I-White Crane noma iSiberia Crane - inyoni enkulu enezwi elikhulu lokuzwa. Ama-cranes amhlophe yizinyoni eziqinile kakhulu. Ukuhlanyelwa kwalezi zinyoni kwenzeka engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe lethu, ebusika izinyoni zindiza ziye emazweni afudumele ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esimnene nesifudumele. Ingabe ukundiza kweSiberia Cranes kungumbono omuhle kakhulu, noma kunjalo? Mhlawumbe kungekudala ngeke sikwazi ukubona izingqimba ezilinganayo zama-cranes ezindiza ubusika ekwindla, ngoba unyaka nonyaka lezi zinyoni ziya ngokuya zincipha.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-crane emhlophe
I-crane emhlophe noma iSiberia Crane ingeyombuso wezilwane, uhlobo lwe-chordate, isigaba sezinyoni, umndeni we-crane, uhlobo lwe-Crane, uhlobo lweSiberia Crane. Ama-Cranes yizinyoni zasendulo kakhulu, umndeni wama-cranes wakhiwa ngesikhathi se-Eocene, lokhu cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-40-60 edlule. Izinyoni zasendulo zazihlukile ngandlela thile kubamele lo mndeni, esijwayele manje, zazinkulu kunezihlobo zesimanje, kukhona umehluko ekubukekeni kwezinyoni.
Ividiyo: I-White Crane
Izihlobo eziseduze zeWhite Cranes ngabashayi bamacilongo ePsophiidae kanye nama-cram crane ase-Aramidae. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lezi zinyoni zazaziwa ngabantu, lokhu kufakazelwa yimibhalo eqoshiwe yamatshe eveza lezi zinyoni ezinhle. Izinhlobo zeGrus leucogeranus zachazwa okokuqala ngudokotela wezilwane waseSoviet uK. Vorobyov ngo-1960.
Ama-Cranes yizinyoni ezinkulu ezinentamo ende nemilenze emide. Amaphiko enyoni angaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Ukuphakama kwe-Siberia Crane kungamasentimitha angu-140. Ngesikhathi sezindiza, ama-cranes alula izintambo zawo phambili naphansi, okwenza zifane nezingogolantethe, kodwa ngokungafani nalezi zinyoni, ama-cranes awanawo umkhuba wokuhlala ezihlahleni. Ama-cranes anekhanda elincane elinomlomo omude okhombe. Ekhanda eduze komlomo kunendawo yesikhumba esingenampaphe. E-Siberia Cranes, le ndawo ibomvu ngokugqamile. Izimpaphe zimhlophe, izimpaphe zokundiza zibomvu ngokunsundu emaphikweni. AmaJuvenile angaba namabala amabi emhlane noma entanyeni.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-crane emhlophe
ISiberia Cranes yizinyoni ezinhle kakhulu. Ziwumhlobiso wangempela wanoma iyiphi inkulisa noma i-zoo. Isisindo somuntu omdala sisuka ku-5.5 kuye ku-9 kg. Ukuphakama kusuka ekhanda kuye ezinyaweni ngo-140-160 cm, amaphiko angamamitha amabili. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, kanti abesilisa nabo banomlomo omude. Izimpaphe zeSiberia Cranes zimhlophe kakhulu; izimpaphe eziyinhloko ezimpikweni zimnyama, cishe zimnyama.
Ekhanda elizungeze uqhwaku kunesikhala sesikhumba esingenalutho sombala obomvu. Ngenxa yalokho lenyoni ebukeka isabeka kancane, yize umbono wokuqala ulungile, isimo sokhokho abamhlophe sinolaka impela. Umlomo nawo ubomvu, uqonde futhi mude. Izilwane ezisencane zinezimpaphe ezinsundu ngokukhanyayo. Kwesinye isikhathi kungahle kube nezindawo ezibomvu ezinhlangothini nasemuva. Izinyoni zigqoka izingubo zobusha kuze kube yiminyaka engaba ngu-2-2.5 kamuva, umbala wale nyoni ushintsha ube mhlophe qwa.
Amehlo enyoni aphapheme, amehlo omuntu ophuzi. Imilenze mide futhi abushelelezi, ibomvana ngombala. Azikho izimpaphe emilenzeni, engxenyeni ngayinye kuneminwe emi-4, iminwe ephakathi neyangaphandle ixhunywe ulwelwesi. Vocalization - AmaSanes aseSiberia ayakhala kakhulu, lokhu kutshiyoza ngesikhathi sezindiza kungazwakala kusuka phansi. Futhi iSiberia Cranes yenza imisindo ephezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi semidanso yabo yokukhwelana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izwi le-crane lifana nomsindo wensimbi yomculo. Ngenkathi kuculwa, abantu babona umsindo njengokukhononda okuncane.
Ama-cranes amhlophe athathwa njengezilonda zangempela phakathi kwezinyoni zasendle, lezi zinyoni zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-70. Ama-Cranes akwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo kusuka eminyakeni engu-6-7 ubudala.
Ihlala kuphi i-crane emhlophe?
Isithombe: I-crane emhlophe indiza
Ama-cranes amhlophe anebanga elilinganiselwe kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zihlala esidlekeni sezwe lethu kuphela. Njengamanje kunabantu ababili kuphela bama-cranes abamhlophe. Laba bantu bahlukanisiwe komunye nomunye. Inani lokuqala labantu basentshonalanga lisabalele esifundeni i-Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, eKomi Republic nase-Arkhangelsk Region. Inani labantu lesibili libhekwa njengempumalanga; ama-cranes alesi sidleke sabantu engxenyeni esenyakatho yeYakutia.
Izidleke zabantu baseNtshonalanga duzane nomlomo woMfula iMezen, nasempumalanga ezihlangwini zoMfula iKunovat. Futhi futhi lezi zinyoni zingatholakala ku-Ob. Abantu basempumalanga bayathanda ukwakha isidleke endaweni enesithunzi. Okokwakha izidleke, ama-Cranes aseSiberia akhetha izindawo ezingenamuntu ezinesimo sezulu esiswakeme. Lezi zingalo zemifula, amaxhaphozi emahlathini. Ama-cranes amhlophe yizinyoni ezifudukayo futhi ahamba amabanga amade ukuchitha ubusika emazweni afudumele.
Ebusika, ama-cranes amhlophe angatholakala emaxhaphozini aseNdiya nasenyakatho ye-Iran. Ezweni lakithi, amaSiberia Cranes asebusika eduze nogu lwaseShomal, oluseCaspian Sea. Ama-Yakut cranes athanda ubusika eChina, lapho lezi zinyoni zikhethe khona isigodi esiseduze noMfula iYangtze. Ngesikhathi sezidleke, izinyoni zakha izidleke emanzini. Okwezidleke, izindawo ezivaliwe kakhulu zikhethiwe. Izidleke zezinyoni zikhulu kakhulu futhi ziqukethe ama-sedges. Indawo yokuhlala yaseSiberia Crane iyinqwaba enkulu yotshani obumnandi, lapho kwenziwa khona ukucindezeleka. Isidleke ngokuvamile sikhuphuka ngamasentimitha angama-20 ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-crane emhlophe ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idla ngani i-crane emhlophe?
Isithombe: I-crane emhlophe evela eBhuku eliBomvu
Ama-cranes amhlophe angamakhemikhali futhi awakhethi kakhulu ngokudla.
Ukudla kwama-cranes amhlophe kufaka:
- imbewu namajikijolo athanda ikakhulukazi ama-cranberries nama-cloudberries;
- amaxoxo nama-amphibians;
- amagundane amancane;
- izinyoni ezincane;
- inhlanzi;
- amaqanda ezinyoni ezincane;
- ulwelwe nezimpande zezitshalo zasemanzini;
- utshani bekotini nesedge;
- izinambuzane ezincane, izimbungulu kanye ne-arthropods.
Endaweni yabo ejwayelekile, bavame ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo namajikijolo. Bathanda ukudla izinhlanzi namaxoxo njengokudla okunomsoco. Kwesinye isikhathi ngamagundane. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, badla abakutholayo endaweni yasebusika. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni eziningi, ama-cranes amhlophe, noma ngabe kuneminyaka elambile, awalokothi andizele ezindaweni zezitshalo nasezindlini zabantu. Izinyoni azibathandi abantu, noma zisezinhlungwini zokufa ngenxa yendlala, ngeke ziye kubantu. Uma ama-cranes eqaphela abantu eduze kwesidleke sabo, izinyoni zingashiya isidleke unomphela.
Ekutholakaleni ukudla, ama-cranes asizwa kakhulu ngoqhwaku lwawo. Izinyoni zibamba futhi zibulale inyamazane yazo ngomlomo wazo. Ama-cranes akhishwa emanzini ngemilomo yawo. Ukuze kukhishwe ama-rhizomes, ama-cranes emba phansi ngomlomo wawo. Imbewu nezimbungulu ezincane zicoshwa ngqo emhlabathini, kuthi lapho zithunjiwe, izinyoni zondliwe okusanhlamvu, izinhlanzi, amagundane amancane, namaqanda. Futhi ekuthunjweni, ama-cranes anikezwa inyama yezinyoni ezincane, imbewu kanye nokudla okuvela emithini. Ngokuya ngenani lokudla okunempilo, ukudla okunjalo akulutho neze kulokho okudliwa yizinyoni endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Bird White Crane
Ama-Cranes yizinyoni ezinolaka. Imvamisa, amaphuphu aseSiberia abulalana kuphela lapho echanyuselwa eqandeni. I-Siberia Cranes nayo inolaka kubantu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzalisa. Bayimfihlo kakhulu, ababekezeleli ukuba khona komuntu eduze kwabo. Ama-cranes amhlophe afuna ngenkani endaweni yawo yokuhlala; bahlala ezinhlangothini zemifula yamanzi angenasawoti namaxhaphozi. Kulokhu, kukhethwa imifula engajulile kuphela.
Kubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zinyoni ukuthi kumele kube khona amanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile eduze. Ama-Cranes aseSiberia axhumene kakhulu namanzi, akha izidleke zawo kuwo, kuwo futhi achitha isikhathi sabo esiningi edoba namaxoxo, edla izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ama-cranes amhlophe yizinyoni ezifudukayo. Ehlobo, zidla enyakatho yeRussia naseMpumalanga Ekude, bese zindiza ziye emazweni afudumele ukuze zihlale ubusika.
Izinyoni zinesakhiwo senhlalo esithuthukile, uma ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwezinyoni zihlala ngazimbili, ngesikhathi sezindiza ziziphatha njengezinyoni ezigobhoza. Zindiza emgqeni ocacile futhi zilalela umholi. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane banikela empilweni yomndeni. Izinyoni zakha izidleke ndawonye, zinakekele inzalo ndawonye.
Ama-Cranes ashiya ubusika ngoSepthemba, abuyele ezindaweni zawo ezijwayelekile ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli-maphakathi noMeyi. Indiza ithatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-15-20. Ngesikhathi sezindiza, ama-cranes andiza endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-700-1000 ngaphezu komhlaba ngejubane elingaba ngamakhilomitha angama-60 ngehora phezu komhlaba futhi cishe amakhilomitha ayi-100 ngehora ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngosuku olulodwa, umhlambi wama-cranes ungandiza u-400 km. Ngesikhathi sasebusika bangahlala ndawonye ngemihlambi emikhulu. Lokhu kwenza izinyoni ziphephe kakhudlwana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-cranes yizinyoni eziqhenyayo, azihlali emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ukuhlala emagatsheni okugoba ngaphansi kwesisindo sabo akukona okwabo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-crane chick emhlophe
Ama-Cranes afika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke kusuka ebusika ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli Meyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, inkathi yabo yokukhwelana iyaqala. Ngaphambi kokuqala umndeni, ama-cranes anomcimbi wangempela womshado, lapho abesilisa nabesifazane behlangana khona ekuculeni okuhle kakhulu, okwenza imisindo eminingi icace futhi imnandi. Ngesikhathi sokucula, abesilisa bavame ukwelula amaphiko abo babheke ezinhlangothini bese bephonsa ikhanda emuva, kanti insikazi ishiya amaphiko endaweni esongiwe. Ngaphezu kokucula, imidlalo yokukhwelana ihambisana nemidanso ethokozisayo, mhlawumbe lo mdanso uthulisa omunye wozakwethu, uma enolaka, noma esebenza njengendlela yokuqinisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu.
Isidleke sakhiwa izinyoni emanzini, abesilisa nabesifazane babamba iqhaza kule nqubo. Ngesikhathi esisodwa sokukhwelana, insikazi izalela amaqanda ama-2 amakhulu anesisindo esingama-gram angama-214 ngekhefu lezinsuku ezimbalwa. Kwabanye abantu, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, i-clutch ingaba neqanda elilodwa kuphela. Ukufukamela amaqanda kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngowesifazane, yize kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa emsiza, imvamisa yena ubuyisela insikazi emini. Ukufukamela kuhlala inyanga yonke. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela amaqanda ngowesifazane, owesilisa uhlala endaweni ethile eseduze futhi uvikela umndeni wakhe.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, kuzalwa amaphuphu ama-2 Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-40, amaphuphu aba nolaka kakhulu komunye nomunye. Esikhathini esiningi, enye yamatshwele iyafa, futhi okuqine kakhulu ukuhlala. Kepha uma womabili amaphuphu esinda eneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, amaphuphu ayayeka ukulwa nomunye futhi aziphathe ngokuthula. Ezinkulisa, imvamisa iqanda elilodwa liyasuswa ku-bamba bese iphuphu likhuliswa ngabantu. Kulokhu, womabili amatshwele azosinda. Abancane bayakwazi ukulandela abazali babo emahoreni amaningana ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa esidlekeni. Lapho amaphuphu efika ezinyaweni zawo, umndeni wonke ushiya isidleke bese uthatha umhlalaphansi uye kutundra. Lapho, lezi zinyoni zihlala zize zihambe ziye ebusika.
Izitha zemvelo zama-cranes amhlophe
Isithombe: I-White Crane
Ama-cranes amhlophe yizinyoni ezinkulu futhi ezinolaka, ngakho-ke ama-Cranes aseSiberia amadala awanazo izitha endle. Zimbalwa izilwane ezilinga ukucasula le nyoni. Kepha amatshwele amancane kanye ne-clutch yamaSiberia Cranes ahlala esengozini.
Izidleke ze-Crane zingacekelwa phansi yizilwane ezinjengezi:
- izimpungushe;
- izingulube zasendle;
- i-marsh harrier;
- izinkozi namagwababa.
Imihlambi yezinyamazana ezifudukayo ivame ukwethusa onogolantethe bese ibaphoqa ukuba bashiye izidleke zabo, futhi izinyoni zivame ukwesatshiswa imihlambi yezinyamazane ezifuywayo ezinabantu nezinja. Amachwane asinda aze abe mdala ahlala, ambalwa uma i-clutch igcinwe futhi omncane kunabo bonke ebulawa amaphuphu kudala. Kodwa noma kunjalo, isitha esiyingozi kunazo zonke kulezi zinyoni kwakungumuntu. Ngisho nabantu uqobo, kepha indlela yethu yokuphila yabathengi ifake amaSiberia Cranes engcupheni yokuqothulwa. Abantu baqinisa imibhede yemifula, bome amadamu ezindaweni zemvelo zalezi zinyoni, futhi azikho izindawo zokuphumula nokwakha izidleke zeSiberia Cranes.
Ama-cranes amhlophe azwela kakhulu endaweni yawo yokuhlala futhi ahlala kuphela eduze nemizimba yamanzi, nasezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kubantu. Uma imizimba yamanzi namaxhaphozi kuyoma, izinyoni kufanele zibheke indawo entsha yokwakha izidleke. Uma eyodwa ingatholakali, izinyoni azimane zizale inzalo kulo nyaka. Njalo ngonyaka bambalwa abantu abadala abazalanayo, futhi kunamachwane ambalwa kakhulu aphila kuze kube yisikhathi sokuba mdala. Namuhla, ama-cranes amhlophe akhuliswa ekuthunjweni. Ezinkulisa, amaqanda namachwane kubhekelwa odokotela bezinyoni abanolwazi, lapho izinyoni zikhula, zithunyelwa ukuhlala endle.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-crane emhlophe
Namuhla, inani lama-cranes amhlophe emhlabeni jikelele cishe ngabantu abayi-3,000 kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lasentshonalanga lamaSiberia aseSiberia linabantu abangama-20 kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lasentshonalanga lamaSiberia aseSiberia lisengcupheni yokuqothulwa futhi amathemba okuthuthuka kwabantu awanele neze. Kakade, izinyoni azifuni ukuzalela endaweni yazo yemvelo, ngoba azinandawo yokwakha izidleke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinyoni zikhetha kakhulu indawo yazo yokuhlala.
Ngesikhathi sezindiza nobusika, ama-Cranes aseSiberia angahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kepha lezi zinyoni zakha kuphela emanzini angajulile lapho izinyoni zihlala khona ubusuku bonke.
Ebusika, izinyoni zifudukela esiGodini saseChina eduze noMfula iYangtze. Okwamanje, lezi zindawo zigcwele abantu; umhlaba omningi oseduze nezindawo zokuhlala zaseSiberia usetshenziselwa izidingo zezolimo. Futhi njengoba wazi, amaSiberia Cranes awakubekezeleli ukuhlala nabantu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezweni lethu, ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, kukhishwa uwoyela futhi kukhishwe amaxhaphozi. EPakistan nase-Afghanistan, lezi zinyoni zivame ukuzingelwa, kepha kusukela ngeminyaka yama-70s, ukuzingelwa kwamaSranese aseSiberia kuye kwavinjelwa emhlabeni wonke. Okwamanje, uhlobo lweGrus leucogeranus lubhalwe kuRed Book futhi lunesimo sohlobo oluthile olusengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kwenziwe umsebenzi wokulondoloza zombili lezi zinhlobo kanye nabanye abamele umndeni we-crane. Isikhwama sokubhuka senziwe eRussia. E-China, kudaleke isiqiwi ezindaweni zobusika zama-cranes amhlophe.
Ukuvikelwa kwama-cranes amhlophe
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-crane emhlophe
Ngo-1973, i-International Crane Conservation Fund yasungulwa. Ngo-1974 kwasayinwa umqulu wokubambisana emkhakheni wezokuvikelwa kwemvelo phakathi kweSoviet Union neMelika. Ngo-1978, esifundazweni saseVinsconsin, kwakhiwa indawo ekhethekile yokwakhiwa kokhrayana, lapho kwakulethwa khona amaqanda avela ezinhlakeni zasendle ezitholakala endle. Abaqaphi bezinyoni abavela e-United States bakhulisa amaphuphu bawaletha endle.
Namuhla eRussia, eChina, e-USA naseBelgium odokotela bezinyoni baphakamisa ama-cranes ezimweni zokulondolozwa. Abaqaphi bezinyoni, bazi ngokuncintisana phakathi kwamachwane, basusa iqanda elilodwa ku-clutch bese bekhulisa iphuphu ngokwabo. Ngasikhathi sinye, odokotela bezinyoni bazama ukungabophi amaphuphu kumuntu, futhi basebenzise okokuzifihla okukhethekile ukunakekela amaphuphu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukunakekela amaphuphu, odokotela bezinyoni basebenzisa amasudi akhethekile okufihla amhlophe, akhumbuza amaphuphu kanina. Amajita nawo afunda ukundiza ngosizo lwabantu. Izinyoni zindiza zilandela indiza encane ekhethekile, eziyiphutha njengomholi womhlambi. Yile ndlela izinyoni ezenza ngayo indiza yazo yokuqala yokufuduka "Flight of Hope".
Kuze kube manje, izindlela ezinjalo zokukhulisa amaphuphu zenziwa e-Oka Nature Reserve. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapaki kazwelonke kanye neziqiwi kusebenza endaweni yaseYakutia, Isifunda Esizimele saseYamalo-Nenets naseTyumen.
I-White Crane izinyoni ezimangalisa ngempela, futhi kuyadabukisa ukuthi zimbalwa kangaka zalezi zinyoni ezinhle nezinomusa emhlabeni wethu. Asethembe ukuthi imizamo yabaqaphi bezinyoni ngeke ibe yize, futhi amachwane akhuliswa ekuthunjweni azokwazi ukuhlala endle futhi azale.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/29/2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 07/29/2019 ngo-21: 08
