Ihhashi Lasolwandle - isakhamuzi esidumile sasemanzini. Kukhunjulwa ngokuma komzimba okungajwayelekile, okwenza umuntu azibuze: ingabe ulwandle luyinhlanzi noma isilwane? Eqinisweni, kunempendulo eqondile yalo mbuzo. Futhi, lezi zidalwa zinezimfihlo eziningi ezingavamile ezihlotshaniswa nendawo yazo yokuhlala, indlela yokuphila kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwazo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Seahorse
Ama-seahorses angamalungu ohlobo lwezinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe kusukela ku-oda lwezinhlanzi ezi-acicular. Ucwaningo olwenziwe olwandle lukhombisile ukuthi ama-seahorses angama-subspecies aguqulwe kakhulu we-needlefish. Njengezinhlanzi zenaliti, olwandle kunesimo somzimba esivulekile, isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele somgudu womlomo, nomsila omude osusekayo. Azikho izinsalela eziningi kangaka zolwandle lwasolwandle - usuku lokuqala ukusuka ePliocene, nokwehlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi nezilwandle zasolwandle kwenzeka e-Oligocene.
Ividiyo: Seahorse
Izizathu azikasungulwa ngokunembile, kepha okulandelayo kugqamile:
- ukwakheka kwamanzi amaningi angajulile, lapho izinhlanzi zivame ukubhukuda ziye phezulu zibheke ngangokunokwenzeka;
- ukusabalala kobulembu obuningi nokuvela kwamanje. Ngakho-ke inhlanzi yayinesidingo sokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yangaphambi komsila.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezikhanyayo zezilwandle zasolwandle ezingathathwa njengalezi zinhlobo ngabo bonke ososayensi ngazwilinye.
Ezinye zezilwandle zasolwandle ezimibalabala kakhulu yilezi:
- ipayipi. Ngokubukeka kwayo kufana nolwandle oluncane olunomzimba omncane ohlangane kakhulu;
- ulwandle olunameva - umnikazi wezinaliti ezinamandla ezinde emzimbeni wonke;
- ama-dragons olwandle, ikakhulukazi anqabile. Zinesimo sesici sokufihla, njengokungathi zimbozwe ngokuphelele ngamaqabunga nezinqubo ze-algae;
- umkhumbi wasolwandle omfushane ungummeleli omncane kakhulu wolwandle, ubukhulu bawo abudluli ku-2 cm
- ihhashi loLwandle Olumnyama uhlobo olungenawo ameva.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani i-seahorse
I-seahorse ayinalo igama layo ngengozi - ifana nehhashi le-chess esimweni somzimba. Umzimba ovulekile, ogobile uhlukaniswe phakathi waba yinhloko, umzimba nomsila. I-seahorse imbozwe ngokuphelele ngeziqu ze-chitinous ezinesimo se-ribbed. Lokhu kuyinikeza ukufana kwe-algae. Ukukhula kolwandle kwehlukile, kuya ngohlobo, kungafinyelela ku-4 cm, noma amasentimitha angama-25. Iphinde yehluke kwezinye izinhlanzi ngoba ibhukuda ibheke phezulu, igcine umsila phansi.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isinye esiswini sitholakala engxenyeni yesisu nekhanda, kanti isinye sekhanda sikhulu kunesesisu. Ngakho-ke, ikhanda "lintanta" phezulu. Amaphiko we-seahorse mancane, akhonza njengohlobo "lwamaphini okuqondisa" - ngosizo lwawo ajikela emanzini nasekuqhubeni. Yize izilwandle zasolwandle zibhukuda kancane kakhulu, zithembele ekufihleni. Kukhona ne-dorsal fin evumela ukuthi i-seahorse ihlale iqondile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-seahorses angabukeka ehlukile - kwesinye isikhathi ukuma kwawo kufana nolwelwe, amadwala nezinye izinto ezifihla phakathi kwazo.
I-seahorse inesifinyila esicijile, esihlangene esinamehlo amakhulu. I-seahorse ayinamlomo ngomqondo we-classical - iyishubhu efana ne-physiology nemilomo yama-anteaters. Idonsa amanzi ngepayipi ukondla nokuphefumula. Umbala ungaba ohluke kakhulu, futhi kuya ngendawo yokuhlala yolwandle. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ukuba nesembozo esimpunga se-chitinous esinamachashazi amnyama amancane angavamile. Kunezinhlobo zemibala ekhanyayo: ophuzi, obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani. Imvamisa umbala ogqamile uhambisana namaphiko afanayo afana namahlamvu algae.
Umsila wolwandle lolwandle uyathakazelisa. Igobile futhi ayivuleki kuphela ngesikhathi sokubhukuda okukhulu. Ngalomsila, olwandle bangabambelela ezintweni abazobambelela kuzo ngesikhathi semisinga enamandla. Umgogodla wesisu solwandle nawo uyamangalisa. Iqiniso ukuthi izitho zokuzala zitholakala lapho. Kwabesifazane, lokhu yi-ovipositor, kanti kwabesilisa, yi-bursa yesisu, ebukeka njengembobo maphakathi nesisu.
Uhlala kuphi ulwandle?
Isithombe: Seahorse emanzini
Ama-seahorses akhetha amanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo, futhi izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kufanele lizinze.
Izikhathi eziningi zingatholakala ogwini olulandelayo:
- Australia;
- EMalaysia;
- Iziqhingi zasePhilippine;
- Thailand.
Imvamisa bahlala emanzini angajulile, kepha kunezinhlobo ezihlala ekujuleni. Ama-seahorses ahlala phansi, acashe ku-algae nasezixhotsheni zamakhorali. Babambelela ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ngemisila yabo bese benza udeshi ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka esiqwini kuya kwesinye. Ngenxa yomzimba wazo nombala, ama-seahorses alungele ukufihla.
Amanye amalwandle angashintsha umbala ukufanisa indawo yawo entsha. Ngakho-ke bayazifihla ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye futhi bathole ukudla kwabo ngempumelelo. I-seahorse yenza uhambo olude ngendlela eyinqaba: inamathela kwezinye izinhlanzi ngomsila wayo, futhi iyanamathela kuyo lapho inhlanzi ingena ku-algae noma emifuleni.
Manje uyazi lapho ulwandle lolwandle lutholakala khona. Ase sibone kutsi lesilwane sidlani.
Ludla ini ulwandle?
Isithombe: Seahorse
Ngenxa yesimo somzimba esihlukile somlomo, ama-seahorses angadla kuphela ukudla okuhle kakhulu. Idonsa emanzini njenge-pipette, futhi kanye nomfudlana wamanzi, i-plankton nokunye ukudla okuncane kungena emlonyeni wolwandle.
Izilwandle ezinkulu zingangena:
- ama-crustaceans;
- imfanzi;
- inhlanzi encane;
- onoshobishobi;
- amaqanda ezinye izinhlanzi.
Kunzima ukubiza ulwandle njengesilwane esidlayo. Izinhlobo ezincane zolwandle zasolwandle zondla ngokuqhubekayo ngokudweba emanzini. Izikebhe ezinkulu zasolwandle ziphendukela ekuzingeleni okucashile: imisila yazo inamathele ku-algae nasezixhotsheni zamakhorali, ilinde inyamazane efanelekile eduzane.
Ngenxa yokuhamba kancane, abagibeli bolwandle abazi ukuthi bangasilandela kanjani isisulu. Emini, izinhlobo ezincane zezilwandle zasolwandle zidla kuze kube yizinkulungwane ezintathu, ama-crustaceans njengengxenye yeplankton. Zondla ngokuqhubekayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku - iqiniso ukuthi umqolo awunawo uhlelo lokugaya ukudla, ngakho-ke kufanele badle njalo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Akuvamile ukuthi ama-seahorses adle izinhlanzi ezinkulu; badla ngokungakhethi - into esemqoka ukuthi isisulu singena emlonyeni.
Ekuthunjweni, ama-seahorses adla i-daphnia, imfanzi nokudla okukhethekile okomile. Okuhlukile kokudla ekhaya ukuthi ukudla kufanele kube okusha, futhi kufanele kudliwe njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-seahorses angagula futhi afe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Orange Seahorse
Ama-seahorses ahlala phansi. Isivinini esiphezulu abangafinyelela kuso sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-150 ngehora, kepha ahamba ngokungavamile kakhulu, uma kunesidingo. Ama-seahorses izinhlanzi ezingezona ezinobudlova ezingalokothi zihlasele ezinye izinhlanzi, yize ziyizilwane ezizingelayo. Bahlala emihlanjini emincane yabantu abayi-10 kuye kwangama-50 futhi abanabukhosi noma isakhiwo. Umuntu ovela komunye umhlambi angaphila kalula komunye umhlambi.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala yeqembu, ama-seahorses ngabantu abazimele. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-seahorses angakha amabhangqa wesikhathi eside angabodwa. Kwesinye isikhathi le nyunyana ihlala impilo yonke yolwandle. Ama-seahorses amabili - owesilisa nowesilisa, akhiwa ngemuva kokuzala okuphumelelayo kokuqala. Esikhathini esizayo, lo mbhangqwana uzala cishe ngokuqhubekayo, uma kungenasici esivimbela lokhu.
Ama-seahorses athinteka kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuxineka. Isibonelo, uma i-seahorse ilahlekelwa ngumlingani wayo, ilahlekelwa intshisekelo ekukhiqizeni futhi ingala ukudla nhlobo, yingakho ifa kungakapheli amahora angama-24. Kuyacindezela nokuthi babambe futhi bathuthele ezindaweni zasemanzini. Njengomthetho, ama-seahorses abanjiwe kufanele aguqulwe ngochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe - abantu abathunjiwe abatshalwanga ezindaweni zasemanzini zezimfundamakhwela ezejwayelekile.
Izilwandle zasolwandle azivumelani kahle nezimo zasekhaya, imvamisa ziwela ekucindezelekeni zife. Kepha ama-seahorses, azalelwa emanzini, asinda ngokuthula ekhaya.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Seahorse olwandle
Ama-seahorses awanaso isikhathi sokukhwelana esinqunyiwe. Abesilisa, abafinyelela ebusheni, baqala ukuzungeza insikazi ekhethiwe, bekhombisa ukuzimisela kwabo ukushada. Ngalesi sikhathi, indawo ethambile yesifuba sowesilisa, engavikelwe yi-chitin, iba mnyama. Insikazi ayiphenduli kule midanso, iqina endaweni bese ibuka eyesilisa noma eyeduna eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu zasolwandle zinamandla okufaka isikhwama esifubeni. Lesi siko siyaphindwa izinsuku ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho owesifazane ekhetha owesilisa. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, owesilisa okhethiwe angakwazi "ukudansa" usuku lonke kuze kube ukukhathala. Owesifazane ukhombisa owesilisa ukuthi ukulungele ukukhwelana lapho esondela eduze kwamanzi. Eyesilisa iyamlandela, ivule isikhwama. I-ovipositor yowesifazane iyanweba, uyifaka ekuvulekeni kwesikhwama abeke amaqanda ngqo esikhwameni sowesilisa. Umvundisa endleleni.
Inani lamaqanda avundisiwe lincike ubukhulu besilisa - owesilisa omkhulu angafaka amaqanda amaningi esikhwameni sakhe. Izinhlobo ezincane zasolwandle ezishisayo zikhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela kuma-60, izinhlobo ezinkulu ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu. Kwesinye isikhathi olwandle kunamabhangqa azinzile angahlukani empilweni yabantu ababili. Bese ukukhwelana kwenzeka ngaphandle kwemikhuba - insikazi ibeka amaqanda kuphela esikhwameni sowesilisa.
Emasontweni amane kamuva, owesilisa uqala ukukhipha gazinga esikhwameni - le nqubo ifana "nokudubula": isikhwama siyakhula futhi ama-gazinga amaningi andizela ngokushesha enkululekweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, owesilisa ubhukuda aye endaweni evulekile, lapho i-current iqine khona - ngakho-ke gazinga lizosabalala endaweni ebanzi. Abazali abanasithakazelo ekuqhubekeni phambili kwezilwandle ezincane.
Izitha zemvelo zolwandle
Isithombe: Seahorse eCrimea
I-seahorse iyinkosi yokuzifihla kanye nendlela yokuphila eyimfihlo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-seahorse inezitha ezimbalwa kakhulu ezingazingela le nhlanzi ngenhloso.
Kwesinye isikhathi olwandle baba ukudla kwezidalwa ezilandelayo:
- izimfanzi ezinkulu zidla olwandle oluncane, amathole kanye ne-caviar;
- Izinkalankala ziyizitha zolwandle oluphansi kwamanzi nasemhlabeni. Kwesinye isikhathi amatilosi olwandle awakwazi ukubambelela ku-algae ngesikhathi sesiphepho, yingakho ethwalwa aye olwandle, lapho eba yizisulu zenkalankala;
- i-clownfish ihlala kuma-coral kanye nama-anemones, lapho kutholakala khona ama-seahorses;
- i-tuna ingamane idle yonke into esendleleni yayo, futhi ama-seahorses ngephutha angena ekudleni kwayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kutholakale ulwandle olungadliwe esiswini esiswini samahlengethwa.
Ama-seahorses awakwazi ukuzivikela, awazi ukuthi abaleke kanjani. Ngisho ama-subspecies "ashesha kakhulu" ngeke abe nesivinini esanele sokubalekela ukulandela. Kepha ama-seahorses awazingelwa ngamabomu, ngoba iningi lawo limbozwe izinaliti ezibukhali neziqu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani i-seahorse
Izinhlobo eziningi zolwandle zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Imininingwane ngenani lezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo inempikiswano: abanye ososayensi bakhomba izinhlobo ezingama-32, ezinye - ezingaphezu kuka-50. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo ezingama-30 zolwandle selusondele ekuqothulweni.
Izizathu zokunyamalala kolwandle zihlukile. Lokhu kufaka:
- ukuthathwa ngobuningi kolwandle njengesikhumbuzo;
- ukubamba izilwandle zasolwandle njengezibiliboco;
- ukungcoliswa kwemvelo;
- ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ama-seahorses athinteka kakhulu ekucindezelekeni - ushintsho oluncane kwimvelo yendawo yabo luholela ekufeni kolwandle. Ukungcola kwezilwandle zomhlaba kuqeda inani labantu hhayi olwandle kuphela, kodwa nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kwesinye isikhathi i-seahorse ingakhetha insikazi engakakulungeli ukushada. Ngemuva kwalokho usaqhuba yonke imicikilisho, kepha ngenxa yalokho, ukukhwelana akwenzeki, bese efuna owakwakhe omusha.
Ukuvikelwa kolwandle
Isithombe: Seahorse kusuka eRed Book
Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwandle zasolwandle zibhalwe kuRed Book. Isimo sezinhlobo ezivikelwe satholwa kancane kancane yizilwandle zasolwandle, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukurekhoda inani lalezi zinhlanzi. Izikebhe zasolwandle ezinezimpondo ezinde zazingezokuqala ukufakwa eRed Book - le kwakuyiRed Book yase-Ukraine ngonyaka we-1994. Ukulondolozwa kwezilwandle kuthikanyezwa ukuthi ama-seasors abulawa yingcindezi enkulu. Azikwazi ukuhanjiswa ezindaweni ezintsha; kunzima ukuzalanisa ezindaweni zasemanzini nasemapaki amanzi asekhaya.
Izinyathelo eziyinhloko ezithathwayo ukuvikela ama-skate zimi kanje:
- ukuvinjelwa kokubanjwa kwezilwandle zasolwandle - kubhekwa njengokuzingela ngokungemthetho;
- ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezivikelekile lapho kutholakala khona imihlambi emikhulu yolwandle;
- ukuvuselela ukuzala ngokufunzwa okwenziwe ngasolwandle endle.
Izinyathelo azisebenzi kahle, njengasemazweni ase-Asia naseThailand, ukuthunjwa kwezilwandle kusavunyelwe futhi kusebenza kakhulu. Ngenkathi inani labantu lisindiswa ngokuzala kwalezi zinhlanzi - umuntu oyedwa kuphela kumaqanda ayikhulu osinda ebudaleni, kepha lokhu kuyinombolo erekhodiwe phakathi kwezinhlanzi eziningi zasezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ihhashi Lasolwandle - isilwane esimangalisayo nesingavamile. Zihlukile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, imibala nobukhulu, zingenye yezinhlobo zezinhlanzi eziheha kakhulu. Kusathenjwa ukuthi izinyathelo zokuvikela olwandle zizothela izithelo, futhi lezi zinhlanzi zizoqhubeka nokuchuma olwandle olukhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/27/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 30.09.2019 ngo-20: 58
