Isithwalambiza Ingabe esinye sezinambuzane eziyisimanga kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ezinye izici zempilo yesidalwa esingajwayelekile, imikhuba yaso, ikakhulukazi imikhuba yokuduma edumile, ingashaqisa abaningi. Lesi sinambuzane sivame ukutholakala ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni zasendulo zamazwe amaningi. Abanye abantu babhekiswe kubo amandla okubikezela ukuza kwentwasahlobo; eChina, ama-mantises wokuthandaza abhekwa njengezinga lokuhaha nenkani.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Isithwalambiza
Ama-mantis wokukhuleka awazona nje izinhlobo, kepha i-suborder yonke yezinambuzane ze-arthropod ezinezinhlobo eziningi, ezifika ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili. Zonke zinemikhuba efanayo nokwakheka komzimba okufanayo, kwehluka ngombala kuphela, ubukhulu nendawo ezihlala kuyo. Zonke izinto zokuthandaza ziyizinambuzane ezidla ezinye, zinonya ngokuphelele futhi zinamandla amabi kakhulu, ezibhekana kancane nesisulu sazo, zithole injabulo kuyo yonke inqubo.
Ividiyo: Isithwalambiza
Isithwalambiza sathola igama laso kwezemfundo ngekhulu le-18. Isazi semvelo esidumile uKarl Linay wanikeza lesi sidalwa igama elithi "Mantis religiosa" noma "umpristi wezenkolo" ngenxa yesimo esingajwayelekile sesinambuzane ngesikhathi siqamekele, esasifana nesomuntu okhulekayo. Kwamanye amazwe, lesi sinambuzane esingajwayelekile sinamagama amancane ajabulisayo ngenxa yemikhuba yaso emisha, ngokwesibonelo, eSpain, imantis yokuthandaza yaziwa ngokuthi "ihhashi likadeveli".
Isithwalambiza siyisinambuzane sasendulo futhi kusenempikiswano emphakathini wesayensi ngemvelaphi yaso. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lusuka kumaphela avamile, abanye banombono ohlukile, begqamisa indlela ehlukile yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yabo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Enye yezitayela zobuciko bokulwa zaseChina wushu ibizwa ngokuthi imantis yokukhuleka. Inganekwane yasendulo ithi umlimi waseChina wasungula lesi sitayela ngenkathi ebuka izimpi ezivusa amadlingozi zalezi zinambuzane ezidlayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani isithwalambiza
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zokuthandaza zinemizimba emide yesakhiwo esikhethekile. Ikhanda elingunxantathu, elihamba kakhulu liyakwazi ukuzungeza ama-degree angama-360. Amehlo ahlanganiswe nezinambuzane atholakala emaphethelweni ekhanda, anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ezansi kwentshebe kunamehlo amathathu ajwayelekile. Izinsimbi zomlomo zohlobo lokugaya. I-Antennae ingaba ifiliform noma ikama, kuya ngohlobo lwenhlobo.
Isimemezelo asivamile ukweqa ikhanda lesinambuzane; isisu uqobo sinezingxenye eziyishumi. Ingxenye yokugcina yesisu iphelela ezihlanganisweni ezibhanqiwe zezingxenye eziningi, okuyizitho zephunga. Izingalo zangaphambili zifakelwe izipikha eziqinile ezisiza ukubamba isisulu. Cishe wonke ama-mantis akhulekayo anezimpiko ezithuthukile ezingaphambili nezingemuva, okubonga lesi sinambuzane esikwazi ukundiza. Amaphiko amancane, aminyene embhangqwana engaphambili avikela amaphiko amabili wesibili. Izimpiko zangemuva zibanzi, zinolwelwesi oluningi, zisongwe ngendlela efana nefeni.
Umbala wesinambuzane ungahluka: kusuka kokumnyama onsundu kuya kokugqamile okukhanyayo ngisho nangokubomvana-lilac, okunephethini yesici namabala emaphikweni. Kunabantu abakhulu kakhulu, abafinyelela ku-14-16 cm ubude, kunezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu ezifika ku-1 cm.
Ukubukwa okuthakazelisa ngokukhethekile:
- I-mantis ejwayelekile yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu. Usayizi womzimba wesinambuzane ufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-6-7 futhi unombala oluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu ngesici esimnyama esimilenzeni yangaphambili ngaphakathi;
- Izinhlobo zamaShayina - zinosayizi abakhulu kakhulu kuze kufike ku-15 cm, umbala uyafana nowezimantshi ezijwayelekile zokuthandaza, uhlukaniswa nendlela yokuphila yasebusuku;
- imantisisi yamehlo enameva iyisidlakela sase-Afrika esikwaziyo ukuzifihla njengamahlumela omile;
- i-orchid - enhle kunazo zonke izinhlobo, ibizwa ngegama layo ngenxa yokufana nembali yegama elifanayo. Abesifazane bakhula bafike ku-8 mm, abesilisa baba uhhafu wosayizi;
- ukubukeka kwezimbali zaseNdiya nokubukeka okukhazimulayo - zihlukaniswa ngombala ogqamile onendawo ebonakalayo ezimpikweni zangaphambili ngendlela yeso. Bahlala e-Asia naseNdiya, bancane - mm 30-40 kuphela.
Zihlalaphi izithwalambiza?
Isithombe: Izithwalambiza eRussia
Indawo yokuhlala kwama-mantises akhule kakhulu futhi ihlanganisa amazwe amaningi e-Asia, South kanye ne-Central Europe, Africa, South America. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zabantu abathandazayo eSpain, Portugal, China, India, Greece, Cyprus. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala eBelarus, Tatarstan, Germany, Azerbaijan, Russia. Izinambuzane ezidlayo zaziswa e-Australia naseNyakatho Melika, lapho zizala khona futhi.
Ezimweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo, ama-mantises athandazayo ahlala:
- emahlathini anomswakama ophezulu;
- ezingwadule zamatshe zifudunyezwa yilanga elishisayo.
EYurophu, ama-mantises wokukhuleka ajwayelekile emaqeleni, amadlelo avulekile. Lezi izidalwa ezi-thermophilic ezibekezelela amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwama-degree angama-20 kabi. Muva nje, ezinye izingxenye zaseRussia ziye zavezwa ngezikhathi ezithile ekuhlaselweni kwangempela kwama-mantis wokukhuleka, asuka kwamanye amazwe eyofuna ukudla.
Ama-mantis wokuthandaza awavamile ukuguqula indawo yawo yokuhlala. Njengoba bekhethe umuthi owodwa noma igatsha, bahlala kuwo impilo yabo yonke, uma kunokudla okwanele okuzungezile. Izinambuzane zihamba ngenkuthalo kuphela phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana, lapho kukhona ubungozi noma uma kungekho inombolo edingekayo yezinto zokuzingela. Ama-mantis wokuthandaza enza kahle kuma-terrariums. Izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu kubo lingama-25-30 degrees ngomswakama okungenani amaphesenti angama-60. Awaphuzi amanzi, ngoba zithola konke ezikudingayo ekudleni. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ezinye izinhlobo ezinolaka futhi ezinamandla zingasusa ezincane, kuze kuqedwe ukuqothulwa endaweni ethile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezifundeni eziningana zaseNingizimu Asia, ama-mantis ezidla ngokukhethekile akhuliswa ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa njengesikhali esisebenzayo sokulwa omiyane be-malaria nezinye izinambuzane ezithwala izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi.
Manje uyazi lapho mantis akhulekayo ahlala khona. Ake sithole ukuthi isinambuzane sidlani.
Yini imantis mantis edlayo?
Isithombe: Izithwalambiza zesifazane
Ukuba yisidlakela, imantis mantis idla kuphela ukudla okuphilayo futhi ayilokothi icoshe isidumbu. Lezi zinambuzane zinamandla kakhulu futhi zidinga ukuzingela njalo.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwabantu abadala:
- ezinye izinambuzane, ezinjengomiyane, izimpukane, amabhungane nezinyosi, nobukhulu besisulu bungaze budlule nobukhulu besilwane esidlayo;
- izinhlobo ezinkulu ziyakwazi ukuhlasela ama-amphibian aphakathi nendawo, izinyoni ezincane namagundane;
- imvamisa izihlobo, kufaka phakathi inzalo yazo, ziba ngukudla.
Ukwehla kwamazimu phakathi kwama-mantises wokuthandaza kuvamile, futhi izimpi ezijabulisayo phakathi kwama-mantises wokuthandaza zivamile.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Abesifazane abakhulu nabanolaka kakhulu badla ngokudla abalingani babo enqubeni yokukhwelana. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka okukhulu kwamaprotheni, okudingekayo ekuthuthukiseni inzalo. Njengomthetho, ekuqaleni kokukhwelana, owesifazane uluma ekhanda lowesilisa, futhi ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwenqubo, uyidla ngokuphelele. Uma owesifazane engalambile, khona-ke ubaba wesikhathi esizayo uyakwazi ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngesikhathi.
Lezi zidlakela azijahi inyamazane yazo. Ngosizo lombala wazo othize, zizifihla kahle phakathi kwamahlumela noma izimbali bese zilinda ukusondela kwesilwane sazo, zisigijimela zisuka ekuqamekeleni ngejubane lombani. Izindondo zokukhuleka zibamba inyamazane ngezibambo zangaphambili ezinamandla, bese ziyicindezela phakathi kwethanga, zihlonyiswe ngameva nomlenze ongezansi, zidle kancane isidalwa esiphilayo. Isakhiwo esikhethekile sezinsimbi zomlomo, imihlathi enamandla ivumela ukudwengula ngokoqobo izicucu emzimbeni wesisulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izithwalambiza zokuthandaza
Ama-mantis wokukhuleka yizilwane ezidla zodwa ezingashiyi indawo yazo yokuhlala noma zikwenza ezimweni ezehlukile: zifuna izindawo zokudla ezicebile, zibalekela isitha esinamandla. Uma abesilisa bekwazi, uma kunesidingo, ukundiza amabanga amade ngokwanele, khona-ke abesifazane, ngenxa yobukhulu babo obukhulu, bakwenze ngokungathandi ngokweqile. Abagcini ngokunakekela inzalo yabo, kepha ngokuphambene nalokho bangazidla kalula. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi ikhohlwa ngokuphelele ngayo, ibona isizukulwane esisha njengokudla kuphela.
Lezi zinambuzane zihlukaniswa nokushesha kwazo, ukusabela kombani, unya, ziyakwazi ukuzingela nokudla abantu kabili ubukhulu bazo. Abesifazane banolaka ikakhulukazi. Abahlulwa futhi bazoqeda isisulu sabo isikhathi eside futhi ngenhloso. Zizingela ikakhulukazi emini, kuthi ebusuku zehlise umoya phakathi kwamahlamvu. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge mantis yase China, zihamba ebusuku. Yonke imithandelo yokuthandaza ingamakhosi angenakuqhathaniswa okuzifihla, aguqulwa kalula yigatsha noma imbali eyomile, ehlangana namahlamvu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, kwasungulwa uhlelo eSoviet Union lokusebenzisa imithandazo yokuthandaza kwezolimo njengokuvikela izinambuzane eziyingozi. Kamuva, lo mbono kwadingeka ushiywe ngokuphelele, ngoba, ngaphezu kwezinambuzane, ama-mantis akhulekayo abhubhisa izinyosi nezinye izinambuzane eziwusizo emnothweni.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Izithwalambiza zokukhuleka zowesilisa
Ama-mantis wokuthandaza ahlala kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya onyakeni, ezimweni ezingavamile, abanye abantu beqa umugqa ngonyaka nohhafu, kepha kuphela ezimweni ezenziwe ngokwenziwa. Izilwane ezincane ziyakwazi ukuzala kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa zizelwe. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo, abesifazane babamba iqhaza emidlalweni yokukhwelana kabili; abesilisa bavame ukusinda esikhathini sokuqala sokuzalisa, esivame ukuba phakathi kwamaphethelo aphakathi nendawo siqala ngo-Agasti bese siphela ngoSepthemba, kanti ezindaweni ezifudumele zingahlala cishe unyaka wonke.
Owesilisa uheha insikazi ngomdanso wakhe kanye nokukhishwa kwemfihlo ethile enamathelayo, ngephunga layo abona uhlobo lwayo kuyo futhi ayihlaseli. Inqubo yokukhwelana ingahlala kusuka emahoreni ayisithupha kuye kwayisishiyagalombili, ngenxa yalokho okungewona wonke ubaba wesikhathi esizayo onenhlanhla - ngaphezulu kwengxenye yabo kudliwa ngumlingani olambile. Insikazi izalela amaqanda esamba samaqanda ayi-100 kuya kwangama-300 ngesikhathi emaphethelweni amaqabunga noma kumagxolo ezihlahla. Ngesikhathi sokubambelela, ikhipha uketshezi olukhethekile, bese lukhuni, lwenze umfece noma i-odema ukuvikela inzalo ezintweni zangaphandle.
Isigaba samaqanda singahlala kusuka emavikini ambalwa kuye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, kuya ngethempelesha lomoya, ngemuva kwalokho izibungu zingena ziye ekukhanyeni, okubukeka zihluke kakhulu kubazali bazo. I-molt yokuqala ivela ngokushesha ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa futhi kuzoba okungenani ezine ngaphambi kokuba ifane nezihlobo zayo ezindala. Izibungu zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngemuva kokuzalwa ziqala ukondla izimpukane ezincane nomiyane.
Izitha ezingokwemvelo zokuthandaza
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani isithwalambiza
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ama-mantis wokuthandaza anezitha eziningi:
- zingadliwa yizinyoni eziningi, amagundane, kufaka phakathi ukundiza, izinyoka;
- phakathi kwalezi zinambuzane ezidla abantu kuyinsakavukela, zidla inzalo yazo, kanye nabanye abantu abasha.
Endle, kwesinye isikhathi ungabona izimpi ezibabazekayo phakathi kwalezi zinambuzane ezinolaka, ngenxa yalokho omunye wabalwi ozodliwa nakanjani. Isabelo sebhubesi semikhuleko yokuthandaza asibhubhi ezinyonini, ezinyokeni nakwezinye izitha, kodwa ezihlotsheni zazo ezilambile zaphakade.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma umphikisi omkhulu kunaye ehlasela imantisisi ekhulekayo, uyaphakamisa futhi avule izimpiko zakhe ezingezansi, ezinephethini enjengeso elikhulu elisabisayo. Ngokubambisana nalokhu, lesi sinambuzane siqala ngokuthinta amaphiko aso futhi senze imisindo ebukhali yokuchofoza, sizama ukwethusa isitha. Uma ukugxila kwehluleka, imantis mantis iyahlasela noma izame ukubaleka.
Ukuzivikela nokuzifihla ezitheni zabo, ama-mantis akhulekayo asebenzisa umbala wawo ongajwayelekile. Zihlangana nezinto ezizungezile, ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinambuzane zingaphenduka ngokoqobo zibe amahlumela ezimbali, ngokwesibonelo, i-orchid mantis, noma igatsha elincane eliphilayo, elinganikezwa kuphela ngezimpondo nekhanda.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isithwalambiza
Abantu bezinhlobo ezithile zalesi sinambuzane esingavamile baya ngokuya bencipha, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasenkabeni yeYurophu. Ezifundeni ezifudumele, isimo sabantu be-mantis sizinzile. Usongo olukhulu kulezi zinambuzane akuzona izitha zazo zemvelo, kodwa imisebenzi yabantu, ngenxa yalokho kugawulwa amahlathi, kulinywa amasimu ayindawo yokuhlala imithandazi yokuthandaza. Kunezimo lapho olunye uhlobo lususa olunye, ngokwesibonelo, imantis yokuthandaza, ehlala endaweni ethile, isusa imantis ejwayelekile kuyo, ngoba ihlukaniswa nokuminza okukhethekile, inamandla futhi inolaka ngaphezu kwesihlobo sayo.
Ezindaweni ezipholile, lezi zinambuzane zizala kancane kakhulu futhi izibungu kungenzeka zingazalwa kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha, ngakho-ke amanani azo alulama isikhathi eside ngokwedlulele. Umsebenzi omkhulu wokugcina inani labantu ligcina ama-steppes namasimu kungathintwanga imishini yezolimo. Izindwangu zokuthandaza zingaba wusizo olukhulu kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezingezona ezinobudlova.
Kubantu, ama-mantices wokukhuleka awayongozi yize ebukeka esabisa kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi futhi ehlasela i-hiss. Abanye abantu abakhulu kakhulu, ngenxa yemihlathi yabo eqinile, bangalimaza isikhumba, ngakho-ke kufanele bagcinwe kude nezingane. Isinambuzane esimangalisa futhi esimangazayo njenge isiphithiphithi, kungashiyi muntu ongenandaba. Ngenkathi izingqondo eziningi zesayensi ziqhubeka nokuphikisana ngezigaba eziyinhloko zokuziphendukela kwayo kanye nokhokho basendulo, abanye, ngemuva kokuhlola ngokucophelela imantis yokuthandaza, bayibiza ngesinambuzane esivela kwenye iplanethi, isidalwa esivela ngaphandle komhlaba.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 26.07.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/29/2019 ngo-21: 17
