ULwandle Olumnyama i-mullet ebomvu - isibiliboco esiyintandokazi sabavakashi abachitha amaholide abo ezindaweni zokungcebeleka zoLwandle Olumnyama kanye ne-Azov, ngokusho kwesigaba sanamuhla, kungokomndeni wezimbuzi. Ngokwezwi nezwi elihunyushwe lisuselwa olimini lwesiNtaliyane, igama lohlobo lwale nhlanzi lihunyushwa ngokuthi "intshebe". Leli gama livunyelwe ngokukhethekile kokubonakala kwenhlanzi - isici sayo, lapho i-mullet ebomvu ingenakudidaniswa nanoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi, ukuba khona kwamadevu amabili amade. ETurkey, le nhlanzi imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi yi-sultanka, ngoba ngokwesiko yayinikezwa inkantolo yababusi njengesibiliboco abasithandayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-mullet ebomvu
Ngaphandle kwamadevu amabili amade, isici sesici salesi silwane umbala waso othile. Isisu se-mullet esibomvu sinemibala ekhanyayo ephuzi, kepha izikali ezimboze izinhlangothi nangemuva zinombala obomvana. Esinye isici sesici salolu hlobo ukutholwa kombala obomvu ogqamile kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngemuva nje kokubanjwa. I-Blanching yenzeka kuphela ngemuva kwamahora angu-4-5, ngakho-ke le nhlanzi iyabhema, njengoba besho, "khona lapho" ukuze kugcinwe "isethulo" sayo. I-mullet ebomvu, enombala ophaphathekile, obekelwe ukudayiswa, ithathwa njengengakufanele ukusetshenziswa (ngoba iphekiwe).
Ividiyo: I-mullet ebomvu
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abanye abathanda ukubhukuda (hhayi ukudoba umkhonto) bachitha isikhathi esiningi bezama ukuheha izinhlanzi. Bangabona le nhlanzi ngemidwebo yentshebe ngezansi - umbala wokuqala uyinikeza ukufihla okuhle. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanzi ayihluki ngokwesaba okuthile, ngakho-ke, noma itholakala, ayibhukudi ishiye abatshuzi be-scuba. Abaningi babo bayakwazi ukuheha i-sultanka ngokumnikeza ukwelashwa ngendlela yezicucu. Akasoze akhathazeka ngesibiliboco esingaka!
Kepha hhayi kuphela izazi zasolwandle ezinentshisekelo ku-mullet ebomvu - le nhlanzi ihlonishwa nangezimfanelo zayo zokudla, inokunambitheka okumangazayo. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi luyathandwa ngenxa yokunambitheka kwalo okuhle kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-mullet ebomvu ibhekwa njengomkhiqizo owusizo kakhulu. Inyama yayo iqukethe cishe ama-gramu angama-20 wamaprotheni - ngokwama-gramu ayi-100 wesisindo. Kepha okuqukethwe okunamafutha enempilo kuwo kuncane (okusho ukuthi ama-polyunsaturated fatty acids). Ngama-100 g womkhiqizo - angadluli ku-4 g wamafutha. Imininingwane ebalulekile kulabo abafuna ukunciphisa isisindo: i-mullet ebomvu ihlukaniswa nokuqukethwe kwayo okuncane kwekhalori, ngakho-ke labo abafuna ukususa isisindo esiningi, kunengqondo ukunaka ubumnandi bezilwandle.
I-mullet ebomvu iyindlela engcono kunazo zonke njengoba inhlanzi yokuqala efakiwe ekudleni kwezingane - inganikezwa ngokuphepha ezinyangeni eziyi-9-10. Kunemininingwane yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwale nhlanzi kunomthelela omuhle esikhunjeni sezingane. Kunconywa futhi ukuthi usebenzise i-mullet ebomvu yabasubathi nabantu abaphethwe yisifo senhliziyo - ikuvumela ukuthi ubuyise amandla ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzikhandla okukhulu komzimba. Kepha kulabo abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba, le nhlanzi idangele kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-mullet ebomvu
Ubude be-mullet obomvu obudala buyahlukahluka kububanzi obusuka kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30. Abanye, ikakhulukazi abadobi abaphumelelayo, baba nenhlanhla yokudoba izibonelo ze-mullet ebomvu, ubude bayo obufinyelela ku-45 cm! Kepha lawa bekungamacala we-episodic, muva nje impumelelo enjalo iqoshwe kancane kancane, yize ama-amateur anglers eyazisa kakhulu le nhlanzi.
Umzimba we-mullet obomvu umise okwe-oblong futhi uthambile, ucindezelwe kusuka ezinhlangothini. Umphetho we-caudal mude, kepha i-anal ne-dorsal, kunalokho, mfushane kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezibomvu ze-mullet (ezabesifazane nabesilisa) zinekhanda elikhulu ngokwanele ngamehlo aphakeme kakhulu. Umlomo uhleli ngamazinyo amaningi amancane anebhulethi, umlomo utholakala ezansi kwekhanda, elehle ngamandla, licishe liqonde mpo. Abadobi abaningi bakhomba imbumbulu ebomvu ngisho nangaphambi kokuba bayidobele osebeni - ngokuba khona kwamadevu amabili amade (lezi zitho ziyilungu elibaluleke kakhulu lokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ngoba inhlanzi izisebenzisela ukuvusa isihlabathi noma udaka).
Naphezu kwawo wonke amanani ayo we-gastronomic, i-mullet ebomvu ayinayo intshisekelo ethile kubadobi ngenxa yobuncane bayo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi zihlala (ikakhulukazi) into ebalulekile yokudoba amateur kanye nesibiliboco sabavakashi. I-mullet ebomvu ayithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe futhi cishe ayithunyelwa nakwezinye izifunda, ngakho-ke izivakashi kuphela ezifike ezindaweni zokungcebeleka zoLwandle Olumnyama ne-Azov ezingadla ngazo. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu ngeke ahluleke ukuqaphela izinzuzo ze-mullet ebomvu - kuchazwa ngezinto eziwusizo eziqukethwe kuyo ngobuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bayincoma kakhulu le nhlanzi ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwamavithamini A, B no-E.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama ebomvu ye-mullet iqukethe i-pantothenic acid namaminerali. Kufakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi i-mullet ebomvu yoLwandle Olumnyama ingumthombo obalulekile wezinto ezincane nezikhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abantu abane-osteoporosis bayelulekwa ukuba badle amathambo e-mullet abomvu asomisiwe futhi aphansi (aqukethe i-calcium kakhulu).
Ihlala kuphi i-mullet ebomvu?
Isithombe: I-mullet ebomvu yoLwandle Olumnyama
Lezi zinhlobo zihlala olwandle olungaphansi kwamachibi ase-Atlantic, Pacific nase-Indian Ocean. ERussia, isakazeke kakhulu olwandle olumnyama nolwe-Azov. AbaseTurkey ngenkuthalo badoba i-mullet ebomvu oLwandle iMedithera. Izikole zezinhlanzi zikhetha ukujula okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-30. Imvamisa bakhetha izindawo ezinodaka noma ezinesihlabathi ezansi - kukhona ama-mullet abomvu okulula ukuthola ukudla lapho. Kwezinye izimo (kuyaqabukela kakhulu), izinhlanzi zingatholakala nasematsheni.
Kodwa-ke, umbuzo wokusabalala kwale nhlanzi udinga ukucaciswa. Into yokuthi i-mullet ebomvu eyaziwayo akuyona inhlobo eyodwa, kepha uhlobo lonke lwezinhlanzi zomndeni obomvu we-mullet, owaziwa kakhulu nangokuthi yi-sultanki. Ngokulandelanayo, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-4 ezihluka kancane kokungaphandle (okubizwa ngezici ze-morphometric).
Kepha ububanzi bezinhlobo buhluka kakhulu:
- i-mullet ebomvu noma i-sultanka ejwayelekile (ngesiLatini - iMullus barbatus). Nguye osebenza njengesibiliboco esiyintandokazi sabavakashi. Kusatshalaliswe (ikakhulukazi) oLwandle i-Azov, Black kanye neMedithera, kanye nasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean;
- Sultanka waseMedithera, ubuye abe nomugqa omthende obomvu (ngesiLatini - Mullus surmuletus). Kutholakale (kaningi) olwandle iMedithera, iBlack neBaltic, kanye naseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic;
- i-mullet ebomvu yegolide (Mullus auratus). Kutholakala kuphela eNtshonalanga ye-Atlantic;
- I-Mullus argentinae (i-Argentina, i-mullet ebomvu yaseNingizimu Melika). Izinhlanzi zingabanjwa ogwini lwaseBrazil, e-Uruguay nase-Argentina;
- Abadobi bezimfundamakhwela baqinisekisa ukuthi ezimweni eziningi kakhulu bahlangana futhi badobe i-sultanka ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha ayi-15-30, kepha kube nezimo enkumbulweni yabo lapho izikole ze-mullet ebomvu zitholwa nge-echo sounder amamitha angama-300 ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi.
Imvamisa, izinhlanzi ziya ekujuleni okuphawuleka kangaka lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo. Uncamela ukuchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi ezansi. Lokhu kuchazwa ngesidingo sokusesha ukudla - ukudla kwayo ikakhulu kusendlalelo esingezansi, ngakho-ke i-mullet ebomvu ayivamile ukukhuphuka kusuka ezansi ekhethwe yiyo. Lapha kulula ngaye ukuthi bobabili bathole ukudla nokufihla ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye - lokhu kwenziwa ukwakheka komzimba nombala. Engabonakali ezansi nesihlabathi, iba isisulu esilula kukholamu lamanzi naphezulu.
Manje uyazi lapho kutholakala khona izinhlanzi ezibomvu ze-mullet. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idla ngani i-mullet ebomvu?
Isithombe: I-mullet ebomvu oLwandle Olumnyama
Ukudla kwabantu abadala okubomvu okubomvu kuma-invertebrate amancane - njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, zonke lezi zinto eziphilayo zihlala ezansi. Kancane kakhulu (cishe angalokothi) i-mullet ebomvu idle amaqanda noma gazinga lezinye izinhlanzi. Ngisho noma i-mullet endala ebomvu ithola i-clutch yomunye umuntu (makube yi-caviar yesilwane esidala, abantu bayo abadala abathanda ukuzitika nge-sultanka nefry yayo), inhlanzi ngeke iyithinte noma kunjalo.
Kungani lokhu kungaziwa, ngoba ama-caviar nabantu abasha be-mullet ebomvu ngokwabo kaningi futhi baba yisisulu sempilo yasolwandle eyingozi. Kepha i-mullet ebomvu namanje ayiyeki "ukudlala ebukhosini", yanelisa isifiso sayo ngezinhlobo eziphansi zokuphila. Ngokuphathelene nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zemenyu, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, i-mullet ebomvu iqala ukondla ama-amphipods, ama-mollusks, izikelemu zasolwandle nezinkalankala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mullet ebomvu ibuye ihloniphe isibungu esivamile esibomvu (isicupho esiyintandokazi sabadobi be-amateur), sikhombisa ukuluma okuhle.
I-mullet ebomvu ayinayo inkinga ngokukhishwa kokudla - izimpondo zayo zikulungele ukuzamazama komhlaba nokuthola ukudla. Ubunzima obukhulu ekufuneni ukudla buba yisifihla ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye nokuhlonzwa kwezithibelo zokudoba. Futhi uma i-mullet ebomvu inokuncane noma okuncane kuneyokuqala, kusobala ukuthi ayinabo ubuqili be-chub nezinye izinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti, eziwela ngokuhlelekile ku-hook.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ezibomvu ze-mullet
Le nhlanzi ichitha ubusika ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha angama-60 - 90. Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, i-mullet ebomvu iyafuduka izicathulo. Izikhombisi-ndlela zokufuduka (kaningi) zimi kanje - ezifundeni ezisogwini eCaucasus naseCrimea lapho kubhekwa khona iKerch. Ngemuva kokuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi olwandle lifike ku-14-16 °, izinhlanzi ziqala ukubhukuda ziye ogwini ngobuningi - isikhukhula esinamandla kangaka sichazwa ngesifiso se-mullet ebomvu sokubuyela endaweni esihlala kuyo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, esisogwini kuphela.
ICaviar iqhamuka ezansi - kunengqondo, ngoba kulapho kuyindawo eyithandayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, kune-1.5-2 million gazinga nge-mullet ngayinye yabesifazane ebomvu. Amafry mullet abomvu adla i-zooplankton, futhi ukuze bazinike ukuzethemba ngokwengeziwe babhukuda kuphela emihlambini emincane, hhayi ngabodwa. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, izinhlanzi ezibomvu ze-mullet zinokubonakala okuhle, zikulungela ukukhiqizwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-1-2.
Isikhathi esilinganiselwe se-mullet ebomvu asidluli eminyakeni eyi-12, yize bembalwa kuphela abasinda kuleyo minyaka ehlonishwayo. Le nhlanzi inezitha eziningi kakhulu, futhi ubukhulu besibalo sabantu bunikezwa ngokuzala kukodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuwohloka kwesimo semvelo kukude nomphumela omuhle kakhulu ebangeni le-mullet ebomvu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-mullet ebomvu yasolwandle
Umbala omnyama obomvu omnyama ungenye yezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezizala kakhulu. Inqubo yokuzala kwabo ingabonakala ngale ndlela elandelayo. Abantu bathola ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ngeminyaka engu-2 futhi baqale ukuzala ngokushesha. Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha ishumi leminyaka lesibili noma lesithathu likaMashi kuya kuJuni. Imvamisa, i-sultan ikhetha izindawo ezinesihlabathi ezansi, ezisekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha ayi-10-40, ngokuzalisa nokubeka amaqanda.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, insikazi ingazala kalula amaqanda angaphezu kwezi-10 000. Abesilisa bayatatazela ukuphatha wonke amaqanda agciniwe ngesidoda ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kwale nqubo, i-caviar inyukela phezulu emanzini. Izibungu ziqala ukuchamuselwa ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokukhulelwa.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2-2.5, ubude bomzimba obomvu we-mullet obumaphakathi bumaphakathi ngama-4-5 cm.Ifry ivame ukubhukuda isondele ogwini ukuze izitholele ukudla ngezansi. Umbala wazo uyefana nowabantu abadala. Kuzodlula ezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi izinhlanzi ezincane esezizelwe sezizovele zingacaci kubantu abadala (ngezimpawu ze-morphometric). Bambalwa kuphela abayosinda kuze kube manje - futhi bambalwa kakhulu abazokwazi ukubekezelela ubusika nhlobo.
Le nhlanzi inezitha eziningi nokuvikelwa okubuthakathaka ezilwaneni eziningi ezidla inyama, ezibheka inyama ebabazekayo njenge-mullet ebomvu. Kwenzeka lokhu nje ukuthi lezo zimpondo ezimbili ezinde, izinhlanzi ezithukulula ngazo isihlabathi zifuna ukudla, ziwuphawu olwembula ukufihla - izinhlanzi ezidlayo zazi kahle ukuthi "isidlo sasemini" sazo sinezimpondo ezinjalo.
Izitha zemvelo ze-mullet ebomvu
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-mullet ebomvu
Ukuqothulwa okukhulu kwale nhlanzi yizitha zemvelo (ngisho nabantu) kungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla kancane kancane kwabantu bayo. Izinkinga (futhi eziyinhloko) ziqala kusukela eminyakeni emincane kakhulu. ICaviar nencane, esanda kuzalwa futhi engaguquguquki kahle ebunzimeni beqiniso lobubomvu olunamabele abomvu kuyisibiliboco esihle sabakhileyo bolwandle / olwandle. Kepha yini okukhona - kulokhu kudla okujwayelekileyo kuhlala kukhona "umugqa ophelele" walabo abafisayo. Ngisho nezinhlanzi ezidla imifino azikudli ukudla i-red mullet caviar.
Kepha abantu abadala be-mullet ebomvu banesithakazelo, ikakhulukazi, ngezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye ezinobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo kanye nobuncane. Ngokubheka imininingwane yendlela yokuphila ye-mullet ebomvu (ihlala ifuna ngentshiseko ukudla emini, icwenga isihlabathi ngezimpondo eziyinikezayo), le nhlanzi izingelwa kuphela izidalwa zasolwandle zasemini.
Okusho ukuthi, izitha zalo eziyinhloko iqhude lasolwandle, i-katran, i-horse mackerel, i-ruff ne-flounder. Ngokwehlukana, kuyadingeka ukugxila kokugcina - njengesakhamuzi esiphansi, yi-flounder ebhubhisa inqwaba yamaqanda abomvu e-mullet kanye nezingane zawo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kulula kakhulu kuye ukuthola inhlanzi efanayo engezansi njengaye - ikakhulukazi uma inyamazane "izikhaphela obala" ngokuziphatha kwayo kokunganaki.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ama-mullets abomvu
Inani le-mullet ebomvu oLwandle oluMnyama, i-Azov kanye neMedithera belincipha ngokuhlelekile kule minyaka edlule - yize ukudoba le nhlanzi kuncane kakhulu (ngenxa yokwehla kwayo kwezomnotho, ngenxa yobukhulu bezinhlanzi kanye nobunzima bokuzidoba ngezindlela zokudoba).
Ososayensi-ichthyologists bachaza ukwehla kwabantu kanye nohla lwe-mullet ebomvu ngezinto ezilandelayo:
- ukwanda okukhulu kwenani lezilwane ezidla ezinye, okuyi-mullet ebomvu (futhi ikakhulukazi amaqanda ayo kanye nefry) okuyisibiliboco osithandayo. Ososayensi bayasibona isizathu salesi sici ekuphazanyisweni kwemvelo yasolwandle;
- ukwephulwa kwemvelo, okubangelwa ukukhishwa kwezimboni, ukugxila okuphezulu okuwela ngqo ezindaweni ezisogwini - indawo eyintandokazi ye-mullet ebomvu;
- ukuzingelwa ngobomvu kwe-mullet ebomvu. Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukudotshwa kwe-mullet ebomvu kungathuthukisiwe ikakhulukazi, abadobi abaningi, abafisa ukujabulisa izivakashi ngezibiliboco ezinjalo, basebenzisa izindlela zokudoba ezingekho emthethweni. Ungahlangana kaningi nokudoba okubomvu kwe-mullet ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ukuze kubuyiselwe inani labantu kulokhu kudla okumnandi okwenziwe ngamakhekhe, ososayensi bahlongoza ukuthi kube nonyaka ukuvimbela ukudoba ngokuphelele. Kepha kuze kube manje lezi zinyathelo azikathathwa - uhlobo alukho kwiRed Book (kunoma yisiphi isifundazwe), ngakho-ke iziphathimandla zikholelwa ukuthi kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi ungakhala i-alamu, futhi akunanzuzo kakhulu ukwenqabela izivakashi injabulo yokudla inhlanzi enjalo. Isibonelo, e-Italy kunochungechunge oluphelele lwezindawo zokudlela - iPorto Maltese, esizenzele igama ezitsheni ezibomvu ze-mullet, izivakashi eziningi zezindawo zokubhuka ezimangalisayo e-Italy zivakashela lezi zikhungo kuqala.
I-mullet ebomvu - uhlobo oluyigugu lwezinhlanzi ngamagama we-gastronomic. Ngaphezu kokuthi inokunambitheka okumangazayo, iqukethe izakhi zomzimba eziningi, amavithamini, izinto ezincane nezincane. Njengoba ihlala ikakhulukazi ngasogwini lolwandle, izinhlanzi ziyinto yokudoba amateur. Abadobi abayizimfundamakhwela abahambisa i-mullet ebomvu ezindaweni zokubhemela nasezitolo zezinhlanzi, lapho izivakashi zamadolobha asogwini zingakujabulela khona lokhu kudla okumnandi. Ngenxa yokuthi ezimweni zemvelo, izakhamizi eziningi zasolwandle (olwandle) aziphikisi ukubona i-mullet ebomvu kwimenyu yabo, inani lezinhlanzi lincipha kancane kancane - amandla alo okuzivumelanisa nawo awakuvumeli ukuthi ikwazi ukubhekana nentshisekelo enjalo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/17/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 08/17/2019 ngo-0: 29
