Khrushch ajwayelekile kwabaningi hhayi nje njengesinambuzane esikhulu, okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukusibuka, kepha futhi njengesilokazane esinonya sezingadi namasimu ezithelo. Ibhungane laba negama lalo ngenxa yokuthi isigaba somsebenzi walo sisebenza kakhulu ngenyanga kaMeyi. Ngaphandle kokungenela kwakhe, uyayithanda imikhuba yakhe nendlela yakhe yokuphila.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Khrushch
I-Khrushchev inkulu kakhulu - ikhula ngo-18-38 mm ubude. Umzimba webhungane ubanzi, uvuleke okweqanda futhi uyindilinga, omnyama noma obomvu ngokunsundu ngombala. Umzimba webhungane unekhanda, isifuba, isisu futhi umbozwe ngegobolondo eliqinile le-chitinous. Ngokulandelayo, isifuba sebhungane sihlukaniswe saba izingxenye ezintathu, nesisu sibe izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili.
Izimpiko ezinombala oguqukayo zivikelwe i-elytra eqinile, engaba nombala kusuka kosundu ophuzi uye kobomvu noma nsundu. Inhloko yebhungane incane, ibanzi kuneyide, iyisicaba kakhulu, inombala omnyama ngokuqhathaniswa ne-elytra.
Ividiyo: Khrushch
Umzimba wonke webhungane umbozwe ngezinwele zobude obahlukene, umbala nobuningi. Izimila zingaminyene kangangokuba kunzima ukubona umbala oyinhloko webhungane ngaphansi. Izinwele ezinde kakhulu nezinesibindi ziqoqwa ngemivimbo emincane yobude obude ekhanda lebhungane. Ku-elytra umuntu angabona kalula izinwele ezinde ezingashadile, nasesifubeni - ezimfushane, kodwa ezimila kakhulu.
Ezinhlangothini zesisu sebhungane kunezimbobo ezincane - imiphetho. Kungenxa yazo ukuthi umoya ungena kumashubhu okuphefumula ebhungane futhi uthwalwa emzimbeni wawo wonke.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Impahla eyimfihlakalo futhi emangalisa kunazo zonke yezinyosi yikhono lazo lokundiza, yize ngokwemithetho ye-aerodynamics, zona (njengezinyosi ezinkulu) akufanele zindize nakancane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uKrushch
Ibhungane linamabhangqa amathathu emilenze echonywe kakhulu enoboya. Umbhangqwana wokuqala webhungane uqhamuka ebeleni langaphambili, ubhangqa wesibili usuka ku-meso-thorax, kanti owesibili uvela kwi-metathorax. Amazinyo amathathu abukhali abonakala ngokusobala emilenzeni engezansi yezingalo zangaphambili.
Amehlo ebhungane ayinkimbinkimbi, ayizindilinga ngesimo, okukuvumela ukuthi ubuke umhlaba okuzungezile nge-wide angle. Izimpondo zebhungane ziqukethe izingxenye eziyishumi nambili (ezimfushane eziyisishiyagalolunye neyodwa ubude) futhi ziyadingeka ukuze inuke. U-Antennal flagella ngandlela thile ufana nomlandeli, futhi usayizi we "fan" emadodeni uyahlaba umxhwele kakhulu kunabesifazane. Empeleni, abesilisa bayahluka kwabesifazane ngosayizi omkhulu we-fan nomzimba.
Izinsimbi zomlomo wamabhungane kaMay zingezohlobo lokugedla, olukuvumela ukuba kudle amaqabunga amancane namahlumela ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu.
Izengezo zomlomo (ngazimbili ngazimbili) zitholakala emaphethelweni omlomo:
- umbhangqwana wokuqala uyizitinyela;
- umbhangqwana wesibili umhlathi ongezansi;
- umbhangqwana wesithathu udebe olungezansi.
Umlomo ongaphezulu ubukeka njengepuleti elincane, kodwa elibanzi, elihlanganisa wonke lo mnotho ovela phezulu. Ngesikhathi sokudla, leli bhungane libamba ngokuphelele imihlathi engenhla nengezansi, kanti izindlebe zisiza ukuhlohla ukudla kungene emlonyeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imvamisa ibhungane lididekile nebhungane lethusi, yize empeleni liyizinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene.
Uhlala kuphi ibhungane?
Isithombe: Khrushch eRussia
Indawo yokuhlala yebhungane itholakala kakhulu eNyakatho Nenkabazwe - iYurophu, i-Asia, iNyakatho Melika (indawo epholile, ezishisayo). Inani labo lincane kakhulu kwezinye iziqhingi zase-Oceania, e-Afrika, eNingizimu Melika, lapho amabhungane abonakala khona kuphela enyakatho yezwe. Ezindaweni ezibandayo endaweni enesimo sezulu esipholile, kunamabhungane ambalwa kakhulu, futhi akukho neyodwa inhlobo ehlala endaweni ye-taiga.
Ngokuqondene nendawo okuhlala kuyo, la mabhungane akhethe indawo enokhuni enenhlabathi eyisihlabathi evundlile nenhlabathi enesihlabathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, bayayigwema ngokuphelele inhlabathi yobumba, ngoba lapho kunenkinga ngabesifazane ukubeka amaqanda ukuze babeke amaqanda.
Kuze kube manje, izazi zezinambuzane zikhomba izinhlobo ezingama-63 zamabhungane kaMeyi, nazi izincazelo zezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu kuzo:
- I-Eastern May Khrushch (dikokastanovy Khrushch). Kulezi zinhlobo, i-dimorphism yezocansi ibizwa kakhulu: abesifazane bancane kakhulu ngosayizi kunabesilisa (abesilisa kuze kufike ku-29 mm, abesifazane kuze kufike ku-15 mm). Umbala walezi zinhlobo ubuswa yimithunzi ebomvu futhi nsundu. Futhi, ibhungane linezimpondo ezimnyama. Ibhungane laseMpumalanga elijwayeleke kakhulu litholakala eYurophu nase-Asia.
- ibhungane laseCaucasus luhlobo lwebhungane olungandile oluhlala, ngokuxakile, eJalimane nase-Austria (ingxenye esentshonalanga). Umehluko ovela kwezinye izinhlobo ulele kwi-pygidium efushane futhi eyindilinga, kanye nokuba khona kwesikali ku-elytra esikhundleni sezinwele.
- ibhungane elisentshonalanga lide kancane kunozakwabo wasempumalanga futhi linomzimba olinganiselayo. Omunye umehluko imikhuba. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, uthanda isimo sezulu esifudumele, uhlala emasimini, hhayi emahlathini nasezivandeni, futhi ubuye aqhamuke ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 kamuva entwasahlobo, lapho kuba nokufudumala okukhulu. Izimpondo zinsundu ngokukhanyayo, hhayi ezimnyama. Ihlala kakhulu eningizimu ye-Ukraine (izifunda zaseKherson nase-Odessa, izindawo ezingezansi zoMfula iDniester).
Manje uyazi ukuthi uhlala kuphi ibhungane. Ake sibone ukuthi lidlani leli bhungane.
Yini edliwa ibhungane?
Isithombe: Ibhungane laseKhrushch
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwebhungane endala amaqabunga amancane ezihlahla, amahlumela awo, uginindela wezimbali eziqhakazile. Amabhungane akhethwa kakhulu emaqabungeni ezihlahla zezithelo nezihlahlana (iplamu, ipheya, i-cherry, i-cherry enoshukela, i-apula, ibhilikosi, okusajingijolo, ugqumugqumu).
Izibungu zebhungane, ezinomjikelezo wokuthuthuka wazo zihlala iminyaka emithathu futhi zenzeka emhlabathini ngokujula okungu-10-20 cm, ziba namandla kakhulu kaningi kunabantu abadala. Badla izimpande zezitshalo ezincane ngobuningi, okuletha ukulimala okukhulu ezitshalweni zezolimo nezokulima. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izitshalo ezinezimpande ezidliwe yizibungu ezimweni eziningi zikhula kabi noma zife ngokuphelele.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izibungu zebhungane azinabungozi, ngoba zondla kuphela ama-humus nezitshalo zezitshalo. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi wabo, futhi-ke, ukuminza kuwela eminyakeni yesi-2 neyesi-3 yokuphila.
Kwangathi izibungu zebhungane zingadla izimpande zazo zonke izitshalo zemifino namajikijolo, kanye nezimbali zazo. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezisencane zamazambane nezimpande ze-sitrobheli ziyizibiliboco ezifiseleka ngokukhethekile kubo. Ngakho-ke, bangalimaza kakhulu amasimu wonke amazambane namasimu amakhulu amajikijolo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izibungu eziningana zamabhungane ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala zingadla kalula izimpande zesihlahla sezithelo esineminyaka emibili ubudala, futhi isibungu esisodwa ngalesi sikhathi sikwazi ukudonsa izimpande zezihlahla ze-sitrobheli eziyi-1-2.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Western Khrushch
Entwasahlobo, ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho zonke izihlahla zimbozwe amahlamvu amancane, abesilisa bakhasa ngobuningi basuka phansi. Ngemuva kwesonto, abesifazane bayabajoyina, ukuze bangahlehlisi ukudla okumnandi ngemifino enamanzi amasha bese beqala ukukhwelana, bese beya kwezinye izinkathazo ngesizukulwane esizayo.
Usayizi webhungane ngesikhathi sayo esifushane (amasonto angu-4-7) uyahluka futhi ungafinyelela kuma-38 mm. Isimo somzimba webhungane siyi-oval, kanti isisindo sifinyelela ku-10 g Umbala wazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wazo uncike ohlotsheni nasendaweni ehlala kuyo. Ngakho-ke, amabhungane anombala omnyama ahlala emahlathini aminyene, futhi anombala okhanyayo - endaweni engaphansi, emaphethelweni nasemasimini.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu obukhulu, amabhungane anamandla kakhulu endizeni futhi angakwazi ukumboza kalula amabanga afinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-20, ngejubane elingaba ngu-30 m ngomzuzu owodwa. Ngesikhathi sendiza, bavame ukukhala kakhulu.
I-Khrushchev ivame ukusebenza kakhulu kusihlwa, lapho ilanga selivele lishonile, kepha ayikabi mnyama ngokuphelele. Abanye abantu bangandiza ubusuku bonke, kuze kube sekuntweleni kokusa, bese behlangana nemithombo yokukhanya yokufakelwa. Emini, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla okunomsoco, la mabhungane aba lethargic futhi ozele kuze kube mnyama. Ngokuqala kokuhlwa, konke kuyaziphinda.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunezinganekwane mayelana nokusebenza kwamabhungane kaMay. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma ibhungane lizibekele umgomo, lizolilwela naphezu kwakho konke.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: May Khrushch
Ibhungane libonakala ngomjikelezo wokuthuthuka onezinguquko eziningana, okubandakanya lezi zigaba ezilandelayo:
- iqanda (ubude bezinyanga eziyi-1-1.5);
- isiphungumangathi (ubude besikhathi sezinyanga ezi-1-2);
- isibungu (ubude beminyaka engu-3-4);
- umuntu omdala uyi-imago (ubude bezinyanga eziyi-1-2).
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sika-May mabhungane ngokuvamile senzeka ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngemuva kokukhwelana nowesilisa, insikazi igobhoza inhlabathi bese ibeka amaqanda (ama-20-30 ama-PC.), Futhi lokhu kulandelana kwezenzo kungaphindwa kaningana ngesizini ngayinye. Lokho wukuthi, empilweni yakhe emfushane, owesifazane oyedwa angakhwelana nabesilisa abaningana futhi enze imikhuhlane engu-3-4, noma nangaphezulu.
Amaqanda ebhungane ngokuvamile amhlophe qwa, abe ububanzi obungu-1.5-2.5 mm. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, ngemuva kwenyanga nohhafu, izibungu ziyaqhekeka ngomzimba ojiyile ogobile, ikhanda elikhulu nezitho eziyisithupha ezimfushane ezingathuthukile bese zikhasa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kwaphela iminyaka engu-3-4, izibungu zihlala, zikhula, zondle emhlabathini ngokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-10 kuya ku-20. Ngesikhathi sokubanda kwasebusika, zigobhoza kancane zijule - kuze kufike ku-1-1.5 m.
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izibungu zidla ama-humus, ama-humus nezimpande zotshani obuncane. Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, baqala ukushintsha indlela abadla ngayo futhi kancane kancane bathuthele ezimpandeni zezitshalo ezinkudlwana. Ekufuneni ukudla, izibungu zebhungane zingakhasa zize ziphume emhlabathini isikhashana ziye phezulu, zihlanganisa ibanga elingu-30-50 cm.
Ngemuva kobusika besithathu noma besine, ngo-Septhemba noma ngo-Okthoba, isibungu sebhungane sigxuma singene emhlabathini futhi ama-pupates, okungukuthi, siphenduka isiphungumangathi. Isigaba se-pupal imvamisa sithatha izinsuku ezingama-30-45, kuthi ekugcineni kwalesi sikhathi, kuqhamuke ibhungane elidala eliphelele ku-pupa. Ibhungane lichitha lonke ekwindla nasebusika ngaphansi komhlaba egobolondweni lesiphungumangathi, futhi ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi likhasa phezulu. Kulokhu, abesilisa bamabhungane bakhethwa phambilini, nabesifazane kamuva.
Izitha zemvelo zesilo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uKrushch?
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi amabhungane nezibungu zawo kuyizinambuzane eziyingozi zamahlathi, izivande, amasimu nezingadi zemifino. Phakathi nempilo yabo emfushane, amabhungane amadala (abantu abadala) adla inani elikhulu nje lamaqabunga amancane nezimbali zezihlahla zezithelo, okugcina kuthinte umkhiqizo wawo. Izibungu ziyingozi kakhulu kunabantu abadala, ngoba ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu - iminyaka engama-4-5, futhi ngalesi sikhathi, zondla kuphela ezimpandeni zotshani nezihlahla ezincane, ziletha umonakalo omkhulu emahlathini nakwezolimo.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona ubulungiswa emvelweni futhi kungokuthi amabhungane, nawo asebenze njengokudla kwezinyoni nezilwane eziningi. Ngakho-ke, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane ezinjengama-hedgehogs, ama-badger, ama-moles, amagundane, amalulwane nezinyoni ezinkulu: izinkanyezi, amagwababa, izimpisi, ama-hoopoes, ama-rook ngisho nezikhova akunqeni nakancane ukudla amabhungane amadala.
Izibungu zebhungane, ezicebile ngamaprotheni noketshezi, ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu izinyoni ezincane zasehlathini. Lesi sici semvelo sisiza bobabili ukubamba inani lamabhungane nokondla izinyoni ngenzalo yazo eningi.
Ezinye izitha zemvelo zezibungu zika-May beetle yizibhungane ezisemhlabeni ezaziwa yibo bonke. Abaningi bababheka njengezinambuzane, kodwa badla izibungu zebhungane (ikakhulukazi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila), ngaleyo ndlela banikeze usizo olukhulu kubo bonke abalimi nabalimi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Khrushch
Kuze kube manje, inani lamabhungane endaweni yalo eYurophu, e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika alilikhulu kakhulu futhi, ngokushintshashintsha okuncane kolunye uhlangothi, kuhlala kugcinwa ngokwesilinganiso semvelo. Lo mphumela uzuzwe okungenani ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Ngokuqondene namabhungane ahlala kwezinye iziqhingi zase-Oceania, akukho datha kulokhu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50 eyedlule, isimo ngamabhungane eYurophu nase-Asia sasihluke ngokuphelele. Eminyakeni ethile yaphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili, inani lamabhungane lalimane nje liyinhlekelele. La mabhungane andiza emihlambini emikhulu, anda ngokushesha, okwadala umonakalo ongalungiseki kubalimi nakubalimi, kwabavuna isivuno esiningi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, nempilo yabo. Kwenzeka futhi ukuthi amabhungane ngokoqobo "agunda" izingadi namasimu wonke, ashiya amagatsha angenalutho ngaphandle kwamaqabunga namagxolo, kanye nezindawo zomhlaba ezimnyama nezingenalutho ngaphandle kwezimila.
Ngaphambi kwenkathi yezibulala-zinambuzane, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokubhekana nalezi zinambuzane kwakuwukuzamazamisa izihlahla ekuseni kakhulu, ngemuva kwalokho amabhungane aqoqwa futhi abhujiswe ngesandla. Indlela yakudala yokubhekana namabhungane yayisebenza kanzima futhi ingasebenzi, ngoba ezinye izinambuzane zazisakwazi ukugwema ukubulawa.
Khrushchev abantu abaningi, uma bengabonwa, mhlawumbe bezwile. Ngempela, ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo nokufudumala, amafu aphelele kaMay mabhungane kusihlwa andiza ngomsindo omkhulu phezu kwezingadi eziqhakazayo. Khumbula, imbongi uTaras Shevchenko unendinyana ngalesi sihloko: "Kukhona ikheji lezithelo, kunomsindo odilikayo phezu kwamacherry ..."?
Isikhathi samabhungane noma amabhungane ngu-Ephreli noMeyi. Kwakungalesi sikhathi ibhungane kudla kakhulu, kudla amahlamvu nezimbali, futhi kukhiqize ngenkuthalo, kwesinye isikhathi okungazisizi izinkambu, amahlathi, izivande nezingadi zemifino.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 09/01/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 22.08.2019 ngo-22: 56
