Uma uthi nhlá, i-oncilla ingadidaniswa nekati elifuywe kahle: likhulu ngokulingene, linomusa futhi linezici ezizwakalayo. Kepha empeleni oncilla Isidalwa esesabekayo esinyonyoba ngokungenasici esidlweni futhi sihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo kakhulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Oncilla
U-Oncilla uyilungu elingajwayelekile lomndeni we-feline. Lelikati lelisemkhatsini lingumzingeli lonekhono endzaweni yalo. Yize amakati e-feral evame ukuba makhulu, i-oncilla iyisilwane esincane, kepha ubukhulu bayo buyinzuzo kunabancintisana nabo ochungechungeni lokudla. Kukhona ama-subspecies amaningana we-oncilla, ahluke kakhulu endaweni yawo yokuhlala.
Ahlukanisiwe, njengomthetho, amathathu, yize lawo wokugcina evame ukuhlukaniswa abe ama-subspecies amabili ngaphezulu:
- ingwe tigrinus tigrinus;
- ingwe tigrinus guttulus;
- ingwe tigrinus pardinoides.
Futhi, lezi zinhlobo ziyehluka ngombala nokuthungwa kwephethini, yize umehluko ungabalulekile, ngakho-ke, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-oncilla kuvame ukubuzwa. Amakati asendle avela kuma-miacids - izidalwa ezibukeka njengama-martens amakhulu ahlala ePaleocene. E-Oligocene, lezi zilwane zaba yizidlakudla ezinzima, zihlala phezulu kochungechunge lokudla.
Ividiyo: Oncilla
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho imikhaya eyinhloko yama-feline yaqala ukuhlukaniswa khona:
- amakati amakhulu afana nengwe, ibhubesi, ingulule, ingwe;
- amakati amancane - i-manul, ikati lasehlathini, i-oncilla nezinhlobo ezifuywayo;
- amakati anamazinyo, aqala ukuphela ekupheleni kwePleistocene.
Ukunikezwa kwe-oncilla kumakati amancane kunemibandela, ngoba kusakhulu kunabanye abamele amakati amancane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kuncane kakhulu kunomndeni wamakati amakhulu. Isihlobo esiseduze se-oncilla ngesikhathi samanje yingwe (noma i-panther). Ukufana kunemibandela, ngoba i-oncilla ifana nengwe ngombala kuphela, ngakho-ke, indlela yokuphila, ngenxa yokufihla njalo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani nge-oncilla
Ukwakhiwa nombala we-oncilla kufana ne-jaguar encane - ize yathola negama elithi "jaguar encane". Incane ngosayizi kunekati le-ocelot nelinomsila omude, yize likhulu kakhulu kunamakati asekhaya. Ubukhulu obukhulu kunabesilisa - abufinyeleli ku-kg ezintathu., Futhi ubude bomzimba ngaphandle kokufunda umsila cishe ngu-65 cm. Umsila mfushane, u-30-40 cm kuphela.
Amehlo nezindlebe zama-oncillas makhulu kakhulu, makhulu kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwengwe. Amehlo kubukeka sengathi agcizelelwe yimivimbo emhlophe nomnyama. Izindlebe zincane kakhulu futhi ungabona kalula ama-capillaries wekati ngazo. Ikhala likhulu futhi libomvana. Amadevu awekho made futhi anomumo wokuvala. Umlomo we-oncilla mncane, noma ngesilinganiso esilinganisiwe, sincane kakhulu kunaleso sezihlobo zawo eziseduze kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-oncillas eyodwa kwamahlanu i-melanistic, okungukuthi, inombala omnyama. Lawa amabala amboze ingxenye enkulu yomzimba wesilwane.
Uboya bayo bufushane futhi buthambile, buqukethe cishe ingubo yangaphansi ngokuphelele. Umbala yi-ocher, enesisu esimhlophe, isifuba nemilenze yangaphakathi. Kukhona nokumakwa okumhlophe ebusweni. Kukhona iphethini kuwo wonke umzimba - iringi engafanele ipendwe ngombala omnyama. Amabala ahlelwe ngemigqa emide futhi aphenduke amachashaza amancane ngasekupheleni komsila.
Umsila umbozwe ngokuphelele ngamabala endandatho amnyama. Ngaphandle kwezindlebe, kunezindawo ezimnyama nezimhlophe njengalezo ezitholakala kumahlosi asezindaweni ezishisayo. Izidladla zika-Oncilla zincane, zinamazipho amafushane, abukhali. Imilenze nayo imifushane, imilenze yangemuva mide kancane kunale ngaphambili. Ikhanda libukeka lincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nomhlane omkhulu wekati. Lesi sakhiwo simvumela ukuba alinganise ngempumelelo.
Uhlala kuphi u-oncilla?
Isithombe: Oncilla ngokwemvelo
I-Oncillae amakati asezindaweni ezishisayo ahlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ezishisayo. Zivame ukutholakala eCosta Rica, enyakatho yePanama, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil, nasenyakatho ye-Argentina. Ngasikhathi sinye, amakati ayakugwema ukuya ezindaweni ezishisayo: ngokwesibonelo, i-oncilla ayibonwa eduzane ne-Amazon basin, yize izindawo zayo eziningi ziphambana nale ndawo. Le ndawo ifana nomdwebo wombala, futhi kwezinye izindawo kuncane kakhulu kuwo.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-oncilla, uhlala ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- ingwe tigrinus tigrinus - IVenezuela, eGuyana, empumalanga esenyakatho yeBrazil;
- ingwe tigrinus guttulus - maphakathi naseningizimu yeBrazil, i-Uruguay, iParaguay, enyakatho ye-Argentina;
- ingwe tigrinus pardinoides - entshonalanga yeVenezuela, eColombia, e-Ecuador.
I-Oncilla ikhuphuka kahle ezihlahleni futhi inethezekile ngengcindezi ephezulu yasemkhathini - ingahlala endaweni ephakeme engamakhulu amathathu namashumi amathathu nambili ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Yize indlela esemqoka yokuphila kwala makati ingokomhlaba. Zithanda amahlathi, yize etholakala ezindaweni ezingama-savanna, ahlala ezihlahleni ezinameva. Ama-oncillas amaningi ahlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama ezishisayo. Kunemininingwane yokuthi inani le-oncilla likhula ngempumelelo emahlathini ashubile, ngakho-ke, le ndawo isondele kakhulu endaweni efanelekile.
Manje uyazi ukuthi u-Oncilla uhlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi lidlani leli kati.
Idla ngani i-oncilla?
Isithombe: Cat Oncilla
Ayikho idatha eqondile yokuthi yini i-oncilla edlayo. Isilwane sihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo futhi siyabaxwaya abantu, ngakho-ke, ukuyibuka endle kunzima.
Cishe uzingela lezi zilwane ezilandelayo:
- izinyoni;
- amagundane;
- izibankwa nezinyoka ezincane;
- izinkawu ezincane ezivela emndenini wama-macaque;
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-oncilla iyazwela kakhulu ekudleni kwabo. Isibonelo, azizidli izinyoni kanye nezimpaphe, kodwa ziqale ngokukhipha izimpaphe ngokucophelela enyoni ebulewe, bese ziyidla kuphela. Lokhu kungakhombisa indlela ezwelayo yokugaya ukudla kwe-oncillus, yingakho umzwelo wemvelo waklanywa ukuhlanza isisulu ezintweni zangaphandle.
I-Oncilla bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Bazingela ngokunyenya, njengabaningi abamele umndeni we-feline, abagxile ekujaheni. Ngenxa yombala wazo wokufihla, awabonakali phakathi kwamahlamvu nezihlahla. Futhi, ikati lihamba kalula emagatsheni ezihlahla - ngenxa yobuncane balo, lingahamba ngisho nasemagatsheni amancane.
Okuthakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi sokulamba, la makati angadla izinambuzane ezinkulu nezibungu, ezihlala ngobuningi emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo.
I-Oncilla ingaphezulu kweketanga lokudla ngosayizi nobubanzi. Lapho ihlasela inyamazane, igxuma isikhathi eside, izama ukuluma ngokushesha entanyeni noma ngemuva kwekhanda lesisulu, ngaleyo ndlela isibulale khona manjalo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Oncilla
Ama-Oncillas amakati ahlala wodwa njengamahlosi, izingwe noma ama-jaguar. Zikhetha ukuphila impilo eyimfihlo, zicashe ezihlahleni eziminyene ngezikhathi zasemini noma ziphumule emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ebusuku, amakati aya kozingela.
I-Oncilla ngamakati ezindawo. Kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa banebanga elilinganiselwe abangazingela kulo. Kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa lapho abesilisa bengayephula khona le mingcele, futhi sonke isikhathi, i-oncilla imaka kakhulu indawo yabo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi la makati akhombisa ubudlova komunye nomunye. Abesilisa banolaka ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane: bangabaluma kakhulu futhi babalimaze. Ngakho-ke, ama-oncillas azama ukungena endaweni yomunye umuntu.
Yize oncillas basebusuku, banolaka kakhulu. Ngenxa yobudlova, zingahlasela zombili izilwane ezidlula ngosayizi wazo, futhi zigijimele budedengu ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Abesilisa banolaka kakhulu kunabesifazane, ngakho-ke bavame ukuhlupheka ngokuziphatha kwabo.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Oncillas bayathanda ukubhukuda, okubenza bafana namahlosi nezingwe.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-oncilla ingasebenza emini. Esikhathini esiningi lezi yizinsikazi ezincelisayo ezihlale zifuna inyamazane. Futhi ngenkathi yezimvula, la makati asebenza kakhulu, yize imbangela ngqo kunzima ukuyibona. Mhlawumbe le nkathi iyimpumelelo kakhulu ekuzingeleni, njengoba imvula ifihla iphunga nomsindo, okuvumela lesi silwanyana ukuba sibulale nakakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ikati lika-Oncilla
Ama-Oncillas achitha isikhathi esiningi nomlingani ongaba khona phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa. Abesilisa nabesifazane batholana ngephunga futhi baqala uhlobo lokujwayela. Balala ndawonye kakhulu, bahlikihla ubuso babo komunye nomunye futhi baziphathe kahle kakhulu.
Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka emibili, kanti abesilisa bangakhiqiza inzalo unyaka nonyaka emva kokuzalwa. Isikhathi se-estrus sithatha izinsuku ezingama-3-9, lapho kubanjwa khona imidlalo yokukhwelana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Akukho lwazi oluningi ngemidlalo yokukhwelana yama-oncillas endle, kepha ekhaya la makati ancamela ukuba nenzalo njalo nomlingani oyedwa.
Abalingani be-Oncilla ngoMashi, kanti ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-75. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, owesilisa ushiya insikazi abuyele esigqini sempilo esijwayelekile. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, insikazi ivame ukuletha ikati elilodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ibe ezimbili noma ezintathu.
Amakati asanda kuzalwa awakwazi ukuzisiza futhi anesisindo esincane samagremu ayikhulu. Avula amehlo esikhathini esingangesonto ngokusemandleni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ubumpumputhe bungahlala ezinsukwini eziyi-18. Insikazi ibagcina endaweni eyimfihlo: ehlathini elicinene, emahlathini, emgodini womuntu oshiywe. Lapho, amawundlu aphila aze akwazi ukudla inyama - okungamasonto angama-5-7 ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Amazinyo akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, emahoreni angama-21 ngemuva kokuzalwa. Lesi yisikhathi esedlule, kepha kunxeshezelwa ngokuthi amazinyane azuza wonke amazinyo ngasikhathi sinye. Amantshontsho ezinyangeni ezine kuphela akhululeka ngokuphelele kunina, futhi afinyelela usayizi wabantu abadala kuphela ngemuva konyaka.
Izitha zemvelo ze-oncilla
Isithombe: Cat Oncilla
I-Oncilla yisidlakela esinzima, yize sincane nje. Ngenxa yalokhu, akanazo izitha zemvelo ezizoqhuba ukuzingela okuhlosiwe kwaleli kati. Kodwa-ke, izilwane eziningi zingadala usongo olungahlosiwe ku-oncilla.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu zezinkawu zingahlasela i-oncilla ekuzivikeleni. Izinkawu azikho ngaphansi ngejubane nangokushesha kule kati, ngakho-ke, zingayilimaza kabi noma ziyibulale. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-oncilla akunakwenzeka ukuthi ihlasele inyamazane enkulu, yize kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela inyamazane enkulu kakhulu kunabo.
Izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama nazo zingaba usongo ku-oncilla. Uma ikati likhuphukela phezulu ezihlahleni, kuzoba lula ukuthi inyoni edla inyama ilibambe egatsheni. I-Oncilla inesisindo esincane kakhulu, ngakho i-harpy noma ezinye izinhlobo zokhozi zingayithwala kalula ngezidladla zayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumazinyane amakati.
Izimbila nezikebhe zingaba usongo kuma-oncillas, yize zihamba kancane. Ikati liqaphela kalula isigaxa se-boa constrictor ngephunga futhi libamba nemisindo emincane, ngakho-ke abantu abadala ngeke babanjwe yilo mhlaseli. Kepha i-boa constrictor ingaklinya ama-oncillas akhulayo noma ichithe isidleke esinamazinyane angaboni. Ngokufanayo, izinyoka ezincane zingadla amazinyane asanda kuzalwa ngenkathi umama wazo eyozingela.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani nge-oncilla
I-Oncilla yehle kakhulu kubantu eminyakeni yamuva. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu, ezihlobene kakhulu nezici ze-anthropogenic. Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokuhlala kwezolimo. Lokhu kufaka nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ezindawo zekhofi, okusenziwa yonke indawo. Oncillas baphoqeleka ukuba bazifunele indawo ephephile, yingakho bevame ukubulawa yindlala noma baphuthe isikhathi sabo sokuzala.
Kwezinye izifunda, ukubhujiswa okuhlosiwe kwama-oncillas kwenzeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwesinye isikhathi indawo yokuhlala i-oncilla igqagqana nezindawo zokuhlala kwabantu, lapho izilwane zingahlasela khona izinkukhu. Vele, lokhu kuyingozi kwezolimo futhi akujabulisi abomdabu.
Phambilini ama-oncillas nawo abhujiswa ngoboya bawo obuthambile. Izikhumba zazithengiswa zibiza kakhulu, yize zazingenanzuzo ebonakalayo - azifudumali, futhi kudinga izikhumba eziningi ukuthunga isiqeshana sengubo.
U-Oncilla wabanjwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Le yindlela eyingozi kakhulu yokuba nesilwane, ngoba i-oncilla kunzima ukuyithambisa - ikati lasendle ngokuphelele futhi elinolaka kakhulu. Izingane ezizalelwe ekuthunjweni kuphela ezikwazi ukuba nethambo.
Yize kunjalo, lawa makati asagcinwa kwamanye amakhattery ezifuywayo, noma ekuthunjweni enqaba ukuzala, futhi abhekana nengcindezi enkulu yokuhlala eduze kwabantu.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-Oncilla
Isithombe: Oncilla ovela kwiRed Book
I-Oncilla ibhalwe kuRed Book ngaphansi kwesimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini. Inani labantu selicishe labuyiselwa, i-oncilla isakazekile, yize ingavamile kakhulu. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kwakuyisishayo sangempela sabantu bala makati, njengoba ngesikhathi kusuka ngo-1970 kuya ku-1980 amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-oncillas abhujiswa. Futhi ngo-1983, cishe izikhumba eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-84 zathathwa kubazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Okwamanje, ama-oncillas angaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-50, abantu abadala. Lesi sibalo asizinzile futhi kwesinye isikhathi siyanda futhi kwesinye isikhathi siyancipha ngenxa yokuqedwa kwamahlathi. Ukuzingelwa kwama-oncillas akuvunyelwe, kepha ezifundeni eziningi lapho ihlala khona, akukaze kunikezwe isikhundla sesilwane sokongiwa kwemvelo.
Okungukuthi, ayigadiwe kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- I-Ecuador;
- EGuyana;
- IPanama;
- ENicaragua;
- I-Peru.
Esivumelwaneni Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokuhweba Ngezilwane Zasendle Nezitshalo, i-oncilla yafakwa kwisengezo emuva ngonyaka we-1989. Awukho umsebenzi othile owenziwayo ukweseka noma ukubuyisa inani labantu ngenxa yezimo ezinzima zokuphila zaleli kati. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuzingelwa kwakhe kuyeke ngokuphelele.
I-Oncilla Isilwane esihle futhi esibulalayo. Yize ibukeka kahle, leli kati alijwayelwanga impilo yasekhaya ngenxa yolaka lwalo kanye nomsebenzi owandayo wasebusuku. Kunethemba lokuthi inani le-oncilla yasendle lizobuyiselwa ngokuphelele.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07.10.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 08/29/2019 ngo-19: 11
