Isidlakela esinezimpaphe esihle kangaka i-steppe harrier, ubukeka eziqhenya futhi emuhle, kuzo zonke izici zezinyoni nokubonakaliswa, imvelo yakhe ye-hawkish iyabonakala ngokushesha. Sizofunda indlela yokuphila, izici zokuziphatha, umlingiswa, imininingwane yangaphandle, okuthandwa ukudla nezindawo zokuthunyelwa unomphela kwale nyoni enhle nejabulisayo, ngeshwa, eye yaba ncane kakhulu ngesibalo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Steppe Harrier
I-steppe harrier yisidalwa esinamaphiko esidabuka emndenini we-hawk, ukuhleleka kokufana ne-hawk kanye nohlobo lwezithiyo. Ngokuvamile, ohlotsheni lwezithiyo, kunezinyoni eziyi-16 ezihlala okwamanje, kanti ezinye zezinhlobo zazo seziphelile.
Mhlawumbe, abaningi bajwayelene nomusho onjalo wokubamba "onezinwele ezimpunga njenge-harrier", ichaza indoda enezinwele ezimhlophe kusuka kwimpunga. Le nkulumo ihlotshaniswa nenyanga, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni zibonakala ngombala ompunga onombala onombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi uma ukude i-harrier endizayo ibukeka imhlophe ngokuphelele.
Ividiyo: ISteppe Harrier
Ukuqhathanisa okunjalo kwakulungiselelwe inyanga, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yombala wezimpaphe zayo, kodwa futhi ngenxa yezici ezithile zangaphandle. Uqhwaku olugobile olumise okwegwegwe lomzingeli, umqhele wophaphe onqamula ezihlathini nasesilevini ufana nendoda endala ehlakaniphile enentshebe futhi ifuthwe izinwele ezimpunga. Kukhona enye inguqulo yokuhunyushwa kwale nkulumo, ihlotshaniswa noshintsho kububanzi bombala besilisa, ngokuya ngeminyaka yabo. Ukukhula, ezimpapheni zezinyoni, amathoni ansundu athathelwa indawo yimibala ekhanyayo empunga.
Ngokwezilinganiso, i-steppe harrier inesikhundla esimaphakathi emndenini wayo we-hawk. Abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane. Ubude bomzimba womuntu wesilisa buqala ku-44 kuye ku-48 cm, nowesifazane - kusuka ku-48 kuye ku-53. Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kobulili ngombala, esizobuchaza ngezansi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-steppe harrier
Kulula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa i-steppe harrier yowesilisa kowesilisa uma wazi yonke imisindo ehambisana nombala wezinyoni. Indoda evuthiwe inombala okhanyayo okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti ingxenye engezansi icishe ibe mhlophe. I-steppe harrier inamathoni wezimpaphe ezilula ukwedlula umzala wayo wasensimini. Phezulu kwamaphiko ale nyoni, indawo ebonakalayo emise okwekhanda iyabonakala ngokushesha, engazibambi izimpaphe zokundiza. Isisu esikhanyayo sinombala omhlophe ofanayo nekhanda, i-goiter, nentamo.
Umbala wowesifazane unombala o-brownish variegated, izimpiko nomsila kufakwe imivimbo, futhi indawo emincane yomthunzi omhlophe osesimweni se-crescent ivelele endaweni engenhla yomsila. Umsila unezine ukusuka phezulu, futhi kusukela ezansi - imivimbo emithathu ebanzi etholakala ngaphesheya. Kuyo yonke le mivimbo, munye kuphela obonakala ngokusobala - ophezulu. Iso lowesifazane linqunywe ubakaki omnyama, phezu kwawo kukhona nomngcele okhanyayo. Uma ukude, i-female steppe harrier ifana kakhulu ne-meadow harrier yowesifazane; umuntu ovamile akakwazi ukuhlukanisa.
Izinyoni ezisencane zinombala obomvu ocher, ithoni yayo ilula uma iqhathaniswa nezingqinamba ezisencane zedlelo. Ingxenye engaphambili yekhanda le-steppe harrier ihlelwe ngukhola othize okhanyayo. Ngezansi kwamaphiko kufakwe imivimbo. Imilenze yabantu abasha, njengaleyo yezinyoni ezivuthiwe, iphuzi. Amehlo ezinsizwa anombala omnyama, futhi ngeminyaka aphenduka aphuzi noma ansundu ngokukhanyayo.
Njengawo wonke amanye ama-hawk, i-steppe harrier inomlomo omnyama omise okwegwegwe. Izidladla ezinamaphiko zinamandla impela futhi zigqokiswe ibhulukwe lezimpaphe kusukela phezulu kuye emadolweni. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-hawks, omzimba wawo ominyene futhi uqinile, i-steppe harrier inesibalo esincane kakhulu. Isici sayo esihlukile ukuba khona kwamaphiko amancane. Lapho i-steppe harrier indizela phezulu, icishe ikhumbuze i-seagull. Kulezi zinyoni, ukundiza kuhlale kunamandla futhi kungagijimisi, ukushaywa kwamaphiko kuvame kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokundiza endiza, i-engeli ephakathi kwamaphiko enyoni ephakanyisiwe ingahluka kusuka kuma-degree angama-90 kuye kwayi-100.
Ihlala kuphi i-steppe harrier?
Isithombe: I-bird steppe harrier
Kuyadabukisa ukuthi kuyezwakala, kepha umhlaseli namuhla ungowezinhlobo zezinyoni ezisengozini yokuqothuka, eseziya ngokwanda.
I-harpe ye-steppe iyathanda:
- ama-steppes aseningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, futhi entshonalanga yeYurophu uhla lwawo lufinyelela eDobrudzha naseBelarus;
- izikhala zase-Asia, zihlala phansi endaweni yaseDzungaria nase-Altai Territory;
- eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeTransbaikalia;
- indawo esenyakatho yezwe lethu, lapho indawo yokuhlala ihlala eMoscow, eTula naseRyazan, kanye naseKazan naseKirov;
- ISiberia, i-Arkhangelsk, i-Krasnoyarsk, i-Omsk neTyumen izifunda (zenzeka ehlobo);
- izindawo eziseningizimu yeCrimea nezaseCaucasus, iTurkestan ne-Iran.
Kuseningizimu lapho inani lezinyoni liningi kakhulu. Kodwa eJalimane, eSweden, emazweni aseBaltic nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMongolia, kunezimbambo ezimbalwa kakhulu, kepha zisatholakala. Kuyaqabukela kakhulu, kepha i-steppe harrier ibonakele eBrithani. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-harrier iyinyoni efudukayo ehambela ezindaweni ezintsha ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla noma izimo zezulu ezingathandeki. Kukhona nezinyoni ezihlala phansi, ikakhulukazi ezihlala emathafeni aseCrimea naseCaucasus.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuchitha ubusika, i-steppe harrier iya eBurma, eNdiya, eMesopotamiya nase-Iran. Isidlakela sindizela ezwenikazi i-Afrika nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeCaucasus.
Ngegama lale nyoni, kusobala ukuthi lesi sithintelo siyawathanda ama-steppes, amathafa avulekile, izindawo ezingenamanzi, futhi sizinze emaxhaphozini. Okungajwayelekile, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ezindaweni zehlathi elincane. Umzingeli udinga umbono owanele ukusuka ekuphakameni ukuze azingele ngempumelelo, abheke phansi isisulu sayo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-steppe harrier bird ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi ubani ozingelayo.
Idlaleni i-steppe harrier?
Isithombe: Steppe Harrier ovela eRed Book
I-steppe harrier iyisidlakela esinamaphiko, ngakho-ke ukudla kwayo kuqukethe ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni. Ngokuyinhloko, imenyu enamaphiko ifaka zonke izinhlobo zamagundane. Ngemuva kwazo, le nyoni inyukela emahlathini nasemathafeni.
Ngakho-ke, i-harrier ayikuphikisi ukudla okulula:
- amagundane nama-voles;
- ama-gopher amancane;
- ama-hamsters;
- izinambuzane;
- izibhamu;
- izigwaca;
- amatshwele we-grouse emnyama nezikhova ezinamaqabunga amafushane;
- ama-waders;
- ama-steppe skate;
- ukukhonkotha;
- izibankwa;
- izinambuzane ezinkulu.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukudla kwe-steppe harrier kuhluke kakhulu. Ungumzingeli wosuku onobungcweti, ngoba kulula kakhulu kuye ukubona inyamazane encane emini. I-harrier ibamba izinyoni ezincane khona kanye endizeni. Ingazitika nangamaqanda, ichithe izindawo zezinyoni ezidla phansi. Le enezimpaphe ayizingeli nje kuphela inyamazane ehambayo, kodwa futhi naleyo ehleli phansi ngaphandle kokunyakaza.
Njengoba isibonile ngaphansi kwayo, i-harrier iqala ukwehla ngokushesha iye phansi, ibeka izingalo zayo zokubamba nezinde ngaphambi kwayo. Basiza inyanga ukuthola ukudla nalapho kukhula khona ukhula olude. Ngaphambi kokucwila ngokuphelele emhlabathini, lesi sithintelo sinciphisa ijubane, sandise umsila waso njengefeni. Isilwane ngasinye esinamaphiko sinendawo yaso yokuzingela
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isabelo somhlaba sokuzingela, esanyangeni, asisikhulu kakhulu ngosayizi, kodwa izimpaphe zindiza ngaso sonke isikhathi, sinamathela emzileni ofanayo. IHarrier yenza ukubaleka kwayo endaweni ephakeme.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma izinto zihamba kabi ngokudla, ama-loonies athuthela kwezinye izindawo efuna izindawo lapho kunokudla okwanele khona.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: USteppe Harrier endizeni
Cishe yonke impilo ye-steppe harriers ihlotshaniswa nezikhala ezivulekile: ama-semi-desert, ama-steppes, amathafa. Imvamisa lezi ezinamaphiko zimi eduze nezinsimu ezilinyiwe, futhi zihlala ehlathini-emaqeleni. Izithiyo zihlela izindawo zazo zokwakha izidleke emhlabathini, zithanda izintaba, zivame ukutholakala ezihlahleni zomhlanga.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izindunduma zingabonwa ngokundiza noma phansi, lezi zinyoni cishe azikaze zihlale emagatsheni ezihlahla, ziphila impilo yasemoyeni.
Uhlamvu lwenyanga luyisidlakudla, luyimfihlo, luqaphile kakhulu futhi aluhlukani, kepha kwesinye isikhathi luye lubambe inkunzi, luwele ezindlini zamapulazi zabantu, lapho luhlasela khona amazinyane amancane kanye namajuba asekhaya. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokungandile futhi, ngokusobala, ngenxa yokuthi lo mvimbeli ulambile kakhulu futhi akanandawo yokuthola okunye ukudla.
Lapho indiza, i-harrier ibukeka ihloniphekile, inobuhle, ihamba kancane nangokukala. Uma ubheka inyanga endizayo, uyabona ukuthi iyashwibeka kancane. Kusizini yomshado wasentwasahlobo ehluke ngokuphelele, ukuboniswa kokusebenza endaweni ephakeme. Ku-steppe harrier, indiza inamandla amakhulu futhi iyashesha kunezinye izinhlobo zezithiyo. Njengoba sezikhulise inzalo yazo, izithiyo ziya ebusika emazweni afudumele: ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, eNdiya, eBurma, e-Iran. Babuya nokufika kwentwasahlobo (ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuya ku-Ephreli), bekwenza bodwa bodwa noma ngababili.
Izwi lenyanga limelwe yimisindo egedlezelayo, engashintshwa ngamemeza amakhulu kakhulu futhi ajwayelekile we "geek-geek-geek". Imisindo ngesikhathi sokudikiza okulula nalapho usondela engcupheni yehlukile, kudlula kusuka kumculo futhi kunyakaze kuya kumathrifu wokukhalaza. Izikhubekiso ze-Steppe azakheli izindawo ezinkulu neziningi, zikhetha ukuhlala futhi zidleke ngababili abahlukene.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: ISteppe Harrier eRussia
Izithiyo zeSteppe zivuthwa ngokocansi zineminyaka emithathu. Isikhathi somshado wezinyoni siqala entwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izigaxa zasemoyeni zabesilisa ziyabonakala zenza umxhwele ezintombini ezinamaphiko. Izilwane ezidla ezinye zindiza phezulu esibhakabhakeni ngejubane lombani, bese zijula phansi ngokucijile, zenze ukuqubuka komzimba kanye nokubhidliza izindiza khona kanye endizeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuzwakala ukubabaza okukhulu. Abesifazane nabo bangadansa nabanumzane babo, kepha uhla lwabo lokukhohlisa aluzwakali kangako futhi alusheshe.
Izindawo zokwakha izidleke phansi zilula impela, zingamabhulethi amancane, ahlanganiswe notshani obomile obomile kanye namahlumela esihlahla. Kungaba nodoti wezinhlamvu ezithambile ngaphakathi. Amaqanda abekwa ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, futhi kungaba namaqanda amathathu kuya kwayisithupha ku-clutch. Ithoni evelele yegobolondo imhlophe, kepha izinhlayiya zombala onsundu zingasakazeka kuyo. Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha ukusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuye kwezingu-35; omama besikhathi esizayo bayawafukamela amawundlu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi sokufukamela nokukhulisa, inzalo ethintekayo iba nolaka ngokweqile, ivikele ngentshiseko inzalo yazo. Azihlehli phambi kwezingozi, zingaxosha kalula ngisho nempungushe, inja nokhozi.
Ukuchanyuselwa kwamachwane kungenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Zonke izinkukhu zihlala ndawonye kuze kube ngu-Agasti. Izinsikazi nezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zondliwa ngubaba okhathalelayo nomlingani wazo, ngemuva kwesikhashana umama onezimpaphe uphuma aphume esidlekeni aholele ekuzingeleni okuzimele. Emantshontshaneni amancane kakhulu, umzimba umbozwe ngotshani obumhlophe, bese kuba ukhilimu ophaphathekile, kancane kancane uzuze umbala obomvu ogqamile.
Amachwane awashiyi indawo yawo yokwakha izidleke kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-35 kuye kwezingama-48, ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi aqala ukwenza izindiza zawo zokuqala ezingalindelekile, ezilungiselela ukundiza ziye emazweni afudumele. Ukuphela kweminyaka yokuzala yezithiyo kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ubudala, futhi bahlala endaweni yabo yemvelo kusuka eminyakeni engama-20 kuya kwengama-22 ubudala, bangaphila ekuthunjweni ikota yekhulu leminyaka.
Izitha zemvelo ze-steppe harrier
Isithombe: I-bird steppe harrier
Izitha eziyinhloko ze-steppe harrier ezimweni zemvelo zibhekwa njengezinye izidumbu ezinamaphiko: ukhozi olusemaqeleni nendawo yokungcwaba. Izazi ze-ornithologists sezisungule ukuthi bobabili abantu abavuthiwe kanye nezithwala ezisencane ze-steppe batheleleka ngama-parasites egazi, okwenza ukuthi izinyoni zife. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, azikho izidlakela ezinezimpaphe noma izifo eziletha ingozi enkulu emphakathini, usongo olukhulu ebukhoneni be-harrier ngumuntu.
Ngokudabukisayo, kepha izitha ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi eziyingozi kakhulu zezingqinamba ze-steppe ngabantu abenza imisebenzi yabo yezomnotho engakhathali futhi enobugovu, ebhekiswe kubo kuphela. Umuntu, ophazamisa ama-biotopes emvelo, ususa izingqinamba ezivela ezindaweni ezihlala abantu, ezithinta kabi impilo yezinyoni. Inani elikhulu lamachwane angenalwazi lifa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ama-broods amaningi ahlupheka ngesikhathi sokugunda izitshalo zasebusika.
Izinyoni zifa ngokudla amagundane anobuthi eduze kwamasimu alinyiwe. Kunezindawo ezimbalwa nezingakathintwa lapho i-harrier ingazizwa ikhululekile futhi iphephe ngokuphelele. Abantu abagcini ngokuhlala ezindaweni ezinkulu kuphela ngezidingo zabo, kepha futhi benza isimo sesimo semvelo sibe sibi ngokwedlulele, kulimaze abaningi abamele izilwane, kufaka phakathi ama-steppe harriers.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-steppe harrier
Emuva ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, i-steppe harrier yayiyinyoni edla kakhulu. Emashumini amathathu eminyaka edlule, wayebhekwa njengommeleli ojwayelekile wezilwane zasentshonalanga yeCaucasus. Kepha eduze kuka-1990, kwaba yindlala enkulu, kwesinye isikhathi kwaqoshwa ukubona okukodwa ngenyoni.
Ngokuvamile, akukho datha ethile ngenani lemfuyo yeSteppe Harrier, zombili maqondana nezwe lethu kanye nomhlaba wonke. Ngokweminye imininingwane, kusele abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-40 kuphela noma izinkulungwane ezingama-20 zama-steppe harriers asele. Kulezi, imibhangqwana engaba yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ihlala ebukhulu bezwe lethu, kepha le datha ayinakubizwa ngokuthi inembile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inani lezithinteli ze-steppe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ziyahlukahluka, ngoba izinyoni zihlala zifudukela ezindaweni ezinamagundane amaningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kulezi zifunda, kunombono oyiphutha wokuthi inani lesilwane esingenamaphiko seliphezulu.
Idatha edumazayo ikhombisa ukuthi inani lezithiyo lisengozini enkulu, zimbalwa kakhulu izinyoni ezisele, ziyanyamalala, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ziseRed Book. Lokhu kungenxa yokuxhamazela kwabantu, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwendawo yemvelo yalezi zinyoni ezinhle.
Abantu benza umsebenzi wokugunda amadlelo, ukukhipha amaxhaphozi, ukulima izindawo eziningi zomhlaba wezolimo, ngaleyo ndlela bacindezele ama-steppe harriers, babaxoshe ezindaweni zabo zokuthunyelwa unomphela, kuthinte kabi indlela yokuphila yenyoni. Konke lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi inani lezithiyo liyancipha, izinyoni zidinga ukuvikelwa ukuze zinganyamalali ebusweni beplanethi yethu.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-harpe steppe
Isithombe: Steppe Harrier ovela eRed Book
Kwatholakala ukuthi, inani lezithiyo lincane kakhulu, lezi zidlakela ezinamaphiko zingezinhlobo zezinyoni ezisengozini, ngakho-ke zingaphansi kokuvikelwa okukhethekile kwezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene zokulondolozwa kwemvelo. I-harpe ye-steppe ibhalwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN Red. Inyoni le iseRed Book yeRussian Federation, njengenhlobo, inani lalo eliyehla ngokunciphile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoNgo-2007, iBhange LaseRussia lakhipha uhlamvu lwemali eyisikhumbuzo engu-1 ruble, olukhombisa i-steppe harrier, lungoluchungechunge lweRed Book.
I-harpe ye-steppe ibhalwe ku-isithasiselo sesibili se-CITES, kwizithasiselo ezingunombolo 2 zemihlangano yeBonn neBern. Le nyoni ibhalwe ohlwini lwesithasiselo sesivumelwano esiphothulwe phakathi kwezwe lethu neNdiya ngezinyathelo ezikhethekile zokongiwa kwezinyoni ezifudukayo. I-harpe ye-steppe ivikelwe kulezi zindawo zokugcina:
- Khopersky;
- Orenburg;
- I-Altai;
- Umhlaba omnyama omaphakathi.
Izimpaphe zibalwe ezincwadini zeRed Data Books zezifunda ezahlukahlukene zezwe lethu.Kunconywa ukuthi kuhlonzwe izindawo zokwakhiwa kwezinyoni unomphela futhi zizenze zivikeleke, naphakathi kwabantu bendawo ukukhuthaza isimo sokucophelela nokunakekela kulezi zinyoni ezingavamile futhi ezimangazayo ukuze kugcinwe lezi zinhlobo ezisengozini. Ama-Ornithologists akholelwa ukuthi izifunda ezithembisa kakhulu yonke le misebenzi yi-Trans-Ural steppes ne-Western Siberia.
Kwethenjwa ukuthi zonke izindlela zokuvikela zizoba nomphumela omuhle, futhi i-steppe harrier izoqala okungenani ukuzinza ezinombolweni zayo. Unenhlanhla yangempela owaba nenhlanhla yokubuka le nyoni enhle futhi enhle endle, ngoba ukuhamba kwenyanga kuyamangalisa kakhulu, futhi ukujula kwayo ngokushesha kuyamangalisa. Akusilo ize ukuthi i-harrier ikhethe izindawo ezivulekile zempilo yayo, ngoba kumlingiswa wayo umuntu angazizwa ethambekele ekuziphatheni okuphambene nothando olukhululekile lwenkululeko.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/15/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 15.08.2019 ngo-0: 57
