IGibbon - iyisilwane sasendle esincanyana, esinomusa nobuqili esivela emndenini we-gibbon. Umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-16 zezinkawu. Ngamunye wabo wehlukile ngendawo yokuhlala, imikhuba yokudla, nokubukeka. Lolu hlobo lwenkawu luthakazelisa kakhulu ukuzibuka, ngoba ziyizilwane ezidlalayo futhi ezihlekisayo. Isici esihlukile sama-gibhoni kubhekwa njengokuhlalisana kwabantu hhayi kuphela maqondana nezihlobo zabo, kepha futhi maqondana nabamele ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, abantu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimfundamakhwela zikhombisa ukukulungela ukuxhumana nobungane ngokuvula imilomo yazo nokuphakamisa amakhona ayo. Lokhu kunikeza isithombe sokumamatheka kokwamukela.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Gibbon
Ama-Gibbons yizilwane ezi-chordal, ezihlukaniswa njengezilwane ezincelisayo, i-primate order, umndeni omncane we-gibbon. Kuze kube manje, imvelaphi yama-gibhoni yiyona efundwa okuncane kakhulu ngososayensi uma iqhathaniswa nemvelaphi nokuvela kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle.
Imivubukulo etholakalayo ikhombisa ukuthi yayivele ikhona ngesikhathi sePliocene. Ukhokho wasendulo wama-gibboni wanamuhla kwakuyi-yuanmoupithecus, eyayikhona eningizimu yeChina cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-7-9 edlule. Nala madlozi, ahlanganiswe ukubukeka kanye nendlela yokuphila. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isakhiwo somhlathi asikaze sishintshe kuma-gibhoni wanamuhla.
Ividiyo: IGibbon
Kukhona enye inguquko yemvelaphi yama-ribbon - kusuka kuma-pliobates. Lezi yizimbongolo zasendulo ezazikhona ensimini ye-Europe yanamuhla cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-11-11.5 edlule. Ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola izinsalela zamathambo ezinsalela zasendulo ze-pliobates.
Wayenesakhiwo esithile samathambo, ikakhulukazi, ugebhezi. Banebhokisi lobuchopho elikhulu kakhulu, elinamandla, nelicindezelwe ngandlela thile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ingxenye engaphambili incane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye inesokhethi enkulu yamehlo eyindilinga. Yize i-cranium inamandla amakhulu, igumbi lobuchopho lincane, okukhombisa ukuthi ubuchopho bebuncane. Ama-Pliobates, njengama-gibhoni, ayenemilenze emide emangalisayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-gibbon
Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala oyedwa busuka kumasentimitha angama-40 kuye kwayi-100. Ezilwaneni, i-dimorphism yezocansi iyavezwa. Abesifazane bancane ngosayizi nangesisindo somzimba uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Isisindo somzimba ngokwesilinganiso sisuka ku-4.5 kuye ku-12.5 kilograms.
AmaGibbon ahlukaniswa nomzimba omncane, omncane, omude. Izazi zeZoologists zithi lolu hlobo lwezinkawu lufana kakhulu nabantu. Bona, njengabantu, banamazinyo angama-32 nesakhiwo somhlathi esifanayo. Banama-canine amade futhi abukhali kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-Primates anamaqembu egazi - 2, 3, 4, njengabantu. Umehluko ubangwa ukungabikho kweqembu lokuqala.
Inhloko yama-Gibbon incane ngengxenye yobuso eveza kakhulu. Amaphara anezikhala ezikhalene eduze, kanye namehlo amnyama, amakhulu nomlomo obanzi. Umzimba wezinkawu umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu. Azikho izinwele ebusweni bekhanda, izintende, izinyawo kanye ne-ischium. Umbala wesikhumba wawo wonke amalungu alo mndeni, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zawo, umnyama. Umbala wejazi uhlukile kuma-subspecies ahlukahlukene alo mndeni. Kungaba okuqinile, imvamisa kube mnyama, noma kube nezindawo ezikhanyayo ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba. Kukhona abamele ezinye izinhlobo, lapho, ngaphandle kwalokho, ubomvu obukhanyayo buvame kakhulu.
Imilenze yezinkawu inesithakazelo esithile. Zinemilenze emide emide ngendlela emangalisayo. Ubude bazo bucishe buphindwe kabili obemilenze yangemuva. Mayelana nalokhu, amagebhoni angancika kalula ezihlokweni zangaphambili zawo lapho zimile nje noma zihamba. Imilenze yangaphambili yizandla. Izintende zinde kakhulu futhi zincane. Baneminwe emihlanu, futhi umunwe wokuqala ubekwe eceleni ngokuqinile.
Ihlala kuphi i-gibbon?
Isithombe: iGibbon ngokwemvelo
Abamele abahlukahlukene balezi zinhlobo banendawo yokuhlala ehlukile:
- izifunda ezisenyakatho neChina;
- IVietnam;
- I-Laaos;
- ECambodia;
- IBurma;
- isiqhingi saseMalacca;
- isiqhingi saseSumatra;
- India;
- Isiqhingi iMentawai;
- izifunda ezisentshonalanga yeJava;
- Isiqhingi saseKalimantan.
AmaGibbon angazizwa ekhululekile cishe kunoma yisiphi isifunda. Iningi labantu lihlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ungahlala emahlathini omile. Imindeni yamaphara ihlala ezigodini, ezindaweni ezinamagquma noma ezintabeni. Kunabantu abangakhuphuka bafike kumamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Umndeni ngamunye wezinkawu uhlala endaweni ethile. Indawo ehlala umndeni owodwa ingafinyelela kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-200. Ngeshwa, esikhathini esidlule, indawo yokuhlala yama-ribbon yayibanzi kakhulu. Namuhla, izazi zezilwane ziphawula ukuncipha kwaminyaka yonke kobubanzi bokusatshalaliswa kwezinkawu. Okudingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwezinkawu ukuba khona kwezihlahla ezinde.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-gibbon ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlani i-gibbon?
Isithombe: Monkey Gibbon
Ama-Gibbon angabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi ama-omnivores, ngoba adla ngokudla kokubili okwezitshalo nezilwane. Bacwaninga indawo abahlala kuyo ngokucophelela ukuze bathole ukudla okufanele. Ngenxa yokuthi bahlala ezihlokweni zamahlathi ahlala eluhlaza, bangakwazi ukuzihlinzeka ngesisekelo sefolishi unyaka wonke. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, izinkawu zingazitholela ukudla cishe unyaka wonke.
Ngaphezu kwamajikijolo nezithelo ezivuthiwe, izilwane zidinga umthombo wamaprotheni - ukudla kwezilwane. Njengokudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane, ama-gibbon adla izibungu, izinambuzane, amabhungane, njll. Kokunye, zingadla amaqanda ezinyoni, akha izidleke zazo emiqhele yezihlahla ezihlala kuwo amazinyane.
Ngokufuna ukudla, abantu abadala baphuma cishe ekuseni ngemuva kwendlu yangasese yasekuseni. Abagcini ngokudla izimila eziluhlaza okotshani noma bakha izithelo, bazihlunga ngokucophelela. Uma isithelo singakavuthwa, amaribhoni asishiya esihlahleni, asivumele sivuthwe bese sigcwaliswa ngejusi. Izithelo namahlamvu kuthathwa yizinkawu ngezitho zangaphambili, njengasezandleni.
Ngokwesilinganiso, okungenani amahora ama-3-4 ngosuku abelwe ukusesha nokudla ukudla. Izinkawu zithambekele ekukhetheni izithelo ngokucophelela, kodwa futhi nasekuhlafuneni ukudla. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu omdala oyedwa udinga ukudla okungu-3-4 kilograms ngosuku.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Gibbon
Ama-Gibbons yizinyamazane zokushona. Ebusuku, aphumula kakhulu, ayolala phezulu emiqhele yezihlahla nawo wonke umndeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izilwane zinenqubo ethile yansuku zonke. Bayakwazi ukwaba isikhathi sabo ngendlela yokuthi ngokulinganayo iwele ekudleni, ekuphumuleni, ekunakekelweni kwengubo yomunye nomunye, ukunakekela inzalo, njll.
Lolu hlobo lwe-primate lungabhekwa ngokuphepha ku-arboreal. Akuvamile ukuthi zihambe ebusweni bomhlaba. Izinsika zangaphambili zenza kube lula ukushwiba ngamandla bese weqa usuka egatsheni uye kwelinye. Ubude beqa elinjalo bufinyelela kumamitha amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ijubane lokuhamba kwezinkawu lingamakhilomitha ayi-14-16 ngehora.
Umndeni ngamunye uhlala endaweni ethile, egadwe ngomona ngamalungu ayo. Ekuseni, amagiboni akhuphukela phezulu esihlahleni bese ehlabelela izingoma ezinkulu ezishisayo, okuwuphawu lokuthi le ndawo isivele inabantu futhi akufanele kungenelelwe kuyo. Ngemuva kokuvuka, izilwane zizibeka ngokuhlelekile ngokwenza izinqubo zokugeza.
Ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, abantu abanesizungu bangamukelwa emndenini, okuthi ngasizathu simbe balahlekelwe uhhafu wabo wesibili, futhi amawundlu avuthiwe ahlukanisa futhi azakhela eyabo imindeni. Kulezo zimo lapho, ekuqaleni kokuthomba, abantu abasha bengawushiyanga umndeni, isizukulwane esidala sibaxosha ngenkani. Kubalulekile ukuphawula iqiniso lokuthi imvamisa abazali abadala bahlala futhi bagade izindawo ezengeziwe lapho izingane zabo zihlala khona kamuva, zakha imindeni.
Ngemuva kokuthi amabele esegcwele, ngenjabulo baya kophumula ezidlekeni abazithandayo. Lapho, zingalala zinganyakazi amahora amaningi, zikhanyiswe yimisebe yelanga. Ngemuva kokudla nokuphumula, izilwane ziqala ukuxubha uboya bazo, okuthatha isikhathi esiningi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby Gibbon
Ama-Gibbons angabodade oyedwa ngokwemvelo. Futhi kujwayelekile ukudala imibhangqwana futhi uhlale kuyo impilo yakho yonke. Babhekwa njengabazali abakhathalelayo futhi abakhathazekile futhi bakhulisa izingane zabo zize zifinyelele ebusheni futhi zikulungele ukuqala umndeni wazo.
Ngenxa yokuthi amagebhoni afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngokwesilinganiso eneminyaka yobudala engama-5-9, kunabantu bobulili obuhlukile nezizukulwane emindenini yabo. Kwezinye izimo, imindeni enjalo ingajoyinwa izinkawu esezikhulile okuthi, nganoma yisiphi isizathu, zishiywe zodwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Esikhathini esiningi, ama-primates ahlala enesizungu ngenxa yokuthi ngasizathu simbe alahlekelwa abalingani bawo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ngeke esakwazi ukudala okusha.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana asigcini ngesikhathi esithile sonyaka. Indoda, efinyelela eminyakeni yobudala eyi-7-9, ikhetha insikazi eyithandayo komunye umndeni, bese iqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokuyinaka. Uma naye ezwelana naye, futhi ukulungele ukubeletha, bakha izithandani.
Kumabhangqa avela, kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. Isikhathi sokumitha sithatha cishe izinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Isikhathi sokondla abasha ngobisi lukanina sihlala cishe kuze kube seminyakeni emibili. Bese kuthi kancane kancane izingane zifunde ukuzitholela ukudla kwazo zodwa.
Amaphara angabazali abakhathalelayo kakhulu. Inzalo esikhulile isiza abazali ukuthi banakekele amawundlu azelwe aze azimele. Masinyane ngemuva kokuzalwa, izingane zinamathela eboyeni bukanina zihambe naye ezihlahleni. Abazali baxhumana namazinyane abo ngezimpawu ezilalelwayo nezibonwayo. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila sama-gibhoni yiminyaka engama-24 kuye kwengama-30.
Izitha zemvelo zebhabhoni
Isithombe: I-Elderly Gibbon
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-giboni ayizilwane ezihlakaniphile futhi ezisheshayo, futhi ngokwemvelo anikezwe amandla okukhuphuka ngokushesha nangobuhlakani eziqongweni zezihlahla ezinde, azikabi nazo izitha. Abanye abantu abahlala endaweni yemvelo yezinkawu bayazibulala ukuze bathole inyama noma ukuze bafuye inzalo yabo. Inani labazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho abazingela amawundlu e-gibbon liyakhula minyaka yonke.
Esinye isizathu esibucayi sokwehla kwenani lezilwane ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo ezihlala kuyo. Izindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi emvula ziyagezwa ngenhloso yokulima amasimu, umhlaba wezolimo, njll. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilwane zincishwa ikhaya nomthombo wazo wokudla. Ngaphezu kwazo zonke lezi zinto, amagebhoni anezitha eziningi zemvelo.
Abasengozini kakhulu amawundlu nokuthi abantu abadala bayagula yini. Imvamisa izinkawu zingaba izisulu zezicabucabu ezinobuthi eziyingozi noma izinyoka, ezinkulu kakhulu kwezinye izindawo zendawo yokuhlala yezilwane. Kwezinye izifunda, izizathu zokufa kwama-gibhoni zinguquko ebukhali ezimweni zezulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-gibbon
Namuhla, iningi lama-subspecies alo mndeni ahlala ezifundeni zendawo yemvelo ngezinombolo ezanele. Kodwa-ke, ama-gibhoni ahlomile amhlophe abhekwa njengengozi enkulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inyama yalezi zilwane isetshenziswa emazweni amaningi. AmaGibbon avame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezinkulu, ezishesha kakhudlwana.
Izizwe eziningi ezihlala endaweni yezwekazi lase-Afrika zisebenzisa izitho ezahlukahlukene nezitho zomzimba zama-ribbon njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, lapho kwenziwa khona imishanguzo ehlukahlukene. Impikiswano yokulondolozwa kwenani labantu balezi zilwane inzima kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Ngo-1975, izazi zezilwane zenza ukubalwa kwabantu ngalezi zilwane. Ngaleso sikhathi, inani labo lalicishe libe yizigidi ezine zabantu. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ashisayo ngamanani amakhulu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi minyaka yonke abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziningana bancishwa amakhaya abo nomthombo wokudla. Mayelana nalokhu, namuhla izazi zezilwane zithi okungenani izinhlobo ezine zalezi zinyamazana zidala ukukhathazeka ngenxa yokwehla kwabantu ngokushesha okukhulu. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo ngumsebenzi wabantu.
Unogada waseGibbon
Isithombe: iGibbon esivela kwiRed Book
Ngenxa yokuthi inani labantu bezinhlobo ezithile zama-gibboni lisengcupheni yokuqothulwa, lifakwe ohlwini lweRed Book, babelwe isikhundla "sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, noma uhlobo olusengozini yokuqothulwa."
Izinhlobo zezinkawu ezibalwe kuRed Book
- amaribhoni ahlomile mhlophe;
- i-gibbon yeKloss;
- iribhoni yesiliva;
- isibhebhe esineSulphur.
I-International Association for the Conservation of Animals ithuthukisa iqoqo lezinyathelo, ngokombono wazo, ezizosiza ekulondolozeni nasekwandiseni ubukhulu besibalo sabantu. Ezindaweni eziningi, lezi zilwane azivunyelwe ukuqedwa kwamahlathi.
Abamele abaningi bezinhlekelele ezisengozini bathuthwa baya eziqiwini naseziqiwini, lapho izazi zezilwane zizama ukudala izimo ezikahle kakhulu nezamukelekayo zokuba khona kwezinkawu. Kodwa-ke, ubunzima bulele ekutheni ama-gibhoni aqikelela kakhulu ekukhetheni abalingani. Ezimweni ezenziwe ngokwenziwe, bavame ukunganaki, okwenza inqubo yokuzalanisa ibe nzima kakhulu.
Kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi e-Indonesia, ama-ribbon abhekwa njengezilwane ezingcwele eziletha inhlanhla futhi zifanekisela impumelelo. Abantu bendawo baziqaphele kakhulu lezi zilwane futhi bazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuthi bangaziphazamisi.
IGibbon Isilwane esihle kakhulu futhi esihle. Bangabalingani nabazali abayizibonelo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yephutha lomuntu, ezinye izinhlobo zama-ribbon zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Namuhla, isintu sizama ukuthatha izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene ukuzama ukugcina lezi zinkawu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/11/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-18: 02
