UGelada - inkawu, ehlukaniswa ukubukeka kwazo okungavamile. Yize zifana nezinkawu ezifana nezimfene, zizolile futhi aziyona imikhuba yokudla eyomele igazi. AmaGelads atholakele kungekudala, ngakho-ke ucwaningo ngalezi zinkawu ezihlukile lusaqhubeka.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Gelada
UGelada uyisihlobo esiseduze sezimfene. Ngenxa yokuncipha kwendawo yokuhlala, le nkawu ayivelakancane ngokwedlulele, yize abantu bayo bezinzile. IGelada ingeyomndeni wezinkawu, okubandakanya izimfene, ama-drill, ama-mandrill, ama-hamadryas nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinkawu.
Abamele umndeni wezinkawu babizwa nangokuthi izinkawu "eziphethwe yinja", ngenxa yesimo esingajwayelekile sogebhezi lwalezi zilwane. Ngenkathi kwezinye izinkawu ugebhezi luyisicaba, lusondele kumuntu omile, izinkawu zinokhakhayi olude, nolulene. Uqwanga lwamakhala lincane kakhulu futhi nokuvuleka kwamehlo kukhulu.
Ividiyo: Gelada
Phambilini, i-gelad ibibalwa njengenye yezinhlobo zezimfene, kepha kamuva kwatholakala izici ezihlukile zokuziphatha nokuziphatha ezavumela lezi zinkawu ukuba zibe uhlobo oluhlukile.
Izinkawu zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
- izinkawu ezidla ukudla kokubili inyama nezitshalo. Laba bantu bayakwazi nokuzingela okusebenzayo noma bangakudeleli ukubola. Njengomthetho, izinkawu ezisebenzisa omnivorous zinolaka kakhulu futhi azibikezeli. Ngokuvamile izinkawu ezinjalo zihlala emhlabathini, azivamile ukukhuphukela phezulu ezihlahleni, futhi zinkulu ngosayizi;
- izinkawu ezidla imifino, ezihola impilo yokuphila ngokweqile, zidla izithelo namaqabunga aluhlaza.
Izinkawu zomndeni wenkawu nazo zinezici eziningi. Isibonelo, imisila yawo ayisebenzi futhi ayenzi imisebenzi ebalulekile, noma ayinyakazi ngokuphelele futhi ayilawulwa izinkawu. Izinkawu zivame ukubiza ama-sciatic calluses, afeza indima yawo emidlalweni yokukhwelana. Futhi, abamele umndeni bahamba kuphela ngemilenze emine, yize izitho zangaphambili zibambelela, zikhule kangcono kakhulu kunalezo zangemuva.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uGelada
AmaGelads izinkawu ezinkulu ezinokukhanya okukhanyayo ngokocansi. Abesifazane banesisindo esifinyelela ku-12 kg, kanti abesilisa bangeqa ama-20 kg, yize ubude bomzimba nokuphakama okubunayo kucishe kufane. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-50-70, ngaphandle komsila. Umsila ngokwawo mude, uhlobene nezinye izinkawu - cishe amasentimitha angama-30-50. Njengasezimfeneni, umsila wejelisi unamathela ethanjeni le-pelvic cishe ngo-10 cm, bese ulenga.
AmaGelad anengubo emnyama - imvamisa umbala onsundu noma we-auburn. Isifuba, ingaphakathi lezidladla, isisu kanye nomhlathi ongezansi kunemibala ekhanya kancane (kwabesifazane, lo mbala ungafinyelela kokumhlophe). Abesilisa banomhlwenga obukhulu ngemuva kwentamo onabela esifubeni. Ijazi likaGelad linzima futhi liminyene; banengubo yangaphansi efudumele.
Isifonyo segelad asiside njengalezi ezinye izinkawu. Kuzungezwe ngokushintshwa okuthambile. Amakhala asondele, i-septum nayo incane. AmaGelads ahamba ngemilenze emine, futhi izinzwane zezingaphambili zikhule kahle emisebenzini yokubamba. Amehlo kaGelad asondelene futhi anomfundi omncane omnyama.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Lapho sezikhulile, izinkawu zinesifo lapho iso licabalele khona ngaphansi kwengcindezi bese umfundi enwetshelwa phezulu.
Isici esihlukile se-gelad indawo ebomvu esifubeni. Ayinazo nhlobo izinwele futhi ithola umbala ocebe ngokwedlulele phakathi nesikhathi sokukhwelana kwezinkawu. Le ndawo ebomvu izungezwe ngoboya obumhlophe, nokuqhubeka kugcizelela ukuba khona kwayo. Le ndawo ingenxa yezici ze-hormonal ze-gelad, okungekho enye inkawu enayo.
Uhlala kuphi uGelada?
Isithombe: Monkey Gelada
Ukutholakala kwalolu hlobo kungenxa yezindawo ezihlukile ze-gelad. Iqiniso ukuthi bahlala kuphela ezintabeni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Ethiopia. Kunenqolobane enkulu yamaSimmen, lapho amaGelad ahlala khona isikhathi eside kakhulu nangaphambi kokuba atholakale ososayensi bemvelo.
Lezi zindawo zinesimo sezulu esibandayo esibuhlungu. Lawa ngamatshe, izintaba nemithambeka, kwezinye izindawo kugcwele utshani obukhulu, futhi ezindaweni - kungenalutho ngokuphelele. Zimbalwa kakhulu izihlahla kule ndawo, ngakho-ke izinkawu zichitha sonke isikhathi sazo emhlabathini, zihamba kalula phakathi kwamatshe namatshe noma zicashe otshanini obude.
Ukuphakama kwala magquma kungafinyelela kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-2-5 ngaphezu kolwandle. Aziziningi izilwane ezizwana ngalokhu kuphakama, futhi kuyirekhodi phakathi kwezinkawu (ngaphandle kohlobo lwezinkawu ezihlala ezihlahleni zemithi). AmaGelads akhetha isimo sezulu esomile futhi angabekezelela kalula isithwathwa. Uboya babo babahlinzeka nge-thermoregulation efanele, ngakho-ke ababi nobunzima ngenkathi ebandayo, futhi ehlobo abahlushwa ukushisa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkawu zalolu hlobo ziyakwazi ukugibela ezihlahleni, yize kungavamile ukuthi zikwenze. Kwesinye isikhathi ziyakwazi ukugibela ngemuva kwezithelo ezingavamile noma amahlamvu amnandi, kepha azikhuphuki kakhulu - usayizi omkhulu wama-gelads awabavumeli ukuba basheshe futhi bakwazi ukuhambisa ezihlahleni.
Manje uyazi lapho inkawu yeGelada ihlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Udla ini uGelada?
Isithombe: Gelada e-Ethiopia
Yize iqiniso lokuthi ama-gelads ayizihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zezimfene, iningi lazo lidla kakhulu. Indawo abahlala kuyo ayinazo izithelo eziningi, amajikijolo nezinye izithelo, ngakho-ke ama-primates aphoqeleka ukuba adle ngokoqobo konke okungaphansi kwezinyawo zawo.
Ukudla kukaGelad kufaka:
- utshani obuluhlaza;
- imbewu;
- izimpande;
- utshani obomile ngenkathi ebandayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi amaGelads akwazi ukuzuza ngenyama - imvamisa lawa ngamagundane angahleliwe, amachwane, izinyoni eziwile noma amaqanda ezinyoni. Kepha lokhu kuziphatha akuvamile kakhulu phakathi kwama-gelads.
Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi befunda ngezakhi zokudla okunempilo kwe-gelad, bengazi ukuthi izinkawu ziphila kanjani ekudleni okunjalo okunama-kilojoule amancane. Ayikho enye imithombo yokudla etholakele, ngakho-ke izazi zemvelo zavuma ukuthi ama-gelads ayizinkawu ezidla kakhulu, nokuyinto eyivelakancane phakathi kwezinkawu.
Iminwe yeGelad iyashintshwa ukuze kuhlungwe utshani nokumba izimpande. Izinkawu zikhetha ngokuphelele ekukhetheni ukudla futhi zidla ngokoqobo zonke izimila eziza ngaphansi kwezinyawo zazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma bebona izithelo noma amajikijolo ekhula ngaphezu komhlaba, bayakwazi ukukhuphuka phezulu ngokwanele ukuze bazuze kulokhu kudla okumnandi.
Ehlobo, lapho kunezitshalo eziningi nxazonke, ama-gelads akwazi ukukhetha izindwani ezimnandi kakhulu zotshani. Iminwe yabo ihamba kamnandi ngokwedlulele, ngakho-ke bangahlala isikhathi eside futhi bahlele ngotshani nabo, bakhethe iziqu ezimnandi kakhulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: African Gelada
AmaGelads akha amaqembu abesilisa abangafika kwabahlanu nabesifazane abaningana. Inani eliphelele labantu eqenjini elinjalo, njengomthetho, alidluli izinkawu eziyi-15. Kukhona futhi amaqembu aqukethe ngokuphelele abesilisa abancane - lapho-ke kungaba nabantu abangaphezu kwe-15 eqenjini, kepha imihlambi enjalo iphila isikhathi esifushane futhi iyahlakazeka ngokushesha lapho abesilisa bezitholela abesifazane.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amaGelads anemishado yasebukhosini. Isikhundla senhlalo sabantu besifazane siphezulu kakhulu kunesabesilisa. Abesifazane bakhululekile ukukhetha ukuthi yibaphi abesilisa abazogana nabo, futhi futhi bakhetha ukuthi yibaphi abesilisa abahlala emhlambini wabo futhi okufanele bashiye. Uma abesifazane ababusayo bengathandi owesilisa ngokuthize, bayamxosha ngamabutho ahlangene.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhundla sabaphathi phakathi kwabesifazane asichazwanga kahle kangako. Kukhona abesifazane be-alpha abaningana, kepha abacindezeli abanye besifazane noma babaxoshe.
Amanye amaqembu e-gelad angakha imihlambi yabantu abangafika kuma-60. Izinhlangano ezinjalo zenzeka, njengomthetho, ngesikhathi sasebusika, lapho kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ukudla okufudumele nokuhlangene ukuze bondle, okokuqala, abasha.
Ama-geladell ayashintsha. Kusihlwa ziqoqene emadwaleni nasematsheni aphakeme, lapho zilala khona zingamaqembu, kuthi emini zisabalale zinqamule insimu zifuna ukudla. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinkawu ezinokuthula okuvumela izazi zemvelo ukuthi zisondele ngokwanele, cishe zingakhombisi ntshisekelo kuzo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Gelada Cub
AmaGelads aba nomsindo kakhulu ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Abesilisa bakhipha ukukhala okumnandi, okuheha abesifazane. Kwesinye isikhathi bayakwazi ukuhlela izimpi zokubonisa ezingahlali isikhathi eside futhi ezingaholi emiphumeleni yegazi - owesifazane uzikhethela yena umlingani onamandla, ngemuva kwalokho ukukhwelana kwenzeka ngokushesha.
Ukukhulelwa kwegelad kwenzeka ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezinhlanu nengxenye. Njengomthetho, kuzalwa eyodwa (ezingaphansi kaningi - ezimbili) zamawundlu anesisindo esingengaphezu kwama-460 amagremu. Ekuqaleni, leli litshana lihlala esiswini sikanina, liyibambe ngezidladla, bese lihamba lize liye emhlane. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezinhlanu, ama-gelads amancane akwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimela.
AmaGelads adla ubisi unyaka nonyaka. Izingono zeGelad zitholakala eduze kakhulu komunye nomunye, ngakho-ke uma kune-cub eyodwa kuphela, iphakela izingono ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye. Ukukhuliswa kwezingane kwenzeka eqenjini, kepha abesilisa ababambiqhaza kukho. Izinsikazi zinakekela wonke amawundlu, ikakhulukazi zisiza lezo zinsikazi ezizalele ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye.
Iqiniso elimnandi: Ama-geladas abesifazane abeletha ebusuku. Izizathu zalesi sici azikaziwa.
AmaGelads afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka emine, yize abesifazane bengabeletha eminyakeni emithathu nje. Kepha abesilisa bakhiqiza inzalo yabo yokuqala kungakabi neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala - lokhu kungenxa yesimo sabo senhlalo phambi kwabesifazane. Abesilisa abancane mancane amathuba okuthi bakhombise amandla abo nobuhlakani babo phambi kwezinsikazi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-gelads aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-19. Lezi zinkawu azigcinwa ekuthunjweni ngenxa yokutholakala kwazo endle.
Izitha zemvelo ze-gelad
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-gelada
Ngenxa yokuthi amaGelad atholakala kuphela endaweni ethile, cishe azinazo izitha zemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-gelad inesimo esinciphile sokuzivikela - ivumela izazi zemvelo ukuthi zisondele, zingakhombisi ubudlova futhi zingatatazeli. Uma abakwaGelad bebubona ubungozi, benza umsindo. Ukuba ngesinye sezinkawu ezinomsindo kakhulu emhlabeni, ama-gelads akwazi ukwethusa izilwane ezidlayo ngokukhala kwawo. Futhi ziguqula iphimbo kanye nesikhathi semisindo, okujwayelekile ukuxhumana kwabantu.
Isitha esikhulu semvelo sikaGelad yingwe. Akunzima kuleli kati ukuzingela izinkawu ezisemhlabeni, ezimeni eziningi, ezingenayo imizila yokuphunyuka. Ekuzingeleni, izingwe zikhetha amawundlu nabesifazane, abesilisa abavame ukuba bodwa. Ama-Leopards awalokothi ahlasele amaduna amakhulu aqinile.
Kodwa-ke, ama-geladas wesilisa ayakwazi ukuvikela imihlambi ekuhlaselweni izingwe. Abesilisa abaningana ngesibindi baphuthuma kumzingeli, bewusabisa ngokunyakaza okukhulu kwezidladla nokukhala okukhulu. Abesilisa abaningana balezi zinkawu ezinkulu bayakwazi ukukhubaza noma ngisho nokubulala ikati elikhulu, ngakho izingwe zikhetha ukufuna enye inyamazane.
Amawundlu weGelad nawo angahlaselwa yizinkozi kanye nama-kites, kepha lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Amawundlu amancane ahlala ezungezwe abesifazane noma emhlane kanina, kanti izimpungushe ezinkulu sezivele zikwazi ukuzimela ukuxosha izinyoni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Gelada
Ngesikhathi sika-2009, inani lama-gelads lalingabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-450. Yize kusukela ngo-1970, inani labo selicishe laba yingxenye.
Kwakunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:
- ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba omusha njengomhlaba wezolimo. Lokhu kunciphise ukutholakala kokudla kwe-gelad, okubaphoqe ukuthi bafune izindawo ezintsha zokuhlala;
- ukuthunjwa kwezinkawu ngocwaningo lwelabhoratri;
- ukuzingela izinkawu zenyama, okudala ukuthi kubangelwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zokwelapha;
- ukudubula abesilisa besikhumba nama-manes aluhlaza, athengiswa emakethe emnyama ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Okwamanje, izinkawu sezizinze esiqiwini, lapho kungekho lutho oluzisongelayo. Inani lama-geladas lincane, kepha lizinzile - inani elikhulu labantu abahlala endaweni yabo kungenzeka ukuthi abakwazi ukondla. Ngakho-ke, inani elincane kangaka lezinkawu libhekwa njengokujwayelekile kulezi zinhlobo.
Eminyakeni ezayo, ososayensi bahlela ukusetha kabusha amaqembu amancane ama-gelads ema-zoo naseziqiwini ezifanelekile. Cishe izinkawu eziyinkulungwane nengxenye kuphela ezigcinwa ema-zoo okwamanje. Ngenxa yesimo sabo sokuzola nokungasabi, amaGelads ahlalisana kahle nabantu futhi azala ngempumelelo ekuthunjweni.
UGelada - ummeleli ongavamile womndeni wenkawu. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bazo obukhulu, bayizilwane ezidla imifino ngokuphelele, ezikwazi ukuthola amandla anele ekudleni okunama-kilojoule amancane. Futhi bazolile ngabantu, bavumela izazi zemvelo ukuthi zisondele ngokwanele kubo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 09/02/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 23.08.2019 ngo-17: 11
