I-Asp - Lena yinhlanzi enkulu impela. Abadobi bahlala bencintisana ngokubamba isampula enkulu kunazo zonke. Abantu abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi kunenqwaba yamathambo ezinhlanzini. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukunciphisi ukuthandwa kwayo okungenani. Kunezinkulisa eziningi lapho le nhlanzi ikhuliselwa khona izinhloso zezimboni, noma ukuzijabulisa kwakho. Phakathi kwabantu, i-asp inamanye amagama amaningi - ihhashi, ukubamba, ubumhlophe. Okumbili kokuqala kungenxa yesitayela esithile sokuzingela. Izinhlanzi ezimhlophe zibizwa ngenxa yesikali sayo esimsulwa, cishe esingenambala. I-Asp wuhlobo lwezinhlanzi oluye lwahlukaniswa lwaba ama-subspecies amathathu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Asp
I-asp ingeyezilwane ezi-chordate, izinhlanzi ezifakwe imisebe ye-ray, i-carp order, umndeni we-carp, uhlobo nezinhlobo ze-asp zihlukaniswa ekilasini. Kuze kube manje, izazi ze-ichthyologists azikwazi ukunikeza imininingwane ephelele mayelana nemvelaphi nokuvela kwalowo omele ama-cyprinids. Kunezinguqulo eziningana zemvelaphi yalezi zinhlanzi. Ngokusho komunye wemibono ekhona, abamele basendulo be-asp yesimanje bahlala endaweni yasogwini lwaseChina yanamuhla, eJapane nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia.
Ividiyo: Asp
Abamele bakudala bezinhlanzi zanamuhla bavela emhlabeni okuthiwa cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-300 edlule. Lokhu kufakazelwa yimivubukulo okutholakale kuyo izinsalela zezinhlanzi. Impilo yasolwandle yasendulo enjalo yayinomumo omude womzimba, yayinokuthile okufana namaphiko wanamuhla, kepha yayingenayo imihlathi. Umzimba wezinhlanzi zasendulo wawumbozwe ngezikali eziminyene, ezazibukeka njengegobolondo. Umsila wawuyisimo samapuleti amabili ama-horny.
Izinhlanzi zangaleso sikhathi zazivame ukuphila impilo yokuzihlalela futhi zihlala endaweni ejulile. Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-11-10 edlule, ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izidalwa zaqala ukubonakala ngaphandle zifana kakhulu nezinhlanzi zesimanje. Laba bantu bebevele benamazinyo abukhali, kunalokho made. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba wabo ibigcwele izikali eziminyene, ezinama-horny, ebezixhunywe kwesinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, enqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nezinguquko ezimweni zezulu, izinhlanzi zaqala ukusatshalaliswa ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Mayelana nalokhu, ngokuya ngezimo zokuphila, uhlobo ngalunye oluthile lwaqala ukwakha izici zesakhiwo, indlela yokuphila kanye nokudla.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-asp
Ubumhlophe yizinhlanzi zomndeni we-carp. Njengamanye amalungu omndeni we-carp, unamathambo amaningi. Inhlanzi ihlukaniswa ngomzimba wayo omkhulu, omkhulu, ofushanisiwe, omile okokuphotha. Ingemuva iqondile futhi ibanzi ububanzi, ipendwe ngombala omnyama, kwesinye isikhathi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhlangothi zezinhlanzi zinombala ompunga, kanti isisu sipendwe ngesiliva kuphela. Umzimba wonke umbozwe izikali zesiliva. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-asp inomsila oqinile futhi omkhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingxenye yayo engezansi yinde kunaleyo engenhla. Ichthyologists uqaphele eziningana izimpawu zangaphandle sici.
Izici ezijwayelekile zangaphandle ze-asp:
- inqina, ikhanda eligobile;
- umlomo omkhulu;
- umhlathi omkhulu ophansi;
- amaphiko omgogodla nawomgundwane ampunga futhi anezeluleko ezimnyama;
- wonke amanye amaphiko asemzimbeni wezinhlanzi anombala obomvu noma owolintshi ezansi futhi abe mpunga ngasekugcineni.
Ikhanda likhulu ngokwedlulele, lihlangene ngesimo. Inezindebe ezinkulu, eziyinyama kanye nomhlathi ophansi ophume kancane. Imihlathi yalaba abamele i-carps ayinazinyo. Esikhundleni salokho kunama-tubercles akhethekile namanothi. Ama-tubercles atholakala emihlathini engezansi. Amanothi aphezulu futhi enzelwe ukungena kwamatubercles, atholakala ngezansi. Isakhiwo somhlathi esinjalo sikuvumela ukuthi uthathe ngokushesha isisulu esingaba khona, esivele singenalo ithuba lokusindiswa. Isakhiwo esinjalo sezinto zomlomo sivumela i-asp ukuthi izingele ngisho nokuzingela okukhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokumangazayo, kunezimbalo ezimbalwa ze-asp pharynx.
Abantu abadala, abantu abakhulu bafinyelela ubude bomzimba obungu-1-1.3 wamamitha. Isisindo somzimba walezi zinhlanzi singama-11-13 kilograms. Usayizi ojwayelekile womuntu ovuthiwe ngokobulili ngamasentimitha angama-50-80, kanti isisindo singama-6-7 kilograms.
Ihlala kuphi i-asp?
Isithombe: Asp eRussia
I-Asp ikhetha kakhulu ngezimo zokuphila. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lube nenqolobane enkulu, ejulile yolwandle. Kufanele ibe namanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile nokudla okuningi ne-oxygen. Izinhlanzi ngeke zitholakale emadamini angcolisiwe noma angenakho ukudla okwanele. Iningi labantu abahlala endaweni yaseRussia bahlala emadamini amakhulu, imifula emikhulu, izilwandle namachibi. Kuyaziwa kahle ukuthi ubumhlophe butholakala olwandle oluseningizimu yeRussia, amachibi aseNyakatho neBaltic.
Indawo yokuhlala yezinhlanzi incane. Inwebeka ngaphesheya kweMpumalanga nengxenye yeWestern Europe. Izazi ze-Ichthyologists zikubeka njengengxenye phakathi koMfula i-Ural noMfula iRhine. Lo mgwaqo wamanzi mkhulu kunayo yonke eYurophu futhi udlula emazweni ayisithupha aseYurophu. Imingcele eseningizimu yendawo yokuhlala izinhlanzi ichazwe izifunda zase-Asia Ephakathi: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan.
Imingcele eseningizimu yendawo yokuhlala izinhlanzi ifaka phakathi:
- Ulwandle iCaspian;
- Ulwandle i-Aral;
- Amu Darya;
- I-Syrdarya.
Zimbalwa izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezitholakala eSvityaz, Neva, Onega naseLadoga Seas. Ngezikhathi ezithile ungabona i-Asp eLake Balkhash. Walethwa lapho ngobuciko.
Idla ngani i-asp?
Isithombe: Fish asp
Ngokwemvelo, i-asp iyisilwane esidlayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokumelene nesizinda sezinye izidumbu, ivelela indlela yayo engavamile yokuzingela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuze ibambe isisulu sayo, inhlanzi igxumela phezulu ngaphezu kwamanzi bese ivele iwele phezu kwayo. Ngakho-ke, umangaza isisulu esingaba khona. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukwazi ukuyibamba kalula ayigwinye.
Isakhiwo sezinto zomlomo nezimpawu zokubukeka kwaso kukhombisa ukuthi inhlanzi ihlala ezingxenyeni ezingenhla noma eziphakathi nendawo zamanzi. Ngemuva kokuthi i-asp ikhule ibe nosayizi owanele okungenani wamasentimitha angama-35 ubude, futhi izuze isisindo somzimba esidingekayo, iqala ukuhola indlela yokuphila yokudla. Ngesikhathi sokukhula nentuthuko, okuphakelayo kokudla okuyinhloko yi-plankton nezinambuzane zasemanzini.
Ukutholwa kokudla kwabantu abadala:
- vobla;
- ukwephula umthetho;
- ama-molluscs;
- zander;
- i-gudgeon;
- isiliva bream;
- chub;
- ama-crustaceans amancane.
Abantu abasha be-roach noma i-bream bangabhekwa njengokudla okuthandwa ngumcako omhlophe. Bangaphinde badle ngamanzi angenasawoti, izibungu, gazinga namaqanda ezimpilo ezahlukahlukene zasolwandle. I-Asp ibhekwa njengokungakufuni ngokuphelele ukudla, ngakho-ke idla cishe noma yini engabhekwa njengokudla kwezinhlanzi. Hlanganisa izinhlanzi ezilungele njengomthombo wokudla ngosayizi. Bayakwazi ukubamba abantu abanobude bomzimba ongedluli amasentimitha ayi-15. Akuvamile ukuthi lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye zilinde inyamazane yazo endaweni ecashile. Bahlale bemsukela futhi bemthusa ngemivimbo emanzini.
Ngesikhathi sezimvula ezinamandla, ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, noma esimweni sezulu esingesihle, izinhlanzi zicwila cishe phansi impela. Zivama ngezikhathi ezithile phezulu ukwanelisa indlala yazo. Ngemuva kobusika, izinhlanzi zibuthaka kakhulu. Azikwazi ukuhola indlela yokuphila yokujaha nokujaha inyamazane yazo isikhathi eside. Ngalesi sikhathi, aze aqine, adla izinambuzane, izibungu, amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nezinye izakhamizi ezincane zamachibi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Asp ngaphansi kwamanzi
Lo mmeli we-carp ukhetha izikhala zemifula nge-current esheshayo, ikakhulukazi izingidi nemisebenzi yezamanzi. Izindawo ezinjalo ziyindawo ekahle yezinhlanzi. Banazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo zokuzingela ngempumelelo kanye nenani elanele lokuphakelwa kokudla. Umsindo wamanzi nempophoma ufihla futhi ufihle imithelela emanzini, ngosizo izinhlanzi ezithola ukudla kwazo. Ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona ukugeleza okunjalo nomsindo wamanzi, izinhlanzi azivamile ngokwedlulele.
I-Asp ngomunye wabamele abakhulu bomndeni we-carp. Ngokwemvelo unikezwe umlingiswa onolaka futhi, esefinyelele usayizi owanele, uhola indlela yokuphila eyingozi. Ubumhlophe buzwela kakhulu ekushiseni kwamanzi. Lo mbandela unethonya elinamandla kusayizi nakwiminyaka yokuphila. Le nhlanzi ibizwa ngokuthi yikhulu. Izazi ze-Ichthyologists azikwazanga ukuthola iminyaka yobudala obuqondile, kepha zikwazile ukuthola ukuthi abanye abantu basinda eminyakeni eyi-13-15.
Ukweleta impilo ende kangako ngejubane lombani lokuphendula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanzi inamahloni kakhulu. Uma ebona isithunzi sisondela kude, ucasha khona lapho ngasese, endaweni ephephile. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izinhlanzi zihlangana ezikoleni ukuze zikhulise inani lazo futhi zenyuse amathuba okusinda. Njengoba izikole zikhula, ziyahlakazeka nezinhlanzi ziphila impilo eyodwa zodwa. Izinhlanzi zikhetha ngokungakhethi ekudleni kwazo, zingadla cishe noma yini ezingayithola emanzini omfula. Ngenxa yalokhu, zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zithole isisindo somzimba.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Asp eVolga
Ukuthomba kwenzeka cishe ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Inhlanzi isilungele ukuzala lapho isisindo sayo somzimba sidlula ikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu. Isikhathi sokuzala kwezinhlanzi ezihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho siza ngemuva kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu kunasezinhlanzini ezihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu.
Ukuqala kwenkathi yokuzalanisa ngqo kuya ngesimo sezulu kanye namazinga okushisa kwamanzi endaweni yezinhlanzi. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ukuzala kuqala phakathi no-Ephreli futhi kuhlala amasonto ambalwa. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elihle kakhulu lokuzalisa lisuka kuma-7 kuye kwayi-15 degrees. I-Asp izala ngababili, ngakho-ke, amabhangqa amaningana azalela endaweni efanayo ngasikhathi sinye, okudala umuzwa wokuzalisana kweqembu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Enqubeni yokuzala kabusha, abesilisa bahlela imincintiswano ngelungelo lokuvundisa owesifazane. Ngesikhathi sokulwa okunjalo, bangalimaza kakhulu futhi bacwiyane.
I-Asp ifuna indawo efanelekayo yokuzalela. Njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka ezingxenyeni zesihlabathi noma zobumba embhedeni wamachibi ahlala njalo. Ngesikhathi sokusesha, abantu abaningi baphakama phezulu kakhulu, noma ngabe baphikisana nesikhathi samanje. Owesifazane omaphakathi uzala cishe amaqanda angama-60,000 - 100,000, ahlala ngeziqu nakwezinye izingxenye zohlaza ezifela ebusika. Amaqanda ambozwe ngento enamathelayo, ngenxa yokuthi agxilwe ngokuphepha kuhlaza.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle nokushisa kwamanzi okuhle, izibungu zivela cishe emavikini angu-3-4. Uma izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lingaphansi kwesilinganiso, izibungu ziphuma emaqandeni kamuva kakhulu.
Izitha zemvelo asp
Isithombe: I-asp enkulu
I-Asp iyinhlanzi edlayo, enolaka, ngokwemvelo enikezwe ukuqaphela okukhulu, ukuzwa okujulile, umbono nezinye izinzwa. Ngisho nangesikhathi lapho inhlanzi izingela khona, ilawula yonke indawo ezungezile futhi ibone ingozi engaba khona noma isitha esivela kude. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izilwane ezincane kanye nezibungu kunenani elikhulu kakhulu lezitha, yingakho zihlangana ngemihlambi.
Izitha zemvelo zobumhlophe:
- izinhlanzi zasolwandle;
- cormorants;
- osprey;
- izinkozi;
- izinhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye.
Kanye nokuthi inhlanzi iyaqaphela kakhulu futhi inikezwe izitho zomqondo ezithuthukile, ihola indlela yokuphila enomsindo. Mayelana nalokhu, i-asp iba yinto yokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukumbamba.
Futhi, ubukhulu besibalo sabantu bunomthelela ngqo ekungcolisweni kwemizimba yamanzi okuhlala kuyo izinhlanzi. Lokhu kuba yisizathu sokufa kwenani elikhulu lezinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi uma amanzi engcoliswe ngodaka lwezimboni ngemfucumfucu yobuchwepheshe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-asp
Namuhla, inani lezinhlanzi lincipha ngokushesha ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zendawo yalo. Izizathu eziyinhloko zalesi simo kwakuwukudoba ngamanethi abantu abasha ababengeke baphile kuze kufike isikhathi sokuzalisa, kanye nokungcola kwendawo yabo yemvelo.
Kuze kube manje, ama-subspecies anjenge-asp yase-Asia Ephakathi amancane kakhulu. Indawo yemvelo yale subspecies yisigodi somfula wehlosi endaweni yezifundazwe ezifana ne-Iraq neSyria.
Ngokuncipha kwabantu, izindleko zale nhlanzi zanda kakhulu. Lokhu kuneqhaza kwinani elikhulayo labazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Basebenzisa amadivayisi angavumelekile nezinqubo zokudoba ekuzingeleni i-asp. Endaweni ye-asp, izilwane ezinkulu ezinamaphiko zihlala eduze, okuzibamba ngobuningi emanzini ngesikhathi sokuzingela, nakho okunciphisa inani labo.
Izinguquko ezimweni zezulu nokupholisa zinomthelela omubi kusayizi wabantu. Izinhlanzi zisabela kakhulu kuzimo ezinjalo. Ngenxa yezinguquko ekushiseni kwamanzi, isikhathi sokuphila siyancipha futhi isikhathi sokuzala siyabambezeleka.
Qapha u-asp
Isithombe: Asp ovela kwiRed Book
Ngenxa yokuthi inani le-asp lihlala lincipha, futhi nenani le-asp yaseCentral Asia lincane ngokwedlulele, lahlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezingavamile ezisencwadini yokuqothulwa futhi zangena kwi-International Red Book.
Mayelana nalokhu, i-International Association for the Protection of Rare Representatives of the Handicap and Fauna ithuthukisa izinhlelo ezikhethekile ezihlose ukugcina nokwandisa inani lama-asps. Kubandakanya ukutadisha okuningiliziwe kwendlela yokuphila, ubunjalo bomsoco, nezinye izinto nezinkomba ezidingekayo ukudala izimo zokuphila ezifanele zokufuya izinhlanzi ezimweni zokufakelwa.
Ezindaweni zemvelo, kungavunyelwe ukudoba, ikakhulukazi ngosizo lwamanetha nezindlela nezindlela ezingavunyelwe. Indawo yokuhlala izinhlanzi ibhekiwe futhi ihlale igcinwe ukugadwa kwezinhlanzi. Abephula umthetho kanye nemithetho yamanje babhekana nenhlawulo yokuphatha ngendlela yenhlawulo ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu.
Izikhungo zezimboni namabhizinisi, ukungcola kwawo kungadala ukungcoliswa kwendawo yemvelo nokufa kwezinhlanzi, kuphoqelekile ukuhlomisa izinhlelo zokulungisa imfucuza.
I-Asp - Le yinhlanzi edlayo, enkulu impela yomndeni we-carp. Inyama yayo inokunambitheka okukhethekile nohlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezinto eziwusizo kubantu, yize ingenalo inani elikhulu lamathambo. Namuhla inani lalezi zinhlanzi lincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-asp ibhalwe ku-International Red Book.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06.10.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 11.11.2019 ngo-12: 18
