UMoskovka

UMoskovka noma i-black tit, i-moss ingenye yezinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke ezihlala endaweni yaseRussia. Isisindo sale nyoni singama-gramu ayi-7-10 kuphela, ubude bomzimba cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-12. Inyoni emnandi, ehamba kancane ehlala emahlathini e-coniferous ezweni lethu kwesinye isikhathi, itholakala emasimini asehlathini nasemapaki. Ayithandi ukuhlala ezindaweni zokuhlala, kepha ingandizela kubaphakeli ifuna ukudla. Ebusika, angahlala emhlambini emapaki nasezikweleni.

Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo

Isithombe: Moskovka

I-Periparus ater Moskovka bird engaphansi kwe-oda Passeriformes, umndeni wakwaTit, uhlobo lwePeriparus, uhlobo lweMoskovka. UMoskovka ungowe-oda lasendulo kakhulu lezinyoni ezidlulayo. Ama-warblers okuqala ahlala eplanethi yethu ngisho nangesikhathi se-Eocene. Esikhathini sethu, ukuhleleka kwabantu abadlulayo kukhulu kakhulu; kufaka izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-5400.

Lezi zinyoni zisabalele emhlabeni wonke. Izinhlobo ze-Periparus ater esifundeni sethu zimelwe ama-subspecies ama-3, amabili awo angaphansi kweqembu le-subspecies "phaeonotus", lezi zinyoni zisatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi eTurkey, Middle East naseCaucasus. Engxenyeni yezwe lakithi i-subspecies R. a isakazeke yonke indawo. amanzi.

Ividiyo: Moskovka

AmaMuscovites yizinyoni ezincane, ezinemibala enesizotha. Abesifazane nabesilisa banombala ofanayo, kwesinye isikhathi umbala wesilisa ungakhanya kancane kunowabesifazane. Ebusweni benyoni kukhona uhlobo "lwesifihla-buso" sombala omnyama ngenxa yalokho izinyoni ezafumana igama lazo. Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngesiliva lomnqumo, phansi kwenyoni kukhanya.

Kunezimpaphe ezinsundu ezinhlangothini nasezintweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Kusukela kulayini wamehlo kuya emphinjeni naphezulu kwesifuba, umbala umhlophe; esifubeni, ezinhlangothini nangaphansi kwamaphiko kunezindawo ezincane ezimnyama. Izimpiko nomsila wale nyoni kunombala onsundu. Umlomo omncane omnyama. Ikhanda liyindilinga, amehlo mancane, iris yamehlo imnyama. Emilenzeni kukhona iminwe emine, ekugcineni kwayo kukhona uzipho. Le nhlobo yachazwa okokuqala ngusosayensi uKarl Linnaeus encwadini yakhe ethi "The System of Nature" ngo-1758.

Ukubukeka nezici

Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umaskovka

IMuscovy icishe ifane nezinsikazi ezijwayelekile, kepha amaMuscovites ahluke kancane kwabanye abameleli balo mndeni. Lezi zidalwa zibhekwa njengezinyoni ezincane kakhulu zomndeni we-tit. Ubukhulu benyoni kusuka obhondweni kuya emsileni bungaba ngu-11 cm, kanti iMuscovy inesisindo esingu-8-12 gram kuphela.

Umlomo uqotho futhi mncane. Ikhanda lincane, liyindilinga. Isici esivelele salezi zinyoni umbala wazo ongajwayelekile. Kugqama “izihlathi” ezimhlophe ebusweni benyoni. Kusukela kuqhwaku kuya ekhanda lonke, umbala umnyama. Umuntu uthola umbono wokuthi "isifihla-buso" sifakwa ebusweni benyoni, yingakho le nyoni yathola igama elinjalo.

Lapho uMuscovy ejabule, uphakamisa izimpaphe ebunzini lakhe ngendlela yesikhumba esincane. Kukhona nendawo emhlophe ngaphezulu kwale nyoni. Umbala oyinhloko ompunga ngombala onsundu. Izimpaphe ekhanda zimnyama ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Emaphikweni eMuscovy, izimpaphe ziyimpunga, kunamaphethini ngendlela yemigqa emhlophe. Umsila uqukethe isihlakala sezimpaphe.

Abesilisa nabesifazane cishe abangahlukeki ngokubukeka. Amajita anombala ofana nowezinyoni ezindala. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama, cishe ikepisi elimnyama elinombala onsundu, ezihlathini ezingemuva kwekhanda, lapho kufanele kube khona amabala amhlophe, umbala uphuzi. Imivimbo esezimpikweni nayo iphuzi.

AmaTrill alezi zinyoni azwakala yonke indawo kusukela maphakathi noMashi kuya kuSepthemba. Ukucula kwamaMuscovites kuthule, izwi liyancinza. Ingoma iqukethe imisho emibili noma emithathu yohlobo: "tuiit", "pii-tii" noma "CCC". Abesifazane nabesilisa bacula ndawonye. I-repertoire yenyoni eyodwa ingaqukatha izingoma ezingafika kuma-70. Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa amabele ukufundisa ukucula nge-canary. Endle, ubulembu buphila cishe iminyaka eyi-8-9.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: AmaMuscovites anenkumbulo enhle kakhulu, angakhumbula izindawo lapho kukhona khona ukudla, abantu abaphakela izinyoni, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile, lezi zinyoni zingathola isidleke sazo nezindawo lapho zifihle khona ukudla.

Manje uyazi ukuthi inyoni yeMuscovy ibukeka kanjani. Ake sibone ukuthi i-tit emnyama itholakala kuphi.

Uhlala kuphi uMuscovy?

Isithombe: Bird Moskovka

AmaMuscovites ahlala emahlathini ase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika. Futhi kutholakala esifundeni sezintaba ze-Atlas, e-Afrika naseTunisia. Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Eurasia, lezi zinyoni zingatholakala eFinland nasenyakatho yeRussia, eSiberia. Lezi zinyoni ngobuningi zihlala ezifundeni zaseKaluga, eTula, eRyazan, zihlala e-Urals nasengxenyeni esenyakatho yeMongolia. Futhi futhi lezi zinyoni zihlala eSyria, Lebanon, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, eCrimea naseTranscaucasia. Kwesinye isikhathi iMoskovok itholakala esiqhingini saseSicily, eBritish Isles, eCyprus, eHonshu, eTaiwan naseziQhingini zaseKuril.

IMuscovy ihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi. Kwesinye isikhathi ihlathi elixubekile nalo lingakhethwa impilo yonke. Uma ihlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba, isidleke emithambekeni enezinkuni lapho kukhula khona amaphayini nama-oki. Ayivamisile ukuhlala endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kepha e-Himalaya, lezi zinyoni zibonakala endaweni ephakeme engamamitha angama-4500. AmaMuscovites awahlali phansi, futhi efuna ukudla angabheka izindawo ezintsha.

Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile eCaucasus naseningizimu yeRussia, izinyoni zihlala phansi. Futhi futhi lezi zinyoni zihlala zihlala ebusika, futhi maphakathi neRussia zihamba emapaki nasezikweleni. IMuscovites isidleke ehlathini. Lezi zinyoni ngokuvamile azikwenzi ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, noma kunjalo, uma kungekho kudla noma ngesikhathi sasebusika esibuhlungu, izinyoni zingenza izindiza ezifudukayo, zifunde izindawo ezintsha.

Imvamisa izindawo ezijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha izidleke, ezimweni ezingavamile zakha izidleke ezindaweni ezintsha. Isidleke sakhiwe emgodini ongenalutho noma omunye umgodi wemvelo. Kwesinye isikhathi zingakwazi ukuhlala emgodini olahliwe wamagundane amancane. Ngenxa yobuningi bezitha zasendle, kanye nokwehluleka kwezindiza zesikhathi eside, amaMuscovites azama ukuhlala eduze kwezihlahla nezihlahlana.

Udla ini uMuscovy?

Isithombe: Moskovka eRussia

I-Moskovka ekudleni ayithobeki kakhulu. Ukudla kwenyoni kuncike endaweni lapho inyoni ihlala khona nesikhathi sonyaka. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izinyoni zidla izinambuzane eziningi futhi zitshale ukudla; ​​kusukela maphakathi nehlobo, izinyoni zishintshela ekutshaleni ukudla. Esikhathini sasebusika, amaMuscovites aneliseka yimbewu, amajikijolo e-rowan nokuthi yini inyoni egcine ehlobo ebusika.

Ukudla okuyinhloko kweMuscovy kufaka phakathi:

• IZhukov;
• amacimbi;
• izintwala;
• umbungu wesilika;
• izimpukane nomiyane;
• izintethe, amakhilikithi;
• ama-arthropods;
• imbewu ye-coniferous;
• amajikijolo e-rowan, umjunipha;
• imbewu ye-beech, i-sequoia, i-sycamore nezinye izitshalo.

Le nyoni iyathanda nokudla izithelo ezinamanzi zezithelo ezivuthiwe, amantongomane. AmaMuscovites aphambili ekukhuphukeni kwamagatsha ezihlahla ukuze athole ukudla kwawo.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: AmaMuscovites ayonga kakhulu, futhi endle, lezi zinyoni zisebenza kanzima ehlobo zenzela izinto zasebusika. Le nyoni yenza uhlobo lwe "pantry" ngaphansi kwegxolo lezihlahla, lapho lifihla khona izinqolobane zalo, lizivikele eqhweni. Imvamisa lezi zinqolobane zanele inyoni ebusika bonke.

Izinyoni ezihlala eduze kwendawo yokuhlala yomuntu zindizela kuma-feeder bese zikhipha imvuthu yesinkwa, amantongomane, imbewu. Yize lezi zinyoni zibesaba abantu, zijwayela ngokushesha lezo ezizondlayo, khumbula indawo lapho i-feeder ikhona futhi zifike futhi.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Moskovka, uyisihloko esimnyama

AmaMuscovites, njengamabele amaningi, ahamba kakhulu. Zihamba njalo phakathi kwezihlahla, zikhasa emagatsheni zifuna ukudla. Bahola impilo yokuhlala phansi, abathandi ukufuduka futhi bashiye izindawo zabo ezijwayelekile kuphela uma kunesidingo sokudla, noma isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Ngokuthola izidleke, izinyoni zithanda ukubuyela ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile.

AmaMuscovites ahlala emihlambini emincane yabantu abayi-50-60, kepha eSiberia nezimo zaseNyakatho, imihlambi yaphawulwa lapho kwakukhona khona abantu abayinkulungwane. Imihlambi ivame ukuxubana; AmaMuscovites ahlalisana kahle nama-warblers, ama-titmice afuthwe, amabhungane nama-pikas. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, izinyoni zihlukana ngazimbili bese zakha izidleke, kugcwele insimu enkulu.

AbamaTits bangamadoda omndeni amahle kakhulu, bakha ngababili cishe impilo yonke, banakekele inzalo isikhathi eside. Imvelo yezinyoni izolile, izinyoni zihlala ngokuthula ngaphakathi komhlambi, imvamisa azikho izingxabano. Izinyoni zasendle ziyabesaba abantu, futhi zama ukungasondeli kubantu, noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi sasebusika, isimo sezulu esibi siphoqa izinyoni ukuba ziye emadolobheni amakhulu nasemadolobheni.

Izinyoni zijwayela abantu ngokushesha. Uma iMuscovy igcinwe ekuthunjweni, le nyoni isheshe ijwayele abantu. Ngemuva kwesonto, le nyoni ingaqala ukukhipha imbewu ezandleni zomnikazi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nyoni ingathamba ngokuphelele. Amabele athembekile kakhulu, ajwayela abantu kalula.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Tit Muscovy

Isikhathi sokukhwelana samaMuscovites siqala ekupheleni kukaMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa baqala ukuheha abesifazane ngokucula okukhulu, okuzwakala yonke indawo. Futhi bazisa nabanye abesilisa mayelana nokuthi indawo yabo ikuphi, bemaka imingcele yayo. Ngaphezu kokucula, abesilisa bakhombisa ukulungela kwabo ukwakha umndeni ngokuntanta kamnandi emoyeni.

Ngesikhathi somdanso wokukhwelana, owesilisa uphephetha umsila nezimpiko, ngenkathi eqhubeka nokucula kakhulu. Ukukhethwa kwendawo yesidleke kuyindaba yowesilisa, kepha owesifazane ukuhlomisa indawo yokuhlala. Insikazi yenza isidleke ngaphakathi komgodi omncane, emgodini wamadwala noma emgodini olahliwe wegundane. Ubulembu obuthambile, izimpaphe, nezinsalela zoboya bezilwane kusetshenziselwa ukwakha isidleke.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Izinsikazi zivikela amaphuphu azo kakhulu, ngesikhathi sokufukamela amaqanda, insikazi ayishiyi isidleke cishe amasonto amabili.

Ehlobo elilodwa, amaMuscovites akwazi ukuphatha imvuthu emibili. I-clutch yokuqala inamaqanda ayi-5-12 futhi yakhiwa maphakathi no-Ephreli. I-clutch yesibili yakhiwa ngoJuni futhi iqukethe amaqanda ayi-6-8. Amaqanda amaMuscovites amhlophe ngamachashazi ansundu. Ukufukamela kwamaqanda kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili. Ngasikhathi sinye, insikazi ifukamela amaqanda cishe ingasukumi ku-clutch, kanti owesilisa uvikela umndeni futhi atholele owesifazane ukudla.

Amachwane amancane azalwa embozwe ngothambile, ongwevu phansi. Eyeduna iletha ukudla ematshweleni, futhi umama uyawafudumeza futhi awondle ezinye izinsuku ezi-4, kuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aqale ukutholela amawundlu ukudla kanye neduna, ashiye amaphuphu esidlekeni. Amachwane aqala ukundiza asuke esidlekeni eneminyaka engu-22 ubudala, ngenkathi zifunda, lezi zingane zingandiza, zichithe ubusuku obunye esidlekeni; kamuva, amaphuphu amancane andiza asuke esidlekeni, adukele emihlambini nezinye izinyoni.

Izitha zemvelo zamaMuscovites

Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umaskovka

Lezi zinyoni ezincane zinezitha eziningi zemvelo.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• izinyoni ezidla inyama njengokhozi, ikhayithi, uklebe, ukhozi, izikhova nezikhova;
• amakati;
• ama-martens;
• izimpungushe nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye.

Izilwane ezizingelayo zizingela bobabili abadala futhi zibhubhisa izidleke, zidla amaqanda namachwane, ngakho-ke lezi zinyoni ezincane zizama ukunamathela ndawonye emihlambini. I-Fledglings, eqala nje ukufundela ukundiza njengoba isengozini enkulu, ivame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezizizingelayo. AmaMuscovites awathandi ukuvela ezindaweni ezivulekile, ancamela ukucasha ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni ezihlabayo. Bazizwa bephephile lapho.

Izidleke zezinyoni zizokonakaliswa amagundane, ama-hedgehogs, ama-martens, izimpungushe namakati, ngakho-ke izinyoni zizama ukwakha izidleke ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kulezi zidliwayo. Zikhetha imigodi, imifantu eneminyango emincane ukuze izilwane ezizingelayo zingagibeli kuyo.

AmaMuscovites iningi lawo awafi ngenxa yezidladla zezilwane, kodwa ngenxa yezimo ezinzima zemvelo. Izinyoni aziwubekezeleli umthombo obandayo; ebusika, izinyoni zasendle zivame ukubulawa yindlala zingazitholele ukudla, ikakhulukazi ebusika beqhwa, lapho impahla yazo imbozwe yiqhwa. Ukuze ziphile ebusika, izinyoni ziya emadolobheni ngemihlambi emincane. Abantu bangasindisa eziningi zalezi zinyoni ezinhle ngokumane ngokulengisa okuphakelayo esihlahleni bese beletha imvuthu yezinhlamvu nezinkwa.

Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo

Isithombe: Moskovka

Namuhla iperiparus ater inezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingakhathazeki kangako. Inani lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni yilona eliningi kakhulu.Izinyoni zihlala emahlathini ase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika. Kunzima ngokwedlulele ukulandelela ubukhulu bezinyoni zalezi zinyoni, njengoba izinyoni zihlala emhlambini oxubile futhi zikwazi ukundiza, zikwazi ukuqonda izindawo ezintsha. Njengoba amaMuscovites ethanda ukuhlala ngesihlahla sonwele nangamahlathi ahlanganisiwe ezifundeni eziningi zezwe lethu, inani lalezi zinhlobo liyancipha ngenxa yokuqedwa kwamahlathi.

Isibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow, inani lalezi zinyoni lehle kakhulu. UMoskovka ubhalwe kuRed Book of Moscow kanti izinhlobo zinikezwa isigaba 2, uhlobo olungajwayelekile endaweni yaseMoscow enenombolo enciphayo. Cishe kungama-10-12 kuphela isidleke eMoscow. Mhlawumbe izinyoni azimthandi nje umsindo wedolobha elikhulu, futhi zikhetha izindawo ezinokuthula impilo yazo yonke.

Mayelana nokwehla kwenani lalezi zinyoni eMoscow nesifunda, kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela izinyoni:

• izindawo ezidumile zokwakha izinyoni zisezindaweni ezivikelwe ngokukhethekile;
• Amapaki nezindawo eziluhlaza kuyakhiwa endaweni yedolobha elikhulu;
• ama-ornithologists aqapha inani lalezi zinyoni eMoscow futhi adale izimo ezikahle zokuphila kwazo.

Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ziningi ezweni lonke, izinyoni zizizwa kahle emvelweni futhi zikhiqiza ngokushesha, izinhlobo azidingi ukuvikelwa okukhethekile.

UMoskovka inyoni ewusizo kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zingukuhleleka kwangempela kwehlathi, elibhubhisa amabhungane nezinambuzane ezilimaza izitshalo futhi ezithwala izifo ezahlukahlukene. Izinyoni ziphatha abantu kahle, kuthi ebusika zikwazi ukundiza ziye emadolobheni ziyofuna ukudla. Kusemandleni ethu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinyoni zihlala ngokunethezeka eduze kwethu. Zidinga nje ukondliwa ngesikhathi lapho endaweni yazo yemvelo izinyoni zingenakho ukudla.

Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/18/2019

Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 18.08.2019 ngo-17: 51