Vobla - Isihlobo esiseduze se-roach. Ngaphandle, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa. Kuyadingeka ukwazi izici eziningana ezibalulekile zezinhlobo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke ukwazi ukuthola. I-vobla ingenye yezinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu kubadobi (bobabili abenza amateur kanye nochwepheshe). Ngenxa yokuthi le nto yokudoba edumile ibanjwe ngentshiseko eminyakeni yamuva, inani lincipha ngokushesha.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Vobla
UVobla ungowomndeni wakwaKarpov, owenziwe nge-ray. Ngaphandle, inhlanzi efana kakhulu ne-roach. Ngokusho kweminye imibiko, kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa nangokuthi yi-roach, kumane kwehlukaniswe njengezinhlobonhlobo zalezo zinhlobo. Eqinisweni, wuhlobo oluzimele olunezici ezibalulekile ezihlukile ezenza ukuthi kube lula ukubona i-vobla.
IVobla yathola igama layo eRussia ngenxa yendlela eyakheke ngayo. By the way, ngalezo zinsuku, abantu abaningi bambiza kubantu abavamile "rabid". Isizathu sasisekuziphatheni kwakhe okusebenzayo kakhulu. Lapho abesilisa nabesifazane be-vobl bezimisele ngokuzalela emlonyeni wemifula, akunakwenzeka ukuhambisana nabo. Ngakho-ke, indlela abaziphatha ngayo ayifani nezinye izinhlanzi - ziyasebenza kakhulu ukuthi zingadabula ezinye izikole zezinhlanzi ziye enhlosweni yazo.
Ividiyo: Vobla
Ubude be-vobla yabantu abadala bungamasentimitha angama-30, kanti isisindo sayo sifinyelela ku-0.2 kg. Kukhona nabantu abakhulu ngokwengeziwe. Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa i-roach yi-V-shaped tail fin kanye ne-tint ebomvu yesikali.
Manje oLwandle lweCaspian, ngokwesiko ukuhlukanisa imihlambi emithathu eyinhloko ye-roach:
- AmaTurkmen;
- INyakatho yeCaspian;
- Isi-Azerbaijani.
Lezi zinhlanzi azinawo umehluko okhethekile wangaphandle phakathi kwazo. Ukuphela kwento ebahlukanisayo yindawo yabo yokuhlala (kokubili olwandle futhi maqondana nemifula abangena kuyo).
Sekukonke, uVobla uphila cishe iminyaka eyi-10. ngalesi sikhathi, iya kuzala izikhathi ezingama-5-6. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ubeka amaqanda amancane afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-30. Ngemuva kwalokho, umzimba wenhlanzi ulahlekelwa isisindo kangangokuthi ngaphandle ubukeka umncane ngokuphindwe kabili kunekhanda.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: UFrederick Omkhulu waba ngowokuqala ukwazisa i-vobla njengesidlwana sikabhiya. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho i-roach ibhekwa njengelungile kule ndaba futhi isiphenduke uphawu lokudla okulula kwebhiya.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-roach
Njengoba i-roach ne-roach kuvame ukudideka, umuntu kufanele acacise ngokushesha umehluko wabo obalulekile: i-roach inkulu kakhulu. Ubude bomuntu omdala bungu-30-40 cm, kanti isisindo singu-0.6-0.7 kg, yize abanye bengafinyelela ku-1 kg. Umzimba wezinhlanzi uthambile, kepha izinhlangothi zihlala zigqamile. Ngemuva kwe-roach, i-hump encane ibonakala kahle, kepha ngemuva kwe-roach kucabalele impela. Isikali sincane futhi siqine kakhulu emzimbeni.
Phezulu, umbala wezikali umnyama kakhulu, ukhumbuza abamnyama. Kepha phansi, kancane kancane iqala ukunikeza ithoni yesiliva eyengeziwe. Ikhanda le-vobla lincane, umlomo nawo ubekwe phansi. Iris yeso le-vobla isiliva noma i-orange. Amachashazi amnyama abonakala ngokusobala aphawulwe ngenhla komfundi.
Wonke amaphiko e-vobla makhulu, ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele. Isiphetho se-caudal senziwe ngo-V, sehlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezilinganayo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi ezifanayo, umphetho we-caudal we-vobla ubonakala usontekile kancane.
Yonke imiphetho ye-roach ine-tint ebomvu ebomvu nokuhlangana okumnyama onqenqemeni. I-anal fin yinde kakhulu. Konke lokhu kuhlukanisa i-vobla ne-roach, okuvame ukudideka ngayo. Uma wazi konke ubuqili, khona-ke uzokwazi ukuhlukanisa kalula i-vobla. Lokho wukuthi, yize kuyisihlobo esiseduze se-roach, ngeke kube nzima ukuwahlukanisa komunye nomunye, sazi imithetho embalwa elula.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-vobla enkulu kunazo zonke erekhodiwe inesisindo esingu-850 gram.
Uhlala kuphi uvobla?
Isithombe: Vobla emanzini
IVobla ngumfula nolwandle. Ngokuya ngohlobo, indawo yezinhlanzi nayo izokwehluka. Kuyahluka futhi kuye ngesizini. I-sea vobla, lapho izala, ihlangana eduze nogu loLwandle lweCaspian. Ngendlela, ibizwa nangokuthi iqonde ngqo.
UMfula (indawo yokuhlala) uhlala endaweni eyodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kepha uma izala, iya ekujuleni, lapho imbozwa khona amafinyila, avikela ngokuthembekile kwi-hypothermia. Kulula ukuhlukanisa olwandle - lukhulu kunomfula owodwa, futhi lufinyelela ku-40 cm (no-1 kg).
Ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, i-sea vobla iqala ukuhlangana ngemihlambi emikhulu futhi kancane kancane ifudukele emlonyeni womfula, oseduze nendawo abahlala kuyo. Isiginali yokuqala kokufuduka ukufudumala kwamanzi abe ngaphezu kwama-8 degrees Celsius.
Ukubeka amaqanda, i-vobla ikhetha indawo eminyene kakhulu. Lokhu kungaba ngumhlanga noma esinye isitshalo. Ehlobo, i-vobla iqala ukulungiselela ngenkuthalo ubusika obuzayo, inyuse amafutha ayo. Njengomthetho, ngalesi sikhathi udonsela ekujuleni okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-5.
IVobla incamela ukuchitha ubusika buduze nolwandle ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlanzi zikhetha imigodi ejulile, eqinisekisiwe ukuthi ingafrizi ngisho nasemakhazeni amabi kakhulu. Lapho, i-vobla imbozwe ungqimba olujiyile nolugqinsi lwamafinyila, oluyivikela ngokuthembekile ekuqothukeni komzimba. Lapho uchitha ubusika bonke, esesimweni phakathi kokulala nokuphaphama. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanzi ayidli lutho ebusika bonke.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Cishe eminyakeni engama-30 eyedlule (ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s) i-vobla yayinesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-180 amagremu, futhi manje leli nani lehle lafika kuma-gramu ayi-140.
Manje uyazi ukuthi inhlanzi ye-vobla itholakala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Udlani uVobla?
Isithombe: Fish vobla
Ingxenye esenyakatho yoLwandle iCaspian iyindawo ekahle ye-roach. Ngaphezu kokujula okungabaluleki kakhulu, kukhona nenani elanele lokudla kwe-roach. I-vobla iphakela ngokwe-heterotrophically. Yinhlanzi edla inyama nayo ephila ngokudla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezinokuhamba okuncane.
Izikelemu, ama-crustaceans nama-molluscs ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu yi-vobla. Yilolu hlobo lokudla okunomsoco olunomthelela ekukhuleni okusheshayo, kanye nokwanda kwenani lamafutha omzimba. Ngakho-ke, ukudla okugcwele kwe-roach kunconyelwa kakhulu kusihlwa sezulu esibandayo.
Kepha kwesinye isikhathi angahlala futhi ekudleni okususelwa ezitshalweni. Uma izimo zempilo ziphoqelelwa, kungadla ulwelwe ukugcina impilo. Ngokwesilinganiso, izingxenye ezahlukahlukene ezingama-40 zingahlukaniswa ekudleni kwe-vobla.
Uma izimo zinzima kakhulu, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zingondla gazinga lezinye izinhlanzi, kepha ngokwemvelo lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Emifuleni, i-roach encane incintisana ikakhulukazi nokudla nezingane ze-bream ne-carp, njengoba nazo zithanda ama-cyclops, i-daphnia, i-rotifers.
Ngokusho kwabaningi, i-vobla iyinhlanzi ekhiqiza omnivorous. Ukudla kufaka imikhiqizo eminingi ehlukene, kepha uma kunokukhetha, i-vobla iyohlala ikhetha ukudla kwezilwane ukutshala. Ngaphandle kwalokhu okugcina, angakwenza ngaphandle kokulimala nakancane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Vobla eRussia
Ama-Voblas akhetha ukuhlala emaceleni amakhulu. Kepha phakathi nenqubo yokufuduka, bavame ukuhlangana ezikoleni zezinhlanzi ezinkulu, njenge-bream. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukukusindisa kusuka ku-pike noma ku-walleye. Ngaphezu kokuphepha, indawo enjalo nayo iyasiza - i-vobla ingadla okushiya i-bream ezansi. Ihlobo nekwindla vobla ngokuphelele olwandle. Lapho uzondla ngenkuthalo ukuthola inani elifanele lamafutha ngaphambi kokulala ubusika.
Yize ngokuvamile imikhuba nokuziphatha kwe-vobla kunengqondo futhi kungaguquguquki, ngeke kwenzeke ukuqagela ngokunembile umzila ogudla umfula. Isizathu ukuthi kuncike kakhulu ekushiseni kwamanzi, izinga lokugeleza nokujula. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ubunzima obuthile kwesinye isikhathi buvela lapho abadobi befuna ukunquma izindawo zokuzalela i-roach. Kodwa uma uyigcina iminyaka eminingana, ungabona ukuthambekela okuthile ekuthutheleni kwezicathulo ze-roach.
Uma umuntu engafinyeleli ebudaleni bokuvuthwa ngokocansi noma engazalanga kulo nyaka, khona-ke awushiyi indawo yawo ejwayelekile futhi akangeni emibhedeni yemifula, ehlala olwandle unyaka wonke. I-vobla ingena eziteshini zemifula ngokukhethekile lapho izala khona.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inqama ye-Azov, njenge-roach yaseSiberia, kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi i-vobla. Akulungile! Eqinisweni, i-vobla itholakala kuphela oLwandle iCaspian.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Vobly
Isikhathi sokuhlangana se-roach siqala ngokushesha nje lapho ukufudumala kwenzeka, okungukuthi, entwasahlobo. Ukuphela kuka-Ephreli yisikhathi esifanelekile. Ama-roaches avuthiwe ngokocansi abamba iqhaza kulokhu. Njengoba kunje, basondela eminyakeni emibili yokuphila, lapho befika cishe ku-8 cm ubude. Ukuze insikazi izale amaqanda amaningi, kufanele ibe nkulu. Kungakho abesilisa beqala ukubamba iqhaza esikhathini sokukhwelana ngonyaka ngaphambi kwezinsikazi. Ngokuzayo, owesifazane angaphuthelwa iminyaka engu-1-2, kepha owesilisa ubamba iqhaza emidlalweni yokukhwelana minyaka yonke.
Lapho inhlanzi isizalela, iyeka ukudla. Kancane kancane, umzimba wakhe uya ngokuya uncipha. Amandla avela ngokuphelele ezitolo ezinamafutha. I-vobla izoqala ukudla ngokujwayelekile kuphela uma kuphela isikhathi sokukhwelana. Izinsikazi zithunyelwa ohambweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kepha ngokuzayo abesilisa bazobafica bese bebafica, ngakho-ke bazofinyelela kwelitshe kusenesikhathi. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda bese zibuyela olwandle ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ubuyisele ngokushesha amandla namafutha asetshenzisiwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bavundisa amaqanda futhi babuyele emuva.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, i-vobla iyashintsha ikakhulukazi ekubukekeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezigaba ezi-2. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhwelana, i-vobla imbozwe ngohlobo lwamafinyila asiliva, ukuze ibonakale kakhudlwana. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuvela izigaxa ekhanda, neziqu ezinameva zivela esikalini. Ukulahleka kwesisindo okusebenzayo kuholela ekutheni ikhanda libe likhulu kakhulu ekugcineni kokuzala lapho ligqama kakhulu emzimbeni. Usayizi weqanda awudluli imilimitha. Kakade ezinsukwini zokuqala, iqala ukukhula ngamandla. Ngemuva kwesonto, izibungu ziyaqanduselwa, ezizodosa ngokushesha bese ziya nabazali bazo olwandle. Lapho zizovuthwa, zikhuluphale kuze kufike isikhathi sokuthomba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Vobla, lapho isanda kungeniswa ogwini, iqala ukukhipha into ekhethekile, abaningi abayithatha ngephunga elifana nobhiya omuncu.
Izitha zemvelo zerach
Isithombe: Fish vobla
IVobla, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isidalwa emvelweni, ibhekene nezingozi eziningi kuzo zonke izinyathelo. Umuntu uba enye yezingozi ezinkulu zezinhlanzi namuhla. Kungenxa yakhe ukuthi inani lezinhlanzi nezilwane eziningi lincishiswe kakhulu, futhi ibhalansi yemvelo iphazamiseka.
Uma sikhuluma ngezinye izingozi, i-vobla, njengezinye izinhlanzi ezincane, ibhajwe emanzini yizilwane ezizingelayo. IVobla kalula ingaba yinto yokubamba izinhlanzi eziphakathi noma ezinkulu. Izinhlanzi zisengozini yokuhlaselwa ngesikhathi sokuzala. Lapho engena emilonyeni yemifula emaceleni amakhulu, izilwane aziphikisi ukuzuza kuye lapho, ezingena ngqo emanzini futhi zibambe kalula abesifazane, zithola amaqanda angeziwe ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukuzelekela abahlaseli, i-vobla ivame ukuhlangana nezikole zezinye izinhlanzi. Yize zincane izingozi zalolu hlobo olwandle, akukho okuncane okusongela - ama-seagulls. Bahlwitha izinhlanzi emanzini nje, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuba i-roach ibaleke.
Enye inkinga ye-roach yizinambuzane. Abahlali bamanzi olwandle kuphela abanazo, kepha kulabo abangena emifuleni, lokhu kuvame ukuba yinto eyenzekayo. Izikelemu, izibungu - zithelela izitho ezahlukahlukene zenhlanzi, zilimaza kakhulu izinga lempilo yayo. Izinhlanzi ezinjalo ngokuzayo nazo ziba yingozi kubantu. Ukuze usebenzise ukudla okubanjiwe, kubalulekile ukukubeka ekwelashweni ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inhlanzi iyingozi kumnikazi.
Yize uvame ukuthola ukuthi izinhlanzi zisongelwa ngenxa yokudoba kwabantu, okusebenza kahle ngesikhathi sokuzala, empeleni, izinkinga ze-roach ezivela emvelweni uqobo zinkulu kakhulu. Imimoya nemvula kunamandla kakhulu entwasahlobo. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni kugcwale imifula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-vobla, ingena ekujuleni okunjalo, ayinaso isikhathi sokubuyela ezindaweni ezijulile, kepha amanzi ahamba ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, inhlanzi imane ihlale emhlabathini futhi ibe yizisulu ezilula zezilwane ezidlula lapho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi i-vobla uqobo lwayo imane iphonswe emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emanzini angajulile akukho ndawo eyanele yemihlambi emikhulu kangaka bese kuthi abanye abantu bamane bengenakwenza okunye.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-roach
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ukudoba kuye kwasakazeka ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu bonke. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekho mathuba amaningi njengamanje: ukuntuleka kwenani elanele lemishini yezinga elifanele, izinga eliphezulu lobugebengu - konke lokhu akuzange kube nomthelela ekuhambeleni kaningi olwandle amabanga amade. Ngokwesizinda sakho konke lokhu, lezo zinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezazingabanjwa ngaphandle kobunzima, ngaphandle kohambo olude, zaziswa kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-vobla yaqala ukwaziswa - inhlanzi kuyo yonke indawo, okwakungelula ukuyibamba. Kwesinye isikhathi kwakungadingeki ukuthi kwenziwe umsebenzi - i-vobla imvamisa yayimane iziphonse ogwini futhi okusele nje ukuyiqoqa.
Isikhathi sihambile futhi kancane kancane ukunakwa okukhethekile kwe-vobla kwaheha osomabhizinisi abasebenza kule ndawo. Izinhlanzi zazivame ukubanjwa ngamanethi, ziye olwandle noma zisebenzise isikhathi lapho izinhlanzi zizalela khona. UVobla wayehlale ebanjwa kanye nehering. Kepha eyokugcina yaya emifuleni phambilini, ngakho-ke ukuyizingela kwaqala ekuqaleni. I-caviar ivame ukuthengiswa ngokwehlukana. Ihlukaniswe nesidumbu sezinhlanzi futhi ivalelwe embizeni. Izidumbu ngokwazo zinikeza izinkulungwane eziyi-100-300. Kugcizelelwa ukulungisa izinhlanzi ukuze zigcinwe isikhathi eside. Yingakho ukudla okusemathinini, ukubhema nokomisa kuthandwa kangaka. Muva nje, inani le-vobla belilikhulu kakhulu kangangokuba bekungekho nzima ukulibamba ngobuningi, ngenkathi lingesabi ukuphela kwalo. IVobla ihlala oLwandle iCaspian nasendaweni esezansi yeVolga.
Kule minyaka embalwa edlule, inani le-roach lehle ngaphezu kwezikhathi eziyi-6. Ngenxa yalokhu, abezemvelo bakhala i-alamu futhi beshayela ukuvikela lolu hlobo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uma lo mkhuba ungashintshi ube ngcono, i-vobla kungekudala izofakwa eRed Book. Ukukhulisa isibalo, babevame ukuqala ukuzala i-vobla ngokungeyikho, ngemuva kwalokho abantu abadala sebadedelwa emifuleni nasolwandle. Lokhu kwenziwa izinhlangano ezikhethekile, okuthi ngasikhathi sinye zishayele ukukhawula isibalo sabantu ababanjiwe. Okwamanje, ayikho imikhawulo kulokhu. IVobla ayibanjwa ngokungalawuleki hhayi ngamanethi kuphela, kepha nangezandla, amanetha. Lokhu akunzima ukukwenza lapho inhlanzi izalela.
Maye, ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zezinhlanzi, abadobi bazama ukuthatha ubuningi, lapho inani liqhubeka nokwehla ngesivinini esikhulu. Uma ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zikhiqizwa ngenkuthalo ezindaweni zokugcina ukuze zilondoloze izinhlobo, ngakho-ke azikho lezo zenzo ezithathwa maqondana ne-roach. Kepha noma kunjalo, le nkinga ingaxazululwa kuphela maqondana nokudoba. Ungaziphunguli izitha zemvelo ze-roach, nazo ezinomthelela ekwehleni kwabantu. Eminyakeni yakamuva, kuncane okunye ukudla ekudalweni, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi izitha zemvelo, izilwane, zingabi yingozi kangako ku-roach kunabantu.
Vobla Ingabe inhlanzi edumile kulo lonke elaseRussia eyaziwa yilowo nalowo mdobi. Yinhlanzi emnandi futhi ebonakalayo, ejwayelekile emanzini amasha nasasawoti. Kepha ukuze kulondolozwe inani labantu bayo, kuzodingeka ukukhawulela ukudoba noma ukwenza ukuzalaniswa okungeziwe kokufakelwa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/04/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 28.09.2019 ngo-12: 06
