Umnenke wamagilebhisi elinye lama-gastropods avame kakhulu asemhlabeni atholakala ezindaweni zethu. Lezi zidalwa zitholakala yonke indawo, iminenke ihlala ezihlahleni eziluhlaza emahlathini nasemapaki, ezingadini nasezivandeni zemifino. Le minenke iqine kakhulu, izala ngokushesha futhi kalula igcwalise izindawo ezinkulu. Iminenke yamagilebhisi ithathwa njengeminenke emikhulu kunayo yonke etholakala eYurophu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lezi zilwane bezidliwa, kwazise lezi zimvukuzane bezihlale zitholakala, nenyama yazo ilusizo kakhulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Umnenke wamagilebhisi
UHelix pomatia noma umnenke wamagilebhisi uyinkumba yasendle eyingxenye yesigaba sama-gastropods, ukuhleleka kweziqu, umndeni wama-cholicides. Uhlobo lweHelix luhlobo lomnenke wamagilebhisi kaHelix pomatia. Futhi futhi okudumile lo mnenke ubizwa ngokuthi umnenke we-Apple noma umnenke we-Apple, umnenke wenyanga noma umnenke waseBurgundy. Iminenke iphakathi kwezidalwa zasendulo emhlabeni.
Ngisho nangesikhathi seCretaceous sesikhathi seMesozoic, iminenke isivele ihlala ezweni lethu. Izinsalela ezindala zabamele ama-gastropods zineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-99 ubudala. Izinsalela zitholakale eBurma lapho kumbiwa inhlaka. I-mollusk yasendulo yagcina ngisho nezicubu ezithambile, ngenxa yokuthi umnenke wangena ku-amber futhi awukwazanga ukuphuma kuwo.
Ividiyo: Umnenke wamagilebhisi
UHelix pomatia wachazwa okokuqala yisazi semvelo saseSweden uKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758. Umnenke wamagilebhisi uthathwa njengomnenke omkhulu kunayo yonke eYurophu, ubukhulu begobolondo lomuntu omdala bufinyelela ku-46 mm, ububanzi begobolondo bufinyelela ku-47 mm. Umuntu omdala angaba nesisindo esingafika kumagremu angama-45. Umnenke wamagilebhisi yi-gastropod mollusc enkulu kusuka ku-oda eline-stalk.
Umzimba we-mollusk awulingani. Ikhanda lichazwe kahle. Ikhanda linezimbili zamatende kanye neso. Igobolondo ligobile ngendlela yokuvunguza futhi linamajika ama-4,5. Umbala womnenke wamagilebhisi umfaniswano ophuzi nowolintshi. Le mollusk iphefumula umoya ngosizo lwamaphaphu. I-Pneumatic - imbobo encane yokuphefumula itholakala phakathi kwemiphetho yengubo futhi ivuleka njalo ngeminithi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umnenke wamagilebhisi
Iminenke yamagilebhisi mikhulu kakhulu. Igobolondo lomuntu omdala linobubanzi obungu-3,5 kuya ku-6 cm Imollusk ibekwa kugobolondo lilonke. Emzimbeni we-mollusk, umlenze nenhloko kuyabonakala, ekhanda kunamehlo amabili nama-tentacles. Izitho zangaphakathi zivikelwe ngengubo, kanti ingxenye yale ngubo ibonakala ngaphandle. Ubude bomzimba busuka ku-3.5 kuye ku-5.5 cm.Umzimba unwebeka, okusho ukuthi umnenke ungalulwa ngokuqinile, umbala womzimba uyefana nogobolondo, imvamisa uphuzi ngombala onsundu noma onsundu nge-beige.
Umzimba wonke womnenke umbozwe ngokulinganayo nemibimbi, futhi abantu abaningi banephethini emzimbeni. Amaconsi omswakama agcinwa kumbimbi emlenzeni. Igobolondo likhulu, ligobile ngendlela yokuvunguza, futhi linamajika angama-4-5. Igobolondo limise okwediski, lisontekile kwesokudla, liphuzi nsundu ngombala. Ngobude bonke bezingodo ezintathu zokuqala zamagobolondo, kunemivimbo engu-5 elula nemivimbo emihlanu emnyama.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoUmbala weminenke yamagilebhisi ungahluka ngokuya ngokudla kwabo. Kukhona ama-tente amabili ekhanda lomnenke ngenhla komlomo. Izindwangu ze-Labial zifushane, zisuka ku-2 kuye ku-4.5 mm. I-eye tentacles ubude obungu-1 kuye ku-2.2 cm. Amehlo atholakala ezintendeni zamehlo. Iminenke inamehlo angaboni kahle, bayakwazi ukubona izinto ebangeni elingu-1 cm kuphela emehlweni emollusk. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke iminenke iyimibala engaboni, ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala - lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wonke ama-receptors abhekele umbono anombala owodwa wesithombe.
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi somnenke wamagilebhisi siyefana neseminye iminenke. Uhlelo lokugaya luqukethe i-ectodermal foregut kanye ne-ectodermal middle. Umnenke uphefumula ngamaphaphu awo. Inhliziyo izungezwe i-pericardium futhi iqukethe i-ventricle ne-atrium yesobunxele. Inhliziyo iphampa igazi elingenambala. Isistimu yezinzwa inezinombolo eziningana zezinzwa.
Iminenke ihamba kancane, isebenzisa imilenze. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, umnenke udonsa imisipha yomlenze bese ushibilika phezulu, ulokhu uphusha kuwo. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, kukhishwa i-mucus ekhethekile ewuketshezi, eyehlisa ukungqubuzana. Umnenke ushelela kalula kumafinyila. Kulokhu, umnenke ubambeke ngokuqinile ebusweni, ngakho-ke ungakhasa kalula njengokungathi uvundlile. Ngakho-ke kuqonde mpo. Iminenke iphila isikhathi esanele. Endle, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kweminenke yamagilebhisi yiminyaka engu-6-8, noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi baphila isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kuneminenke ephila iminyaka engama-25-30.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Iminenke iyakwazi ukuvuselelwa, ngokulahleka kwengxenye yomzimba wayo, umnenke uyakwazi ukuyibuyisela emasontweni ambalwa nje.
Uhlala kuphi umnenke wamagilebhisi?
Isithombe: Umnenke wamagilebhisi eRussia
Ekuqaleni, le minenke idabuka eYurophu Ephakathi neseNingizimu-Mpumalanga. Namuhla, indawo yokuhlala yalezi mollusks ibanzi ngokwedlulele, iminenke isabalale kulo lonke elaseYurophu, e-Australia nayo ilethwe eNingizimu Melika. Abantu bathanda ukugcina le minenke njengezilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba lokhu kutholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Iminenke izala ngokushesha okukhulu, iletha inzalo enkulu, futhi ihlale kalula ezindaweni ezintsha. Abantu bavame ukuzalela iminenke ngokungahluzi ngokukhipha amaqanda amaningi. Iminenke emi-2 kuphela engaletha inzalo eningi kakhulu kangangokuba ibhubhisa yonke imifino engadini encane. Ngenxa yokonakaliswa kwamasimu atshaliwe emazweni amaningi, ukungeniswa kweminenke yamagilebhisi akuvunyelwe.
Endle, lezi zimvuvane zivame ukuhlala emadlelweni, emahlathini lapho kunezitshalo eziningi ezimboze inhlabathi, emapaki naseziqiwini. Futhi iminenke yamagilebhisi ithanda ukuhlala ezingadini nasezingadini zezithelo ezinenhlabathi ye-limestone noma ye-chalk. Into esemqoka ngeminenke ukuba khona kwezimila eziluhlaza okotshani. Ikakhulukazi, iminenke yalolu hlobo ihlasela umvini, idla amaqabunga amakhulu amagilebhisi, abizwa ngawo ngegama lawo. Ezingadini, le minenke ilimaza izimila ngokudla amaqabunga.
Iminenke yamagilebhisi ithanda isimo sezulu esiswakeme nesipholile. Abathandi ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo, emini bacasha elangeni ngaphansi kwamahlamvu namatshe. Ebusuku, bakhasa ngokuthula phezu kwezitshalo, bedla amaqabunga. Iminenke ilala endaweni eyodwa lapho ihlala khona icashe phakathi kwamatshe, ezimpandeni zezihlahla nakwezinye izindawo ezifihliwe zasebusika ziwela emifanekisweni emisiwe. Zingahlala lapho izinyanga ezi-5.
Udlani umnenke wamagilebhisi?
Isithombe: Umnenke omkhulu wamagilebhisi
Iminenke yamagilebhisi yizitshalo ezidliwayo. Badla kakhulu amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani.
Ukudla kweminenke yamagilebhisi kufaka:
- idandelion;
- i-burdock;
- amaqabunga amagilebhisi;
- amaqabunga e-sitrobheli;
- lungwort;
- iklabishi;
- isaladi;
- i-sorrel;
- amaqabunga ama-horseradish;
- amahlamvu ka ulethisi;
- amaqabunga okusajingijolo;
- imbabazane nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-30 zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene;
- imifino nezithelo.
Iminenke nayo idinga nosawoti we-calcium ukwakha amagobolondo ayo, futhi itshe le- limestone lingadliwa endle. Azideleli i-humus, equkethe amaminerali ahlukahlukene. Ekuthunjweni, kubalulekile ukunikeza iminenke izithako ezikhethekile zamaminerali.
Iminenke yasekhaya iphiwa izithelo nemifino. Iminenke ithanda ama-apula, i-zucchini, ubhanana, ama-beet, ukhukhamba, amathanga, amakhabe, amazambane, ama-radishes. Futhi ubalekele imifino, amaqabunga edandelion, isithombo sebhitrudi nesiqongo, amaqabunga ezitshalo. Lapho usuthisa iminenke equkethwe ku-terrarium, ukudla kusikwa kube yizicucu ezincane kakhulu. Isinkwa esimanzisiwe sibhekwa njengokwelashwa okukhethekile kweminenke, kepha kungcono ukusinikeza ngamanani amancane kuphela njengokudla okuhambisanayo. Izinsalela zokudla okonakele ziyasuswa, ngaphandle kwalokho iminenke ingafakwa ubuthi. Izinkukhu zihlala zilambile, futhi azinawo umuzwa wokugcwala, ngakho-ke udinga ukunikeza ukudla ngezingxenyana ezincane. Kungcono ukungawondli umnenke kunokuwudlisa ngokweqile.
Manje usuyayazi indlela yokondla iminenke yakho yamagilebhisi. Ake sibone ukuthi bahlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Umnenke wamagilebhisi emvelweni
Umnenke wamagilebhisi uyisilwane esizolile, esihamba kancane esihola impilo yokuhlala phansi. Ukuzinza ezindaweni ezinomswakama, izama ukuhlala phakathi kwamahlathi ashisayo nezihlahla, lapho imisebe yelanga ekhanyayo ingangeni khona. Ngesikhathi sasemini, ingacasha ngaphansi kwamatshe nangaphansi komthunzi wezitshalo. Umnenke uhlala egobolondweni lawo cishe usuku lonke. Ekushoneni kwelanga, bakhasa buthule otshanini badle cishe sonke isikhathi. Iminenke iyayithanda imvula kakhulu, ngemuva kwemvula ithanda ukukhasa otshanini obumanzi obushelelayo. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, le mollusk iwela kudoti, ngalesi sikhathi umnenke uba yindlala, ungena egobolondweni lawo bese unamathisela emnyango wayo ngefilimu esobala.
Iminenke ihamba kancane, ijubane eliphezulu lokuhamba komnenke lingu-7 cm ngomzuzu. ebusika. Ekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehlela ku-17-12'C, umnenke ulala ubusuku bonke. Ifukamela emgodini okhethekile ombiwe phansi ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ayisi-5 kuya ku-10. Umnenke uzimbela wona enhlabathini. Iminenke ingahlala ku-animation emisiwe kuze kube izinyanga ezingama-5 ngalesi sikhathi, yehla isisindo esikhulu, ngemuva kokuvuka, umnenke ubuyela esimeni sayo esivamile emasontweni ambalwa. Ngokuvuka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ingamelana nomthelela wamazinga okushisa amabi okwesikhashana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Igobolondo lomnenke linamandla amakhulu, likwazi ukumelana nengcindezi efinyelela ku-12.5kg. Umnenke uzimbela phansi buthule ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphihlizwa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umnenke wamagilebhisi eBelarus
Ukuthomba kwiminenke yamagilebhisi kwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-1-1.5. Iminenke inezintaba eziningana zokuzalela, eyokuqala entwasahlobo ngemuva nje kokuvuka ebusika busika ekupheleni kukaMashi-Juni. Isikhathi sesibili sokuzalisa senzeka ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ngesikhathi somkhuba wokuqomisana, umnenke ukhasa kancane esiyingini, kwesinye isikhathi uphakamise ingaphambili lomzimba wawo. Ima ngokungathi ifuna umuntu.
Lapho kutholakala ipheya leminenke, ziqala ukwelula enye phezu kwenye, zizwisane ngezihibe, bese zithinta amathe azo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, iminenke iwela phezulu ingaphansi kwayo icindezelwe esimweni esinjalo, zihlala zinganyakazi cishe imizuzu eyi-15. Kamuva, umdlalo wokukhwelana uphinde uqaliswe kuze kube yilapho omunye weminenke unamathela kwesinye isitho sangasese. Ngesikhathi sokulingisa, yomibili iminenke ingabesilisa nabesifazane. Ngemuva kokuhlangana, iminenke isakazeka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, umnenke uthola ama-spermophones, angawagcina unyaka wonke, ize ithole izimo ezinhle zokubeka amaqanda.
Ngokubeka amaqanda, umnenke wenza i-clutch ngokumba umgodi ojule ngo-5-10 cm, kuthi kamuva, uhlanganise inhlabathi, wakhe izindonga zendawo yokukhosela. Kwesinye isikhathi imikhuba yenziwa ezindaweni zokukhosela zemvelo, ngokwesibonelo, eduze kwama-rhizomes ezitshalo. Ngasikhathi, amaqanda angama-40 anombala wamaparele asesibambini. Ukubeka amaqanda eminenke kunzima impela, futhi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yeminenke iyafa ngemuva kokushiya inzalo. Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha cishe inyanga. Iminenke echanyuselwa eqandeni ngamakhophi amancane omuntu omdala. Zinegobolondo elibushelelezi futhi elisobala elinama-curls angu-1.5 kuphela. Ngosuku lwe-10, iminenke emincane ishiya isidleke sayo iphumele ngaphandle iyofuna ukudla.
Izitha zemvelo zeminenke yamagilebhisi
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umnenke wamagilebhisi
Iminenke izidalwa ezingenakho ukuzivikela izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye ezithanda ukuzitika ngazo.
Izitha zemvelo zeminenke yamagilebhisi zifaka:
- izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezidlayo ezifana namabhungane, izimpukane, amakhilikithi, ama-millipedes
- ama-hedgehogs;
- izibhamu;
- amagundane;
- amasele;
- amaxoxo;
- izibankwa;
- izinyoni;
- ama-weasel nezinye izidumbu eziningi.
Futhi iminenke yamagilebhisi ingahlaselwa yizinhlobo ezidlayo zeminenke. Izilwane ezidla ezinye zingaluma kalula igobolondo eliqinile, noma zimunce umnenke endaweni yayo yokukhosela. Amabhungane nezinambuzane eziningi zingakhasa ngaphakathi kwegobolondo ngembobo yokuphefumula ezibambe ngokungazelele. Futhi iminenke ivame ukukhunjulwa yizibungu ezincane ezahlukahlukene.
Iminenke ingathelela izilwane ezifuywayo nemfuyo ngezifo eziphila ngokudla iminenke. Ngaphandle kwezilwane zasendle, abantu basebenzisa iminenke ekudleni. Emazweni amaningi, iminenke ifuyelwa ukudliwa. Inyama yeminenke yamagilebhisi inomsoco kakhulu, iqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni, uvithamini B12.
Iminenke yamagilebhisi nayo ijwayele ukungena emikhuhlaneni, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuphuma ebusika, ingamelana namakhaza, kodwa isikhashana, ibambe amakhaza ngokushesha uma ingafihli endaweni yokukhosela ngesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminenke ayikubekezeleli ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo; ngesikhathi sesomiso bazama ukucasha emthunzini. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokwakhiwa kwamadolobha kuthinta kabi inani labantu leminenke yamagilebhisi, njengoba iminenke incishwa kanjalo izindawo zokuhlala ezijwayelekile.
Isimo kanye nenani labantu bohlobo
Isithombe: Umnenke wamagilebhisi
Ukuncika ekuhlaziyweni kwe-morphological kwenani labantu baseHelix pomatia ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga naseningizimu yebanga labo, ezenziwa ososayensi u-E.A. Senegin. no-Artemichuk O.Yu. inani lalezi zinhlobo okwamanje alikho engozini. Ukuhlaziywa, isimo samachibi wezakhi zofuzo acishe abe ngamashumi amabili ahlukahlukene womnenke wamagilebhisi safundwa ngendlela yeprotheni gel electrophoresis. Ngokuya ngemininingwane etholwe ngenkathi kwenziwa ucwaningo, inani lalezi zinhlobo alisongelwa namuhla. Ngisho nasezimeni zokufuduka emadolobheni, lawa ma-molluscs azizwa emuhle futhi ayakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha. Kunzima kakhulu ukulandela inani leminenke yamagilebhisi, ngoba indawo yokuhlala ibanzi, futhi iminenke iphila impilo efihlekile.
Kuyaziwa kuphela ukuthi izinhlobo ziningi kakhulu futhi azidingi ukuvikelwa okukhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminenke yamagilebhisi ivame ukukhuliswa ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni nasemapulazini akhethekile. Lezi zinhlanzi zidayiswa njengezilwane ezifuywayo nasezitolo nasezitolo zokudlela njengokudla. Kwezolimo, iminenke yamagilebhisi ibhekwa njengezilokazane, ngoba ingadla amahlamvu ezitshalo ezitshaliwe futhi ithelele izilwane ngezifo eziyingozi zezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi bazama ukuqeda lezi zinhlanzi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Umnenke wamagilebhisi ukuzola okukhulu, kuhola indlela yokuphila ezolile futhi elinganisiwe. Bangachitha impilo yabo yonke cishe endaweni eyodwa. Iminenke yamagilebhisi izidalwa ezimangalisayo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukuzibuka. Njengoba usuthole lezi zingulube ekhaya, ungahlala umangazwa yimikhuba nemikhuba yazo ethokozisayo. Ekuthunjweni, iminenke yenza kahle, futhi iphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezihlobo zasendle.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: unyaka we-02.08.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 28.09.2019 ngo-11: 40
