividiyo: Flycatcher
Umzimba we-flycatcher, njengawo wonke ama-arthropods, umbozwe ngenhla ngegobolondo elingaphandle eliminyene noma i-exoskeleton, eliyivikelayo kumathonya angaphandle nokulimala. I-exoskeleton iqukethe i-sclerotin ne-chitin. Umzimba we-flycatcher endala uvame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyi-15, uyisicaba futhi uyindilinga. Isigaba ngasinye sinemilenze emibili. Okusho ukuthi, inani labo eliphelele lingu-30.
Noma ubhekisisa umcuphi, ngeke kusheshe kucace ukuthi ikhanda layo livela kuluphi uhlangothi lomzimba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imilenze emibili yokugcina, ezinhlangothini zombili, iyathandeka ngobude futhi ibukeka njengamadevu. Imilenze emibili yokuqala (leyo etholakala ekhanda) nayo yehlukile kweminye ngoba idlala indima yemihlathi yomlenze, edingekayo ekubambeni isisulu ngesikhathi sokuzingela, kanye nokuvikelwa ezitheni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umdobi wezimpukane osanda kuzalwa unamabhangqa amane kuphela emilenze. Njengoba ikhula, kuvela ama-molts amaningana, ngenxa yalokho ama-pair asele avele kancane kancane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-flycatcher
Njengoba kushiwo phambilini, umuntu oshaya impukane osekhulile angaba ubude obungu-6 cm.Ngasikhathi sinye, kubukeka njengesicabucabu esinoboya obukhulu kakhulu, isibungu noma isiphuku. Umbala womzimba wakhe usukela ophuzi, onsundu kuya kokumpunga ngemivimbo ehlukile ephephuli noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka egijima yonke indlela emuva komhlane wakhe. Imilenze yayo emide nayo inemivimbo. I-centipede esanda kuzalwa inezingxenye ezine kuphela zomzimba kanye nenani elihambisanayo lamabhangqa emilenze.
I-flycatcher inamehlo amabili amancane anezici ekhanda layo, okuyinikeza umbono omuhle kakhulu, cishe oyindilinga yonke. Kukhona lapha amadevu amade kakhulu, aqukethe izingxenye eziningi, inani lawo elingafinyelela kumakhulu ayisithupha. Lezi zimpondo zizwela kakhulu futhi zingathatha imingcele eminingi yendawo yangaphandle, kanye nendlela yengozi.
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezidladla nokuhamba kwazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba, isongololo likwazi ukugijima ngokushesha okukhulu. Ijubane lokuhamba kwalo lingafinyelela ku-45-50 cm / sec. Okuyiyona "miningi imisebenzi" yimilenze yangaphambili yesiflatheli. Bayamvumela ukuba agijime ngejubane elifanele, elingavamile kwezinye izinambuzane, futhi abambe ngokuqinile isisulu esibanjiwe, futhi asebenze njengesivikelo esithembekile uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa isitha.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-flycatcher ibukeka kanjani. Ake sibone ukuthi lesi sinambuzane esingajwayelekile sitholakalaphi.
Uhlala kuphi umthumbi?
Isithombe: I-Flycatcher ngokwemvelo
Endaweni yabo yemvelo, abadobi bezimpukane bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezimnyama kakhulu, ezinomthunzi futhi ezinomswakama emahlathini, ezingadini nasemapaki. Imvamisa bazenzela ikhaya laphakade ngaphansi kwamatshe, iziqubu noma izinqwaba ezinkulu zamaqabunga awile. Ezikhathini ezingekho esizini nasebusika, ama-centipedes afuna isiphephelo emifantwini ejulile nasemifantwini ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla, emigodini, ezigodini ezindala ezibolile. Entwasahlobo, ngokuqala kwemfudumalo, bakhasa bephuma ezindaweni zokukhosela bese beqala ukuzifunela ukudla, kanye nokukhiqiza inzalo.
Ehlobo, lapho kufudumele ngaphandle, kodwa kungakashisi kakhulu, ababambi bezindiza bathanda ukuhlala ezindongeni zezakhiwo isikhathi eside futhi bathamele ilanga. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, ama-centipedes ayaphoqeleka ukuthi afune izimo zokuphila ezinethezekile, futhi ngenxa yalokhu angabonwa kaningi ezindlini zabantu. Ehlobo, abadobi bezimpukane bangangena futhi ezindlini nasemafulethini befuna ukuphola nomswakama.
Uma abadobi bezimpukane benomthombo oqhubekayo wokudla endaweni yokuhlala abantu, khona-ke bangahlala lapho unyaka wonke ngisho neminyaka eminingana ilandelana. Lapho, ama-centipedes ajwayele ukucasha ezindlini ezingaphansi, ezakhiweni ezingaphandle, ezindlini ezingaphansi, ngaphansi kwezindlu zokugezela, ngokuvamile, lapho kunethezekile, kumnyama, kufudumele futhi kunomswakama.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ENdiya nakwamanye amazwe ashisayo, lapho, ngenxa yezimo zezulu, kunezinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi futhi ezinobuthi, ababamba izimpukane ezindlini bajabule kakhulu.
Yini edliwa umcibisholo?
Isithombe: Flycatcher Yezinambuzane
Njengoba i-flycatcher ingeye-labipod centipedes, iyisilwane esidla ezinye. Ngalesi sizathu, lesi sinambuzane sidla ezinye izinambuzane futhi ngaleyo ndlela sithole ukudla kwaso.
Ama-arachnids nama-arthropods ahlukahlukene amancane angaba yisidlo sasemini sakhe, ibhulakufesi noma isidlo sakusihlwa:
- izimpukane;
- amaphela;
- izicabucabu;
- imikhaza;
- amazenze;
- imvukuzane;
- izimbungulu zombhede;
- inhlanzi yesiliva;
- izintwala.
Ngokuya ngalolu hlu olungenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi umcibisholo ubhubhisa izinambuzane ezilimaza kokubili ekhaya lomuntu nasensimini noma engadini yemifino. Kuvela ukuthi i-centipede, yize ibukeka isabisa, izuzisa kuphela. Akazonakalisi izitshalo noma ifenisha, akathinti ukudla, futhi ngokuvamile, uzama ukungazivezi kubantu.
Ngakho-ke, uma ngokungazelelwe ubone i-flycatcher endlini yakho noma kusayithi, khona-ke yazi: lesi yisinambuzane esisebenziseka kakhulu esizokusindisa "komakhelwane" abangadingeki lapho sibhekene namaphela, izimpukane nezinye izinhlekelele ezingemnandi.
Abazingeli bezimpukane bazingela besebenzisa izimpondo zabo ezizwela kakhulu nokubona okuhle. Njengoba sebeyibonile inyamazane, bahlasela ngokushesha, bayibambe ngemilenze yangaphambi kokuqina (imilenze) bese bejova ushevu okhubazekile. Ekupheleni kokudla, i-centipede icasha endlini yayo kuze kudliwe ukudla bese ilamba futhi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Flycatcher Ejwayelekile
Abadobi benyoni bakhetha ukuba sebusuku, yize bekwazi ukubonakala emini, kepha emthunzini. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle (amakhaza, ukushisa, isomiso), bajwayele ukufuna izindawo zokuhlala ezikahle. Ama-Centipedes awuhlobo lomjaho wejubane emhlabeni wezinambuzane, njengoba egijima ngejubane elingaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-40 ngomzuzwana.
Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, baphakamisa umzimba wabo ocacisiwe futhi ngokushesha, bathinte ngokushesha ngemilenze emide. Esimweni esizolile, abadobi bezimpukane bavame ukuhlala phezu kwendawo abakuyo, kungaba udonga lwendlu noma amagxolo esihlahla. Isakhiwo semilenze yabo sikuvumela ukuthi uhambe kalula kuzo zombili izindawo eziqondile nezime mpo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yomzimba wayo oguquguqukayo, abadobi bezindiza bangakhuphuka kalula emifantwini emincane kakhulu. Ngalokhu konke, izinambuzane zinamehlo abukhali nephunga, okuzivumela ukuba zibe abazingeli be-virtuoso.
Lapho izingela, ama-centipedes akhetha ukulinda inyamazane yawo, kunokuba ayijahe. Lapho nje kuvela inyamazane efanelekile eduzane, umcibisholo uyayigijimisa ngokushesha, alume igobolondo elinomuthi futhi ajove ubuthi obukhubazekile. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezidladla, umcibisholo wezindiza angabamba izinambuzane eziningana ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngokuqondene nabantu nezilwane ezifuywayo, ubuthi besilongololo abuyona ingozi kubo. Futhi akaphumeleli njalo ekulungeni ngesikhumba somuntu noma sesilwane. Uma i-flycatcher ikwazile ukuluma umuntu, okuthi, ngasendleleni, akwenze kuphela ngenhloso yokuzivikela, ukuluma kwakhe kuzwakala njengokulunywa yinyosi, kubuthakathaka kuphela. Ukulunywa nokushiswa nakho kuyavela, okunyamalala ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, futhi ukuvuvukala kwesici sokulunywa inyosi akuveli.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Flycatcher efulethini
Abadobi bezimpukane baphila kusukela eminyakeni emithathu kuya kweyisikhombisa, futhi bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi esikhathini esingangonyaka nengxenye ngemuva kokuzalwa. Bahola indlela yokuphila yodwa, kanti ama-millipedes azala kuphela ngenkathi efudumele - kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti. Abesilisa nabesifazane ngaphandle empeleni abahlukile komunye nomunye futhi bazitholela umbhangqwana kuphela ngephunga. Iphunga lidlala indima ebalulekile lapha. Uma i-flycatcher yesifazane ingalithandi iphunga lowesilisa, khona-ke ngeke ihlangane futhi izifunele umlingani ofaneleka ngokwengeziwe.
Ukukhwelana ngama-flycatchers kuyathakazelisa impela. Ngaphezu kwama-pheromone, owesilisa naye wenza imisindo ekhethekile ephansi, ecashile, nayo eheha insikazi. Lapho insikazi iseduze, owesilisa ngokushesha uluqa ukhokho wemicu kasilika omncane, lapho abeka khona uketshezi lwesisu (i-spermatophore). Insikazi, "ethandekile" ngama-pheromones nemisindo, ingena kukhokho, ngaleyo ndlela ikhombise owesilisa lapho ihlala khona, futhi ithathe i-spermatophore iyifake kuye.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, insikazi evundisiwe ithola indawo ecashile, yenza ukucindezeleka okuncane emhlabathini bese izalela amaqanda angama-50-60 lapho, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu. Amaqanda anobubanzi obungu-1-1.5 mm, oyindilinga, omhlophe, oguqukayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, umcibisholo uhlala phezu kwe-clutch bese elinda ukuthi inzalo ivele. Sonke isikhathi sokufukamela (okungamasonto amabili kuya kwamane), asisuki kude nesidleke futhi sihlala sisuka emlonyeni siya emlonyeni.
Abadobi bezimpukane abasanda kuzalwa bavame ukuba mhlophe futhi baguqule ukubukeka. Banamabhangqa amane kuphela emilenze. Ngenkathi yokukhula, ngemuva kwesigaxa ngasinye se-molt, banezela izihlakala zezitho. Izingane ze-Flycatcher zichitha amasonto ambalwa okuqala empilo yazo nomama wazo, bese zimshiya unomphela.
Izitha zemvelo zabadobi bezindiza
Isithombe: I-Flycatcher ngokwemvelo
I-flycatcher isidalwa se-arthropod, ngakho-ke kungokwemvelo ukuthi izinyoni nezinye izilwane zingayizingela. Noma kunjalo, kukhona eyodwa "kodwa". Into ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokubamba i-flycatcher, akuzona zonke izilwane ezizofuna ukuyidla kamuva.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ababambi bezimpukane bakhipha ubuthi obukhethekile obunephunga elinamandla elingathandeki elixosha izidlo.
Ngakho-ke izitha eziyinhloko zababambi bezindiza, ngokumangazayo, ngabantu, ikakhulukazi abaqoqi abashisekayo noma labo abahlushwa ukwesaba izinambuzane (i-arachnophobia). Noma ngabe ama-centipedes enza okuhle kakhulu kunokulimaza ekhaya noma engadini.
Abantu abangazithandi zonke izinambuzane, ababona abadobi bezindiza ezindlini zabo, bazama ukuziqeda ngokushesha okukhulu. Vele, uma begijimisana ngemihlambi ngasezindongeni, khona-ke kukhona okudinga ukwenziwa ngakho, kepha umcibisholo oyedwa noma ababili abahlala endlini bayoba lusizo kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bancamela ukucasha kunokugijimela obala.
Okwamanje, i-Intanethi igcwele ngokoqobo izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi, kufaka phakathi ababamba izimpukane. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi izindlela eziningi azisebenzi nhlobo kubabambi bezindiza. Iphuzu lapha likukuhluka kokudla kwabo nendlela yabo yokuphila. Njengoba ama-centipedes adla kuphela izinambuzane, izithiyo zokudla ezihlukile azifanelekile lapha. Izicupho ezinamathelayo futhi azibalimazi kangako, ngoba ukulahleka kwemilenze eminingana ye-centipedes akubulali, futhi esikhundleni semilenze elahlekile, emisha iyakhula emuva kwesikhathi esithile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-flycatcher
Ezimweni zemvelo, isidalwa se-arthropod - i-flycatcher itholakala ngaphezulu kwendawo enkulu:
- IYurophu (eningizimu);
- Afrika (enyakatho);
- Eduze naseMpumalanga.
Ngokuqondene namazwe okuhlala kuwo, ama-centipedes angabonakala e-Ukraine, eCrimea, eMoldova, eRussia (eningizimu), eBelarus (eningizimu), eKazakhstan, eCaucasus, esifundeni iVolga, emazweni aseMedithera naseNdiya. I-flycatcher evamile ibhalwe ku-Red Book yase-Ukraine, ngaphansi kwesimo: "izinhlobo ezingavamile". Ngokuqondene nenombolo nezizathu zokwehla kwayo, idatha yocwaningo ikhombisa inani labantu elingalingani. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kokunye kubalulekile, futhi kokunye kuncipha kakhulu futhi kuncipha ngokushesha.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenani labadobi bezimpukane, njengenjwayelo, zivamile: imisebenzi yabantu etholakala kuyo yonke indawo ehambisana nezolimo, ukugawulwa kwemithi, izimayini, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, umthwalo omkhulu wokuzijabulisa, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngamakhemikhali ayingozi kanye nodoti wasefektri.
Futhi, indima ebalulekile ekwehlisweni kwabantu yisifiso sabantu abathile ngazo zonke izindlela ukuqeda zonke izinambuzane ezisendlini. Ngeshwa, kanye namaphela, omiyane nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi, izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zibhubhisa ababambi bezindiza, ngoba amakhemikhali abawasebenzisayo awanamphumela wokukhetha.
Ukuvikelwa kweFlycatcher
Isithombe: I-Flycatcher evela kwi-Red Book
Iningi labantu, lapho libona ababamba izimpukane emakhaya abo, batatazela futhi ngokushesha bazame ukubabamba futhi ukubachoboza. Futhi akumangazi - kubukeka kusabeka impela. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi zingenye yama-arthropod asebenziseka kakhulu ahlala eduze kwabantu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukudla kwalaba bameleli bama-millipedes ikakhulukazi kunezinambuzane eziyingozi: izimpukane, amaphela, amazenze, amabhungane esikhumba, izintuthwane nezinye izinambuzane ezephula induduzo yabantu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ku-zoology, ama-centipedes abelokhu ethathwa njengezinambuzane, kepha njengezihlobo zawo eziseduze kakhulu. Njengamanje, izazi zezilwane zinemibono eminingi ephikisanayo mayelana nokuma okuhlelekile kwabadobi bezindiza.
Abadobi bezindiza, njengawo wonke ama-centipedes, bayizidalwa zasendulo kakhulu futhi umbuzo wemvelaphi yabo awukakafundwa ngokuphelele. Futhi, ama-millipedes ayisixhumanisi esibalulekile ku-biogeocenosis. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu sebejwayele ukwesaba abangakuqondi, imininingwane ewusizo kangaka egcwalisa leli gebe ayisoze yaba yinto engadingekile. Ngakho-ke uma ngolunye usuku i-flycatcher ibamba iso endlini yakho, ungasheshi ukuyibulala, kodwa vele uyiyeke futhi uyiyeke iphunyule ngokuthula - kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sidalwa sisazoletha inzuzo enkulu.
I-Flycatcher, noma njengoba sihlala silibiza kanjalo, i-centipede, kepha leli gama alilona iqiniso, ngoba linemilenze engamashumi amathathu kuphela (ngazimbili ezi-15), hhayi amashumi amane. Elinye igama elingalungile yi-home centipede. Kuyafaneleka ukwazi ukuthi ama-centipedes anokuhluka okuningi kunokufana nama-centipedes. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-flycatcher iyisidalwa esingenabungozi futhi esiwusizo kakhulu esibulala izinambuzane, kuyilapho i-scolopendra iyinambuzane enobuthi kakhulu, engadala ingozi enkulu empilweni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 10/16/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 21.10.2019 ngo-10: 35
