Izimbali nezilwane zase-Afrika ziyamangala ngokwahlukahlukana kwazo, kunezilwane eziningi ezingajwayelekile, izinyoni ezingatholakali kwamanye amazwekazi, futhi crane umqhele ummeleli wabo ogqamile. Abantu abaningi base-Afrika bayayihlonipha le nyoni engavamile "enomqhele wegolide" ekhanda layo, bayithatha njengekhubalo leziko, iboniswa ngisho nasejazini lase-Uganda, elifanekisela izwe lonke.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Crane Crown
I-crane ekhonjiwe iyinkosi enomusa yomndeni we-crane weqiniso. Isici esivelele salolu hlobo luhlobo lomqhele ekhanda, oluqukethe izimpaphe eziningi zegolide ezincanyana.
Onke ama-crane athweswe imiqhele ahlukaniswe aba izigaba ezincane ezimbili, kuya ngesifunda sendawo abahlala kuyo ezwenikazi lase-Afrika:
- i-crane crowned entshonalanga ihlala entshonalanga yezwekazi;
- empumalanga - ama-subspecies asempumalanga.
Umehluko wabo omkhulu ukuhlelwa okuhlukile kwamabala abomvu namhlophe ezihlathini, ngaphandle kwalokho afana ngokuphelele.
Ividiyo: Crane Crown
Lezi zinhlobo zasendulo zezinyoni zakhiwa eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-40-60 edlule eminyakeni ye-Eocene, ngemuva nje kokuphela kwenkathi yedinosaur. Kutholakale inani elikhulu lemidwebo ezindongeni zemihume yasendulo eveza lezi zidalwa ezinemiqhele. Kunezinganekwane eziningi mayelana nabantu abahamba ngomqhele. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, bahlala eduze kwabantu futhi, ngaphandle kokuthi kwesinye isikhathi ngezikhathi zendlala babehlasela izitshalo, abantu bahlala beziphatha kahle lezi zinyoni ezinkulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinyoni ezinemiqhele zenza imisindo eqonde kakhulu ngenxa yesakhiwo somphimbo wazo. Ngenxa yokukhala kwabo okungavamile, kulula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa kwabanye abameleli bomndeni we-crane, noma ngabe umhlambi ukude kakhulu. Ngosizo lwayo, abantu ngabanye baziqondisa emhlambini phakathi nezindiza ezinde.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-crane ethwele umqhele
I-crane ekhonjiwe iyinyoni enkulu enamandla, ukuphakama kwayo kungafinyelela ku-90-100 cm noma ngaphezulu, amaphiko ayo cishe amamitha amabili, futhi isisindo sayo sisuka ku-4 kuye ku-5.5 kg. I-dimorphism yezocansi kulezi zidalwa ayiphinyiselwa, kepha abesifazane babukeka bencanyana kunabesilisa.
Cishe wonke umzimba kakhreyimu unombala wezimpaphe omnyama noma omnyama ompunga, kanti i-elytra kanye ngaphansi kwayo kukhipha amakhava amhlophe. Ikhanda elincane lihlotshiswe ngoqweqwe oluhlaba umxhwele lwezimpaphe ezilukhuni eziphuzi ngokusagolide - ophuzi - ngenxa yalesi sici, le nyoni yathola igama layo lobukhosi. Kubantu abasha, izimpaphe zilula kunalezo ezivuthiwe ngokobulili: imikhawulo yezimpaphe engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba ibomvu, kanti ngezansi kunesihlabathi. Intamo yentsha ibunsundu, ibunzi liphuzi.
Uqhwaku lwenyoni lumnyama, luncane, luyacabalele kancane. Ngaphansi kwesilevu, bonke abantu, kungakhathalekile ubulili babo, banesikhwama somphimbo obomvu, esifana nesamaqhubu namaqhude, kepha i-crane ingayifaka.
Izihlathi zezinyoni zihlotshiswe ngamabala amhlophe abomvu nokumhlophe, ngapha nangapha:
- kuma-subspecies asempumalanga, okubomvu kutholakala ngaphezu komhlophe;
- eNtshonalanga Afrika, kunalokho, ibala elimhlophe liphakeme kunelibomvu.
Imilenze imnyama, iqine ngokwanele. I-crane ethweswe umqhele inesinye isici esisihlukanisa nezihlobo zayo - le nyoni inezinzwane ezinde zangemuva emlenzeni wayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinyoni ezinemiqhele zingasuka ebangeni elifinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 000.
Ihlala kuphi i-crane?
Isithombe: Crane Crown Crane
Lolu hlobo lwe-crane luyaphila:
- kuma-savanna eningizimu yoGwadule lwaseSahara;
- I-Ethiopia, iBurundi, iSudan, i-Uganda;
- uhlala empumalanga ye-Afrika.
Ithatha izimpande kahle ezindaweni ezomile, kepha kaningi itholakala eduze kwamachibi, emaxhaphozini anamanzi ahlanzekile, kanye nezimfunda ezimanzi. Ama-crane crown nawo ahlala emasimini anelayisi nezinye izitshalo ezidinga umswakama omningi. Kutholakala emazweni asele dengwane eduze nemifula.
I-crane enomqhele ayesabi nakancane abantu, kaningi ihlala eduze kwamapulazi nokuhlala abantu. Ngokuphumula ebusuku ukhetha amahlathi womtholo. Yonke impilo yabo o-crane abathweswe imiqhele baboshelwe endaweni eyodwa, lapho kwesinye isikhathi bengahamba, behamba amabanga amade, kodwa babuye futhi. Ngesikhathi sesomiso esibi, lapho befuna ukudla, bafuna ukusondela emadlelweni, emapulazini nasezindlini zabantu. I-crane igxila kahle ezimweni zokufakelwa, iyenze ibe yinyoni eyamukelekayo kuwo wonke ama-zoo, kubandakanya neyangasese.
Indawo yokwakhiwa kwalezi cranes isukela kumahektha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-40, okuthathwa njengendawo encane yalolu hlobo, kepha ivikelwe ngomona kwezinye izinyoni. Izinyoni zibeka izidleke zazo eduze kwamanzi, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nasemanzini phakathi kwamahlathi aminyene.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-crane ethweswe umqhele itholakalaphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlaleni i-crane ethwele umqhele?
Isithombe: I-crane crown evela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Ama-cranes anomqhele adla cishe yonke into; adla ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo ezinesifiso esifanayo.
Imenyu yabo ingasuselwa ku:
- imbewu, amahlumela ezitshalo, izimpande, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nokusanhlamvu okuvela emasimini ezolimo;
- izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izinhlanzi, amaxoxo, izibankwa, amagundane, amanye ama-invertebrates amancane nama-vertebrate.
Ngesikhathi sesomiso, izinyoni zigijimela emihlambini yezilwane ezinezimpondo ezinkulu, lapho ungathola khona ngobuningi izinambuzane ezingenamqolo eziphazanyiswa imfuyo. Ngenxa yemvelo yabo emnivorous, kuyaqabukela behlangabezana nendlala futhi bahlala bekwazi ukondla inzalo yabo.
Ezimweni zezindiza, futhi abukho ubunzima ngokudla kwabo. Ukudla ose-zoo, njengokwemvelo, kuhlanganisiwe. Ukudla kwemifino kufaka ukolweni, amabele, ibhali, nayo yonke imidumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zithola imifino eminingi ehlukene. Inyama, inhlanzi, ama-crustaceans ase-hamarus, i-cottage shizi namagundane akha ukudla kwezilwane. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu omdala oyedwa udinga i-1 kilogram yezinhlobo ezimbili zokuphakelayo nsuku zonke.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayom: Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni luwukuphela komndeni omkhulu we-crane, okuthi, ngenxa yozwane olwengeziwe olwengeziwe, luhlale ezihlahleni - kusegatsheni labo abachitha ubusuku bonke. Imvamisa ngalokhu bakhetha amahlathi aminyene ama-acacias, kaningi ezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Cranes Cranes
Inyoni ethweswe umqhele incamela impilo yokuhlala nje. Kodwa-ke, iyakwazi ukuzula ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka, ngaphandle kokuweqa imingcele yendawo yayo yemvelo. Ukufuduka kwesizini nokwansuku zonke ngobude babo kungafinyelela amashumi amakhilomitha amaningi. Uyasebenza emini, kepha ebusuku uncamela ukuphumula esihlalweni semithi.
Ama-cranes athutheleka emihlambini emikhulu, ahlangana ngokuhlanganyela. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokufuduka, abantu abadala baxhumana ngemisindo ethile yomphimbo, okufaka isandla ekuxhumaneni okungcono kwezenzo zelungu ngalinye lepakethe. Kuqala kuphela isikhathi semvula lapho behlukana ngababili ukuzala nokuvikela indawo yabo kwezinye izihlobo zabo, kanye namahansi namadada. Uma unyaka uphenduke ungathandeki ngenxa yesimo sezulu, amabhangqa ama-crane athweswe umqhele awakwazi ukushiya umhlambi nhlobo futhi alinde izimo ezikahle zokufukamela amaqanda.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Endle, ama-cranes athweswe umqhele ngokwesilinganiso aphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-30, esibayeni esivulekile, ngokudla okunempilo nokunakekelwa okufanele, abanye abantu badlula umugqa weminyaka engamashumi ayisihlanu, abavame ukubizwa ngawo ukuthi baneminyaka eyikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhamuzi zezilwane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-crane chick yomqhele
Ama-cranes anomqhele avuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka emithathu. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, futhi siwela ngenkathi yemvula, abantu abadala baqala ukubhekelana kahle futhi uhlobo lomdanso lungenye yezindlela zokudlala ngothando. Ngesikhathi somdanso, izinyoni zizama ukuheha ukunakwa okuphezulu kozakwethu ongaba naye. Ama-cranes aphonsa phezulu utshani phezulu, agxume futhi ashaye amaphiko awo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bayakwazi ukucula, ngenxa yalokhu bafaka isikhwama somqala bese benza imisindo yamacilongo. Ngesikhathi sokudlala, umculi utshekisa ikhanda lakhe ngomqhele wegolide phambili abese eliphonsa kungazelelwe.
Njengoba bezikhethele umbhangqwana, izinyoni ziqala ukwakha isidleke. Imvamisa basebenzisa i-sedge noma obunye utshani ngale njongo. Zibeka izidleke zazo ikakhulu osebeni lwedamu, phakathi kwamahlathi ngqo emanzini, lapho insikazi izalela khona amaqanda amabili kuya kwangu-5, kuye ngobudala benyoni. Usayizi weqanda ungafinyelela ku-12 cm, ube nombala opinki noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ama-cranes afukamela amaqanda inyanga yonke, kanti owesilisa nawo ubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo kule nqubo. Kakade usuku ngemuva kokuzalwa, amatshwele, imizimba yawo embozwe umkhuhlane onsundu, angashiya isidleke, kodwa emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa abuye futhi. Ngalesi sikhathi, umndeni wama-cranes uthuthela emagqumeni uyofuna ukudla, kuthi uma usuthi, uphinde uphuthume endaweni yokwakha izidleke. Ama-cranes amadala afundisa amachwane awo ukuthola ukudla, ahlala enza imisindo ehlukile, "achaze" imithetho yokuziphatha. Izilwane ezisencane ziqala ukundiza ezinyangeni ezi-2-3.
Izitha zemvelo zama-cranes athweswe umqhele
Isithombe: Cranes Cranes
Endle, izinyoni zasendle ezahlukahlukene kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye zase-Afrika zingahlasela izimpilo zazo. Abantu abasha bayahlaselwa kaningi, kwesinye isikhathi inzalo ifela ngisho naseqandeni ingenasikhathi sokuzalwa, ngoba baningi abafuna ukuwadla futhi abazali abanamandla okubavikela. Kwezinye izimo, ukuze zizivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, izinyoni zingachitha ubusuku bonke emanzini.
Lapho ufaka kuhlu izitha zalezi zinyoni ezinkulu, umuntu ngeke ahluleke ukubona ukuthi umonakalo omkhulu kubantu bawo ubangelwa hhayi izinyoni zasendle nezilwane, kodwa ngumuntu nemisebenzi yakhe. Ama-cranes anomqhele abanjwa ngamanani amakhulu ukuze kubekwe ezinye izinyoni ezingajwayelekile ezindaweni ezivalekile zoo.
Kwabanye abantu base-Afrika, lesi sidalwa sithathwa njengophawu lokuchuma nenhlanhla, ngakho-ke imindeni ecebile ikakhulukazi ilwela ukuyithola e-zoo yayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amadolo amaningi ayanda, endaweni yawo abantu bahlanganyela ngenkuthalo kwezolimo. Ama-Cranes ayanyamalala ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yawo yemvelo, ukwephulwa kwezimo ezinhle zempilo yawo.
Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwezolimo kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene okwelapha amasimu ezinambuzane nakho kunomthelela kulezi zinyoni, ngoba ukudla kwazo kufaka izinhlamvu eziningi namagundane ahlala eduze kwamasimu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-crane ethwele umqhele
Emvelweni wemvelo, kunabantu abangaphezu kuka-40,000 babantu bama-cranes abathweswe imiqhele, okwanele ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo, kepha, nokho, isimo salolu hlobo lwama-cranes sithathwa njengesengozini futhi sibhalwe kwiRed Book yamazwe omhlaba. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, usongo olukhulu emphakathini wezidalwa ezingavamile ezithwelwe umqhele ukubanjwa okusebenzayo nokuhweba kwezinyoni.
Zifunwa ikakhulukazi eMali nakwamanye amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika, lapho kusekhona isiko lokugcina lezi zinyoni ezingaphandle ekhaya. Ama-zoo amaningi aseYurophu nase-Asia azimele afuna isidalwa esihle kakhulu esinomqhele wegolide. Ukuhweba ngomqhele ogcwele umqhele kukhule kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule.
Ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kwabo ngokungemthetho ngaphandle kwezwekazi, ngaphezulu kwengxenye yabantu bayafa. Kukhona ukulwa njalo nokubanjwa kwezinyoni ngokungemthetho, izinkomba zazo zokusabalalisa ziyabonakala, kodwa ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lempilo yabantu emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zama-crane athweswe umqhele ezimakethe ezimnyama, imisebenzi engekho emthethweni ithola umfutho kuphela. Lezi zidalwa azesabi nakancane abantu, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyibamba, okuqhubeka kusibhebhethekise lesi simo ngokuncipha kancane kancane kwabantu bayo.
Ukuvikelwa kwama-cranes athweswe umqhele
Isithombe: I-crane crown evela eBomvu Incwadi
Izinhlobo ze-crane ezithwelwe ngemvelo zingaphansi kokuvikelwa kwamazwe omhlaba. Yize kunabantu abaningi impela, kunokuthambekela okuya ngokuya kwehla, kuyilapho izinga lokwehla likhula njalo.
Kunezindlela ezimbili lapho kwenziwa khona umsebenzi wokulondoloza inani lomqhele we-crane ezizukulwaneni ezizayo:
- ukucindezela ukuhweba ngokungemthetho ezinyoni ezingaphandle, ukukhuphula isijeziso salolu hlobo lomsebenzi wobulelesi. Iziphathimandla ezifanele zamazwe onke zisebenza ngokubambisana okuseduze, ngoba kuphela ngaleyo ndlela lapho singalindela umphumela obalulekile;
- ukulondolozwa kwendawo yokuhlala ejwayelekile yama-cranes, okungukuthi, ama-bogi anamanzi ahlanzekile, amadlelo ezikhukhula, okuthe eminyakeni edlule nje akhishwa, futhi endaweni yawo kwakhiwa amadolobha, umhlaba wezolimo wawulinywa.
Uma ushiya i-crane enomqhele yodwa, ivikele emisebenzini yabantu eyonakalisayo, khona-ke iyakwazi ukubuyisa ngokushesha inani labantu bayo futhi idlulisele isimo sezinhlobo zayo esigabeni sesitebele. Ngeshwa, esimweni sezulu esinezinzuzo ezilula, abantu abacabangi ngekusasa labazukulu babo nabazukulu babazukulu, okuthi, ngesilinganiso esincipha kangaka senani lama-crane athweswe imiqhele, bangabazisa kuphela kuma-zoo noma ezithombeni ezincwadini zezilwane.
Crane umqhele Iyinyoni enhle kakhulu, inamandla amancane futhi inhle ngokumangalisayo. Angabizwa ngokuthi inkosi yawo wonke umndeni we-crane. Ukunyakaza kwazo okubushelelezi nemidanso yazo engajwayelekile yokuhlangana, engabonwa kuphela endaweni yazo yemvelo, kuyamangalisa. Ngenxa yokuthi bangaphansi kokuvikelwa kwamazwe omhlaba, kunethemba lokuthi inzalo yethu ekude izobona umdanso ongajwayelekile walezi crane.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/07/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/28/2019 ngo-22: 35
