Agama - izibankwa ezikhanyayo ezinesimo esinokuthula. Bachitha isikhathi esiningi sosuku bethamela ilanga elishisayo lase-Afrika. Bazwana kahle nabantu, ngakho-ke bajwayelekile njengezilwane ezifuywayo - yize kungelula kangako ukunakekela ama-agama, abukeka ekhanya kakhulu futhi exotic, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, namanje ayisiyona ingwenya, futhi badinga ukudla okuncane.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Agama
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi se-Devoni, kwavela ama-vertebrate okuqala omhlaba - ngaphambili abizwa ngokuthi ama-stegocephals, manje abhekwa njengeqembu elixakile, elihlanganiswe ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile le-labyrinthodonts. Lezi zilwane zazihlala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi futhi zanda emanzini. Kancane kancane, ezihuquzelayo zaqala ukukhula kuzo, ezikwazi ukuhlala kude namanzi - lokhu kwakudinga ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezinhlelo eziningi emzimbeni. Umzimba walezi zilwane kancane kancane wathola ukuvikeleka ekuqothulweni, baqala ukuhamba kangcono emhlabeni, bafunda ukuzala hhayi emanzini nokuphefumula ngosizo lwamaphaphu abo.
Ividiyo: Agama
Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi seCarboniferous, isixhumanisi sesikhashana savela - i-Seymuriamorphs, esivele inezici eziningi zezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Kancane kancane, kwavela amafomu amasha, akwazi ukusabalala ezindaweni eziningi ngokwengeziwe, imilenze yandiswa, amathambo nemisipha kwakhiwa kabusha. Kwavela amaCotylosaurs, kwabe sekuvela kuwo ama-diapsids, okwenza izidalwa eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Kuvela kubo ukuthi lawo anezikhala, okuyiwona ama-agama, avela. Ukuhlukaniswa kwabo kwenzeka ekupheleni kwesikhathi sePermian, futhi izinhlobo eziningi zakhiwa eCretaceous.
Ngasekugcineni kwayo, kwaba yizibankwa lapho kwavela khona izinyoka. Ukuvela kwegatsha, okwathi kamuva kwaholela kuma-agama, nako kungokwesikhathi esifanayo. Yize lolu hlobo uqobo lwalo lungabizwa ngokuthi oludala - yize imvelaphi yakudala ingahlotshaniswa ngokungazi nazo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo, empeleni izinhlobo eziningi zanamuhla zivele maduzane - ngamazinga e-paleontology. Uhlobo lwezibankwa ze-agama ezivela emindenini ye-agamic luchazwe ngo-1802 yi-FM. UDoden, igama lesiLatini elithi Agama, uhlobo lwe-agama ejwayelekile echazwe ngo-1758 nguKarl Linnaeus, igama elithi Agama agama.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Indlela i-agama ebukeka ngayo
Ubude bomzimba kanye nomsila emadodeni amadala kungahluka kakhulu - kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-40. Abesifazane ngokwesilinganiso bangaphansi kuka-6-10 cm.Izibankwa zinekhanda elifushane nomzimba oqinile, umsila omude. Izidladla ze-agama ziphela ngozipho olukhulu ngokuya ngosayizi womzimba. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwa ngomehluko ngosayizi kuphela: umbala nawo uhluke kakhulu. Abesilisa phakathi nesikhathi sokukhwelana banomzimba omnyama okwesibhakabhaka omnyama ones sheen yensimbi, futhi ikhanda lingamhlophe, liphuzi, liwolintshi noma libomvu ngokugqamile.
Kunomugqa omhlophe obonakalayo ngemuva. Umsila nawo uyakhanya, ezansi unombala ofanayo nomzimba, futhi ngasekugcineni uba umbala obomvu ocebile. Kepha konke lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Isikhathi esisele, umbala wabesilisa uyefana nowabesifazane: umzimba unsundu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi umnqumo - kuya ngemvelo, isibankwa sizama ukugqama kancane.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ubulili be-agama ejwayelekile buxhomeke ekushiseni lapho amaqanda akhule khona: uma bekungekho ngaphezu kuka-27 ° C, khona-ke iningi lamawundlu lizoba ngabesifazane, futhi uma izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngaphezulu kwalolu phawu, lapho-ke azoba ngabesilisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukungalingani okuphawulekayo kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuthi kwezinye izinhlobo ze-agama konke kungaba ngenye indlela, futhi lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele, ikakhulukazi abesifazane bayazalwa.
Uhlala kuphi u-agama?
Isithombe: Agama Lizard
Abamele umndeni we-agamic bangatholakala ku:
- Afrika;
- Asia;
- Australia;
- IYurophu.
Ziyakwazi ukuhlala ezimweni zezulu kusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo ziye endaweni efudumele futhi zivumelane nezimo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, ngakho-ke azitholakali ezindaweni ezibandayo kuphela, lapho izilwane ezihuquzelayo zingakwazi ukuhlala khona nhlobo ngenxa yegazi lazo elibandayo. Ungathola ama-agama ezingwadule, emaqeleni, emahlathini, ezintabeni, ngasogwini lwemizimba yamanzi. Ezinye zazo zisabalele naseRussia, ngokwesibonelo, ama-steppe agamas, ama-agamas aseCaucasus, i-variegated roundhead nezinye. Lezi zibankwa zizivumelanise kahle nesimo sezulu esipholile futhi zihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-Eurasia ngamanani amakhulu.
Kodwa izinhlobo ezivamile ze-agama azandile kangako. Zitholakala kuphela ezwenikazi elilodwa - i-Afrika, futhi kuphela eningizimu yeSahara Desert, kepha ngasikhathi sinye enyakatho neTropic of Capricorn. Ngaphezu kwamazwe ezwekazi, lezi zibankwa zihlala eziqhingini eziseduze - iMadagascar, iComoros neCape Verde. Ekuqaleni, ama-agama ayengatholakali kulezi ziqhingi, kepha abantu bawaletha lapho, futhi bawajwayela ngempumelelo - izimo zakhona zihluke kakhulu kunezwekazi, futhi ama-agama anezitha ezimbalwa kakhulu. Bahlala ikakhulu ema-savanna nase-steppes, kanye naphakathi kwesihlabathi solwandle, uma ungathola izihlahla, izihlahla namatshe aseduze.
Kamuva bangakhuphuka ngokushesha nangobuhlakani, bayakwazi nokukhuphuka odongeni oluphelele. Lezi zokugcina azivamile kangako kubo: ama-agama athambekele ekusondeleni kubantu. Zingahlala khona lapho ezindaweni zokuhlala noma endaweni eseduze. Ikakhulukazi kuneziningi zazo eNtshonalanga Afrika, lapho kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala ungabona lezi zibankwa zihleli ngqo ezindongeni nophahla lwezindlu futhi zishiswa yilanga. Kungenxa yalesi sici ukuthi ngesikhathi lapho ubuningi bezinye izilwane bancipha, futhi amanani abo ehla ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwamasimu asendle ngabantu, i-agama ichuma kakhulu. Ndawonye nomuntu, igcwele umhlaba omusha, ngaphambili owawunamahlathi amakhulu, futhi isakazeka kakhulu.
Ekuthunjweni, i-agama kufanele igcinwe ku-terrarium enkulu: okungenani u-120 cm ubude no-40 ububanzi nokuphakama, mhlawumbe ngaphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi umoya wangaphakathi womile futhi unomoya omuhle; kufakwe amatshe noma isihlabathi ngaphakathi. Ama-Agamas nawo adinga ukukhanya okuningi, kufaka phakathi ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet - iningi lonyaka wemvelo ngeke lanele. Ngaphakathi kwe-terrarium, kufanele kube nendawo epholile futhi eshisayo, eyokuqala inezindawo zokukhosela namanzi okuphuza, bese kuthi eyesibili iqukathe amatshe okuyothi isibankwa sizolala kuwo bese sibhaka kuwo. Futhi, i-terrarium kufanele iqukethe izinto azogibela kuzo, futhi aphile izitshalo. Ungafaka izibankwa eziningana ku-terrarium, kepha kufanele kube khona owesilisa oyedwa.
Manje usuyazi ukugcina i-agama ekhaya. Ake sibheke ukuthi uzondla ngani.
Idla ngani i-agama?
Isithombe: Bearded Agama
Imenyu ye-agama ifaka phakathi:
- izinambuzane;
- ama-vertebrate amancane;
- izithelo;
- izimbali
Izinambuzane yizisulu sazo esiyinhloko. Ama-Agama mancane kakhulu ukuthi angabamba izilwane ezinkulu, futhi kuyaqabukela ephumelela, futhi adinga izinambuzane eziningi, ngakho-ke ahlala ebheke cishe usuku lonke, elinde okuthile okumnandi azodlula ngakho. Iminyango iyabasiza ekugcineni inyamazane, futhi ulimi lwama-agama lufihla imfihlo enamathelayo - ngenxa yalo, bangadla nezinambuzane ezincane ezinjengomuhlwa noma izintuthwane, ngokumane bagijimise ulimi lwabo endaweni. Kwesinye isikhathi babamba ama-vertebrate amancane, kufaka phakathi ezinye ezihuquzelayo. Ukudla okunjalo kunomsoco impela, kepha udinga ukukuhlukanisa ngezimila - kuyaqabukela, kepha ama-agama abuyela kukho futhi. Izitshalo ziqukethe amavithamini abalulekile angakwazi ukuthola izibankwa ezidalweni eziphilayo, futhi zithuthukisa nokugaya ukudla. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, ukudla kwezitshalo kuyisici sezibankwa ezisencane, kepha ukudla kwabo kuqukethe kakhulu ukudla kwezilwane, nokutshala ama-akhawunti wokudla akweqi ngaphezu kwesihlanu.
Lapho kugcinwa i-agama yasekhaya, yondliwa ngemisundu yokudla, amaphela, amakhilikithi nezinye izinambuzane. Kulokhu engeza izithelo ezigayiwe kahle - ubhanana, amapheya, ama-apula, noma imifino - ukhukhamba, iklabishi, izaqathe. Ngasikhathi sinye, akufanele unikeze njalo into efanayo: uma ngabe kwakudlule utamatisi, ngesikhathi esizayo kufanele unikeze amaqabunga e-lettuce, bese kuba izaqathe, njalonjalo. Kwanele ukukudla kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa; ngemuva kokugcwaliswa, izinsalela zokudla kufanele zisuswe ukuze zingakudluli ngokweqile. Ngezikhathi ezithile, udinga ukufaka amanzi amancane amaminerali ophuzayo ukuze i-agama ithole amavithamini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izithako ezikhethekile zenziwa ekudleni - kepha akufanele futhi weqe ngokweqile, kanye ngenyanga kwanele.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Agama ngokwemvelo
I-agama iyasebenza emini, ngoba lezi zibankwa ziyalithanda ilanga. Ngemisebe yaso yokuqala, ziyashiya izindawo zazo zokukhosela bese ziqala ukubhuza. Izinsuku ezinelanga zimnandi kakhulu kubo: baphumela endaweni evulekile, ngokwesibonelo, edwaleni noma ophahleni lwendlu, futhi bathamele ilanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, umbala wazo uyakhanya kakhulu. Futhi ngisho namahora ashisa kakhulu, lapho ezinye izilwane eziningi zikhetha ukucasha ekushiseni, ama-agama ahlala elangeni uqobo: lesi isikhathi esihle kakhulu kubo. Kepha noma bengathola i-heatstroke futhi, ukuze bayigweme, bamboza amakhanda abo ngezidladla zabo futhi baphakamise umsila ngaphezu kwabo - kwakha isithunzi esincane. Ngisho nasendaweni ephumule kakhulu, ama-agama awakhohlwa ngokuzingela, kunalokho, agcwele amandla kakhulu futhi, lapho nje bebona isinambuzane sindiza esidlule, bayashesha ukulandela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yizibankwa zomhlaba, ezithanda ukuvikela impahla yazo, futhi egqumeni elivulekile akulula ukufudumeza nje kuphela, kepha nokuhlola indawo.
Ngokubona ukuthi kunomunye wesilisa oseduze, umnikazi wensimu uye kuye. Lapho ama-agama ehlangana, afaka amasaka omphimbo wawo, avuke ngemilenze yawo yangemuva bese eqala ukuzungezisa amakhanda awo. Umzimba wabo uba nombala ogqame kakhudlwana, ikhanda labo liba nsundu, kuthi ngemuva kuvele amabala amhlophe. Uma engekho owesilisa obalekayo ngemuva kokushintshana ngezinto ezimnandi, bese kuqala impi, izibankwa zizama ukulumana ekhanda noma entanyeni, noma emsileni. Kungaholela emanxebeni abucayi, kepha izimpi ezinjalo ngokuvamile azipheli ngokufa: lowo onqotshiwe uyashiya enkundleni yempi, futhi onqobayo uyamkhulula.
Ama-Agamas ahlala ezindaweni zokuhlala noma eziseduze ajwayele abantu futhi awasabeli kulabo abadlula eduze kwabo, kodwa uma becabanga ukuthi umuntu uyabathanda, bayesaba. Ukunyakaza kwabo kunelukuluku: baqala ukunqekuzisa amakhanda abo, futhi yonke ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba wabo iyaphakama futhi iwe nalokhu. Kubonakala sengathi i-agama iyakhothama. Ukusondela komuntu kuye, uyokwenza ngokushesha okukhulu, aze anqume ukuthi yisikhathi sokugijima. Ugibela ngobunyoninco futhi ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke ucasha ngesikhashana, athole uhlobo oluthile lwegebe. I-agama efuywayo izohola cishe indlela yokuphila efanayo neyasendle: ukugcwala elangeni noma ngaphansi kwesibani isikhathi esiningi sosuku, kwesinye isikhathi kukhuphuka imishini yokuzivocavoca ezodinga ukubekwa ku-terrarium. Awukwazi ukumkhipha phansi, ngaphandle kwezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, ngaphandle kwalokho angahlaselwa umkhuhlane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Agama
Ama-Agamas ahlala emakoloni amancane abantu abambalwa. Kusungulwa isigaba sabaphathi esiqinile kubo: amasimu esifundeni ahlukaniswe phakathi kwezibankwa, abanamandla kakhulu bathola izindawo ezihamba phambili. Ekuqondeni kwama-agamas, lawa yilapho kukhona khona amatshe noma izindlu ezitholakala kalula lapho kushiswa khona ilanga. Isici sesibili ubuningi bezisulu. Noma sithatha izindawo ezingekho kude komunye nomunye, umuntu angathola ngokucacile izinambuzane eziningi kunenye - lokhu ikakhulukazi kungenxa yezitshalo nobunjalo bendawo ezungezile. Abesilisa abanamandla kakhulu bacebile "baba" futhi kungenzeka bangachithi isikhathi esiningi ekudleni, ngoba ungahlala uthola okwanele kukho. Ababuthakathaka baphoqeleka ukuthi bahlale bezifunela ukudla, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abakwazi ukungena ensimini yomunye umuntu, noma ngabe kuningi kakhulu kumnikazi - ngemuva kwakho konke, lapho ebona owephula umthetho, uzoqala ngokushesha ukuvikela izinto zakhe.
Abesifazane nabesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eminyakeni ehlukene: owokuqala ezinyangeni eziyi-14-18, bese owesibili esondela eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Uma kunenkathi yemvula ebonakalisiwe endaweni lapho kuhlala khona ama-agama, iba yisikhathi sokukhwelana futhi. Uma kungenjalo, izibankwa zingakhwelana nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. I-Agama idinga umswakama omningi ukuze ikhiqize kabusha, futhi esimweni sezulu esomile kumane nje kungenzeki. Uma insikazi ikulungele ukukhwelana, khona-ke ukuheha iduna yenza ukunyakaza okukhethekile ngomsila wayo. Uma ukukhulelwa kwenzeka, emva kwezinsuku ezingama-60-70 umba umgodi omncane - kulokhu, kukhethwa indawo enelanga, bese ubeka amaqanda ayi-5-7 lapho, ngemuva kwalokho angcwaba iklatshi futhi alinganise kahle umhlaba, ukuze kube nzima ukukuthola.
Kuthatha amasonto afinyelela eshumini ukuthi amaqanda afukamele, khona-ke amawundlu aqanduselwa kuwo, ngaphandle asevele efana nezilonda ezindala, futhi engemncane kangako ngosayizi. Zingafinyelela ku-10 cm, kepha ubude obuningi buwela emsileni, umzimba uvame ukuba ngu-3.5-4 cm. Ama-agama azelwe kuphela okufanele azondle ngokushesha, abazali babo ngeke babondle noma babavikele - noma ngabe bahlala ekoloni elilodwa , ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo buphela masinyane ngemuva kokuthi owesifazane abeke amaqanda futhi awangcwabe.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Isikhundla sowesilisa esigabeni sabantu bezenhlalo singaqondakala ngokushesha ngokugqama kombala wakhe - ukuthi ucebe kangakanani, futhi owesilisa usondele phezulu.
Izitha zemvelo zama-agamas
Isithombe: Indlela i-agama ebukeka ngayo
Phakathi kwezitha eziyinhloko zalezi zibankwa:
- izinyoka;
- ama-mongooses;
- izinyoni ezinkulu.
Ezinyonini, iqiniso lokuthi ama-agamas ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, futhi imvamisa egqumeni, kulula kakhulu, kulula kubo ukuthi bahlole isisulu besendaweni ephakeme bese betshona kuso. U-Agama, ngakho konke ukushesha nobungcweti bawo, akakwazi ukuphatha ukweqa njalo kule nyoni, futhi leli ukuphela kwethemba lakhe - akanalo ithuba lokulwa. Isiza izinyoni ukucinga ama-agama nombala wazo ogqamile - kuhlangene nothando lokulala endaweni evulekile ebukwe kahle, lokhu kwenza i-agama ibe ngesisulu sezisulu ezifinyeleleka kalula, ukuze izinyoni zibabulale kaningi kunezinye izilwane.
Kepha banezitha phakathi kwezinye ezihuquzelayo, ikakhulukazi izinyoka. Lapha, umphumela wempi ungahle ungacaci kangako, ngakho-ke izinyoka zivame ukunyonyobela isibankwa zinganakiwe, zenze ukujikijela okubukhali futhi zilume - ubuthi bunganciphisa noma bukhubaze i-agama, ngemuva kwalokho kuzoba lula ukubhekana nayo. Kepha uma ebona inyoka, angambalekela - i-agama iyashesha futhi ishesha kakhulu, noma ifake amanxeba amakhulu ngezinzipho zayo, uma inyoka ingekho enkulu kakhulu.
Angaphoqeleka ukuthi abaleke esibankweni esiyingozi ngokweqile, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaqabukela, kepha kuyenzeka ukuthi i-agama nayo idle inyoka. AmaMongooses awaphikisi ekudleni kokubili i-agama nenyoka - ukuqina kwe-agama akwanele ngokumelene nabo. Lapha, njengezinyoni ezidla inyama, ingagijima indlela yayo kuphela.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Agama Lizard
I-agama ejwayelekile iphakathi kwezinhlobo ezinokusongela okumbalwa kakhulu. Lesi sibankwa sizala ngempumelelo, akukho ukudotshwa kwaso, ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezitholakalayo lapho sihlala khona azincishisiwe ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu, ngoba i-agama ingahlala eduze kwabantu, khona kanye ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi kanye nenani labantu be-agamas lenyuka kuphela unyaka nonyaka. Akukho okubi okuvela kulezi zibankwa, azidali monakalo, futhi kunalokho, zidla izinambuzane nezinye izinambuzane ezincane. Ngenxa yalokhu, bayazwana nabantu, futhi bangazizwa bephephile ngisho nasezindlini zokuhlala, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi izidlozi ziyesaba ukusondela kuzo. Phambilini, zazivame e-Afrika kuphela, kepha muva nje zande ngokwendalo eFlorida - izimo zayo kwavela ukuthi zibalungele, futhi isibalo sama-agama asendle sasuka ezifuyweni ezazikhululekile.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Eningizimu yeRoslawa ngama-agama asemaqeleni asabalele. Ziyafana nezinye ezijwayelekile - lezi yizilonda ezingafika ku-30 cm ngosayizi, ezeduna zimnyama-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ezinsikazi ziwolintshi lomlilo. Bathanda nokushiswa yilanga emini, bakhase baye endaweni evelele, futhi abantu bangavunyelwa basondele impela.
Uma zibaleka, ngakho-ke, ngokungafani nezinye izibankwa ezenza ngokuthula, zithinta konke okusendleleni, yingakho kuzwakala ithrekhi enkulu lapho ihamba khona. Umhlanga ekuthinteni. Okukhanyayo oku-orenji okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-agama isebenza kahle kakhulu, inomlingiswa ophilayo futhi akanakukhathalela kakhulu - yize esadinga iterrarium enkulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyathandwa ngabathandi be-amphibian. Ngokwemvelo, isakazekile futhi ibuye ihambisane kahle nabantu - kuye ngokuvamile abayona ingozi, kodwa ukuvikelwa ezilwaneni eziyingozi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/01/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09.09.2019 ngo-12: 46
