Izinyoka zihlale zithusa abantu abaningi emhlabeni. Ukufa okungenakugwemeka kwakuhlotshaniswa nezinyoka, izinyoka zaziyizibangela zenkathazo. Titanoboa - inyoka enkulu, leyo, ngeshwa noma ngenhlanhla, ayizange ibanjwe isintu. Wayengomunye wezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu esikhathini sakhe - iPaleocene.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Titanoboa
I-Titanoboa iyinhlobo yenyoka engasekho, ebalwa phakathi kohlobo olulodwa kuphela lweTitanoboa. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo samathambo, ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi inyoka lesihlobo esiseduze se-boa constrictor. Igama layo nalo liyakukhombisa lokhu, ngoba iBoa ngesiLatini ithi "boa constrictor".
Izinsalela zokuqala eziphelele ze-titanoboa zitholakale eColombia. Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi inyoka yaphila cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-60 edlule. Le nyoka yavela ngemuva kokufa kwama-dinosaurs - khona-ke impilo eMhlabeni yabuyiselwa futhi yathola amandla iminyaka eyizigidi eziningana.
Ividiyo: Titanoboa
Lezi zinsalela zazingukutholwa kwangempela kososayensi - kwakukhona abantu abaningi abangafika kwabangu-28. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kwakutholakala amathambo omzimba kuphela eNingizimu Melika, ngakho-ke lesi sidalwa sahlala siyimfihlakalo kubaphenyi. Ngo-2008 kuphela, uJason Head, ekhanda leqembu lakhe, wachaza uhlobo olunjenge-titanoboa.
UTitanoboa wayehlala esikhathini sePaleocene - isikhathi lapho izinto eziningi eziphilayo emhlabeni zazinkulu ngenxa yezinguquko zamandla adonsela phansi nezomkhathi. UTitanoboa ngokuzethemba uthathe indawo yokudla, waba ngomunye wezilwane ezesabekayo zesikhathi sakhe.
Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, i-gigantofis, eyafinyelela ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-10, yathathwa njengenyoka enkulu kunazo zonke ezake zaba khona. UTitanoboa wamdlula ngobude wagxuma ngesisindo. Kubuye kubhekwe njengenyoka eyingozi ukwedlula eyandulelayo, njengoba izingela inyamazane enkulu kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani titanoboa
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi iTitanoboa ibizwa ngokuthi inyoka enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ubude bayo bungadlula amamitha ayi-15, kanti isisindo sayo sifinyelele ithani. Ingxenye ebanzi kakhulu yetitanoboa yayiyimitha elilodwa ububanzi. Umgodi womlomo wakhe wawunesakhiwo esinjalo esamvumela ukuba agwinye inyamazane eyedlula ngokweqile - umlomo wavula cishe waba sesimweni sokuvundla, ngenxa yalokho isisulu esifile sawela ngqo emgudwini wokudla.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Inyoka ende kunazo zonke kuze kube manje iyinsumansumane ebhalwe kabusha, efinyelela kumamitha ayisikhombisa ngobude. Okuncane kakhulu ama-leptotyplios, afinyelela ngokulambisa ku-10 cm.
I-Titanoboa yayinezikali ezinkulu ezazigcinwa ezingxenyeni eziseduze nezinsalela ngendlela yokuprinta. Sasimbozwe ngokuphelele ngalezi zikali, kuhlanganise nekhanda elikhulu. UTitanoboa ubekhiphe ama-canine, umhlathi omkhulu ongaphezulu, nomhlathi ongezansi osusekayo. Amehlo enyoka ayemancane, nezindlebe zamakhala nazo zazingabonakali.
Ikhanda empeleni belilikhulu kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba wonke. Lokhu kungenxa yobukhulu besilwane esidliwe yi-titanoboa. Umzimba wawunesisindo esingalingani: ngemuva kwekhanda, kwaqala amathambo omzimba wesibeletho ayinqaba, ngemuva kwalokho inyoka yaqina yaba maphakathi, yabe isincipha iya ngasemsileni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma kuqhathaniswa nenyoka enkulu yamanje - i-anaconda, i-titanoboa yayinde ngokuphindwe kabili futhi isinda kane kunayo. I-Anaconda inesisindo esingaba ngamakhulu amabili kg.
Vele, ama-specimen awazange agcinwe ngendlela yokuthi umbala wenyoka unganqunywa. Kodwa ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi umbala okhanyayo wawungeyona into yezilwane zasendaweni yakhe. UTitanoboa wayephila impilo eyimfihlo futhi enemibala yokufihla. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, umbala wakhe wawufana nenyoni yesimanje - umthunzi ohlaza okotshani omnyama namabala amnyama amise okwezindandatho emzimbeni wonke.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-titanoboa ibukeka kanjani. Ake sithole ukuthi yayihlala kuphi inyoka enkulu.
Wayehlala kuphi titanoboa?
Isithombe: Inyoka yeTitanoboa
Zonke izinyoka zinegazi elibandayo, futhi i-titanoboa yayinjalo. Ngakho-ke, indawo yokuhlala yale nyoka kufanele ifudumele noma ishise, kube nesimo sezulu esishisayo noma esishisayo. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka lenyoka enjalo kufanele okungenani libe ngama-33 degrees Celsius. Isimo sezulu esifudumele savumela lezi zinyoka ukuba zikwazi ukufinyelela osayizi abakhulu kakhulu.
Izinsalela zalezi zinyoka zitholakale kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- ENingizimu-mpumalanga Asia;
- EColombia;
- E-Australia.
Izinsalela zokuqala zitholakale ezansi kwemayini yaseColombia eCarreggion. Noma kunjalo, kufanelekile ukwenza iphutha ekushintsheni kwesimo samazwekazi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, yingakho kunzima ukusungula indawo ngqo yetitanoboa.
Uchwepheshe uMark Denny uthi i-titanoboa yayinkulu kakhulu kangangokuba yakhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu okuvela ezinkambisweni zomzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga lokushisa kwemvelo ezungeze lesi sidalwa bekumele libe ngama-degree amane noma ayisithupha aphansi kunalokho okushiwo abanye ososayensi abaningi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-titanoboa izoshisa ngokweqile.
Kwasungulwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi i-titanoboa yayihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo. Wayekhetha ukucasha emifuleni nasemachibini anodaka, lapho ahola khona ukuzingela kwakhe. Izinyoka zalolu sayizi zihamba kancane kakhulu, zivame ukukhasa ziphuma ezindlini zokukhosela futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, azizange zikhase ezihlahleni, njengoba kwenza amabhamu amaningi nezinhlwathi. Ukusekela lokhu, ososayensi badweba izifanekiselo nenhlwathi yesimanje, ehola leyo ndlela yokuphila.
Idlaleni ititanoboa?
Isithombe: Titanoboa yasendulo
Ngokuya ngesimo samazinyo aso, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi inyoka ibidla kakhulu izinhlanzi. Azikho izinsalela ezitholakele ngaphakathi kwamathambo ezinyoka ezinkulu, kodwa-ke, ngenxa yendlela yokuphila nokuhlala komzimba, kulandela ukuthi inyoka ayizange imunce inyamazane enkulu.
Akubona bonke ososayensi abavumayo ukuthi i-titanoboa yayidla izinhlanzi kuphela. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umzimba omkhulu wenyoka nawo ubudinga inani elikhulu lamandla, obengeke nje awuthole ezinhlanzini. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukusikisela ukuthi izidalwa ezilandelayo zenkathi yePaleocene zazingaba yizisulu ze-titanoboa.
I-baby karodny - izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ezihlala endaweni efanayo ne-titanoboa;
- IMongolia;
- plesiadapis;
- ama-phenacodus ePaleocene Late.
Kukhona nokusikisela ukuthi inyoka ayizange izingele ngendlela ejwayelekile yamaPython. Ekuqaleni, bekukholelwa ukuthi i-titanoboa isonge izindandatho zayo bese iyayikhama, yephula amathambo nokuphazamisa ukuphefumula. Eqinisweni, i-titanoboa isebenzise ukufihla, ingena emanzini anodaka futhi icashe ezansi.
Lapho isisulu sisondela emaphethelweni amanzi, inyoka yaphonsa ngokushesha, yabamba inyamazane ngemihlathi enamandla, yavele yephula amathambo ayo ngaso leso sikhathi. Le ndlela yokuzingela ayijwayelekile ezinyokeni ezingenabuthi, kepha isetshenziswa izingwenya.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ukuqothulwa kwe-titanoboa
Ama-Titanoboas aphila impilo eyimfihlo, eyedwa. Ubukhulu babo obukhulu namandla abo omzimba banxeshezelwa ukuthi inyoka yayingasebenzi emhlabeni, ngakho-ke yayikhetha ukucasha emanzini. Inyoka ichithe isikhathi sayo esiningi igxuma odakeni futhi ilinde inyamazane engaba khona - inhlanzi enkulu engeke ibone umhlaseli ohleli naye.
Njengama-anacondas nama-boas, i-titanoboa yayihloselwe ukonga amandla. Wayehambisa kuphela lapho elambile ngemuva kokugaywa isikhathi eside kokudla okudala. Wayezingela ikakhulukazi emanzini, kodwa wayekwazi ukubhukuda asondele ezweni, ecashe emaphethelweni. Lapho noma yiziphi izilwane ezinosayizi ofanele zifika emgodini wokunisela, i-titanoboa yasabela ngokushesha yazibulala. Inyoka cishe ayikaze iqhubekele emhlabathini, ikwenza kuphela ngezikhathi ezingavamile.
Ngasikhathi sinye, i-titanoboa ayizange yehluke kulaka olwedlulele. Uma inyoka ibigcwele, ibingazizwa ihlasela inhlanzi noma izilwane, noma ngabe beziseduze. Futhi, i-titanoboa ingahle ithambekele ekudleni komuntu, okuqinisekisa impilo yakhe yedwa. Kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zinyoka kwakuyizidalwa zomhlaba kuphela. Babengavikela indawo yabo phambi kwabanye abantu be-titanoboa, ngoba izinqolobane zokudla zalezi zinyoka zazilinganiselwe ngenxa yobukhulu bazo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Giant titanoboa
Kunzima ngokwedlulele ukusungula inkathi eyaqala ngayo imidlalo yokukhwelana nge-titanoboa. Kungenzeka kuphela ukucabanga ukuthi ukuzalaniswa kwonyaka kwalezi zinyoka kwenzeka kanjani, kuncike emaqinisweni asevele esaziwa ngokuzalaniswa kwezinhlwathi nezinkomo. Ama-titanoboas ayeyizinyoka ezi-oviparous. Isikhathi sokuzalela sawela esikhathini lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liqala ukukhuphuka ngemuva kokuncipha kwesizini - cishe, ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, lapho kuqala isikhathi semvula.
Njengoba i-titanoboa yayihlala yodwa, abesilisa kwakudingeka bafune abesifazane bodwa. Cishe, kwakukhona owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abaningi endaweni ethile, ayengashada naye.
Kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi abesilisa be-titanoboa bake balwa yini phakathi kwabo belwela ilungelo lokushada. Izinyoka zanamuhla ezingenabuthi aziphikisani ngokungqubuzana, futhi abesifazane ngokuzimela bakhetha owesilisa abathanda kakhulu, uma kukhona ukukhetha, ngaphandle kwezimpi zokubonisa. Njengomthetho, owesilisa omkhulu kunabo bonke unelungelo lokushada - okufanayo kungasetshenziswa ku-titanoboa.
Abesifazane babeka imvuthu eduze kwendawo yabo yemvelo - amachibi, imifula noma amaxhaphozi. Izinhlwathi nezinkomo ziqapha ngomona amaqanda abekiwe, ngakho-ke, kungacatshangwa ukuthi abesifazane besitanoboa babehlala bethandwa futhi bezivikela ekungenelweni yizilwane ezizingelayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoka ezinkulu ziyeka ukudla futhi zikhathale, ngoba abesilisa ababambiqhaza emaqandeni okuncelisa.
Ekuqaleni, izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa zazisondelene nonina, yize zazinkulu ngokwanele ukuzingela ngokuzimela. Kamuva, abantu abasindile bazitholela indawo ecezile, lapho baqhubeka khona.
Izitha zemvelo ze-titanoboa
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani titanoboa
Yize i-titanoboa yayiyinyoka enkulu, kwakungeyona isidalwa esikhulukazi sangesikhathi sayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, zaziningi ezinye izilwane ezinkulu ezazincintisana naye. Isibonelo, lokhu kufaka phakathi izimfudu zeCarbonemis, izinsalela zazo ezivame ukutholakala emaxhaphozini nasemachibini aseduze nezinsalela ze-titanoboa.
Iqiniso ukuthi lezi zimfudu zazinezisekelo ezifanayo zokudla njenge-titanoboa - inhlanzi. Futhi zihlobene ngendlela efanayo yokuzingela - ukufihla. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-titanoboa yayihlala ihlangana nofudu olukhulu, futhi lokhu kuhlangana kungaba yinyoka. Imihlathi yofudu yayinamandla anele okuluma ngekhanda le-titanoboa noma emzimbeni omncane. Ngokulandelayo, i-titanoboa yayingalimaza ikhanda lofudu kuphela, ngoba amandla okulunywa nakanjani ngeke anele ukuphula igobolondo.
Futhi, izingwenya ezinkulu, ezisakhetha ukuhlala emifuleni emincane noma emanzini amile, zazingenza umncintiswano omkhulu nge-titanoboa. Babengabona izihloko ze-titanoboas njengezimbangi zombili zokudla futhi njengezisulu. Izingwenya zafika ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kepha ezinkulu kunazo zonke zazingabulala i-titanoboa.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo noma izinyoni zibe usongo enyokeni enkulu. Ngenxa yendlela yakhe yokuphila eyimfihlo nobukhulu obukhulu, azikho izilwane ezazingamthola noma zimkhiphe emanzini. Ngakho-ke, kuphela ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezihlanganyela naye izindawo ezifanayo ezingaba usongo ku-titanoboa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoka yeTitanoboa
Isizathu sokuqothulwa kwe-titanoboa silula: silele ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, okuthinte kakhulu isilwane esihuquzelayo esinamakhaza. Ama-titanoboas azivumelanisa ngokuphelele namazinga okushisa aphezulu, kepha awakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhamba kwamazwekazi nokupholisa kancane kancane kwaholela ekuqothulweni kancane kwalezi zinyoka.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-titanoboa ingabuya ngenxa yokushisa komhlaba. Izigidi zeminyaka yokuzivumelanisa namazinga okushisa aphakeme ziholela eqinisweni lokuthi izilwane zikhula ngosayizi, zikhiqiza isikhutha esiningi. Ama-anacondas nezinkomo zamanje zingashintsha zibe uhlobo olufana ne-titanoboa, kodwa lokhu kuzothatha izigidi zeminyaka.
Ama-titanoboas ahlala esikweni elidumile. Isibonelo, ngo-2011, imodeli eyimitha eyishumi yomshini wale nyoka enkulu, futhi ithimba lokuklama lihlela ukwenza inyoka ngosayizi ogcwele - wonke amamitha ayi-15.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamathambo we-titanoboa kwethulwe eGrand Central Station ngo-2012. Abantu bendawo babekwazi ukubona ubukhulu obukhulu balesi sidalwa sasendulo.
UTitanoboa ubuye wavela kumafilimu nasezincwadini. Le nyoka ishiya umbono ongapheli - ukubuka nje okukodwa ngosayizi wamathambo ayo kwanele. Titanoboa wayephethe isikhundla esiphakeme ochungechungeni lokudla lwePaleocene, futhi wayebuye abe ngumdondoshiya wangempela wesikhathi sakhe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 20.09.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 26.08.2019 ngo-22: 02
