Umhlaba wezinambuzane mkhulu ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane. Esinye sezibonelo ezingavamile futhi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu emathafeni... Lesi yisinambuzane esincane kakhulu okungajwayelekile ukuthi kube khona umuntu owake wasibona endle ngamehlo abo. Isilwane asiningi futhi sihlala emaqeleni kuphela, emithambekeni, emagqumeni nasezindaweni eziphansi, ezigcwele ngokuphelele uhlaza oluminyene, utshani basendle, umhlonyane. Luhlobo luni lwesinambuzane lesi "i-steppe rack"? Ake simazi kangcono.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Steppe dybka
Edlelweni, ama-steppe forbs kunezinambuzane eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Phakathi kwazo, umuntu ngeke ahluleke ukubona intethe enkulu kakhulu. Abantu abaningi abasoli ngisho nokuthi lokhu akuyona nje intethe, kodwa i-steppe rack - isilwane esingavamile kakhulu futhi esiyingqayizivele. Ukubona isinambuzane esinjalo ngamehlo akho kuyimpumelelo enkulu. Ngeshwa, inani laso lehla njalo. I-steppe pod uhlobo lwe-arthropod yezilwane, lufakiwe ezinambuzaneni zesigaba naku-oda - i-Orthoptera. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, namuhla inkulu kunazo zonke emndenini wezintethe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-steppe rack ayigcini nje ngokuba ngummeli omkhulu wentethe, kodwa futhi ihluke kakhulu. Abekho abesilisa phakathi kwezinambuzane zalolu hlobo. Yonke imilenze ngabesifazane!
Ungayibona kanjani i-steppe rack? Okokuqala, ungayibona ngosayizi wayo ongaziwa kahle wentethe ejwayelekile. Lena intethe enkulu, ubude bayo, ngokwesilinganiso, obungafinyelela kumamilimitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Futhi lokhu ngaphandle kokucabangela i-ovipositor. Imvamisa ayidluli amamilimitha angamashumi amane ngosayizi. Ngokwemvelo kwakukhona abantu abadala abanobukhulu obubaluleke kakhulu - cishe amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu.
Umbala wezikhonkwane ze-steppe awahlukile komunye umndeni wawo. Umbala womzimba wabo uluhlaza okotshani. Kaningi ungathola izintethe ezindala ezinombala onsundu ophuzi. Umzimba walezi zinambuzane uvuleke kakhulu, futhi ezinhlangothini ungabona imivimbo yobude, umbala wayo ulula kakhulu kunombala womzimba ojwayelekile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Grasshopper steppe rack
Indawo yokubeka izintaba inokubukeka kwesici. Ubukhulu obukhulu. Emndenini wezintethe zangempela, lolu hlobo lukhulu kakhulu. Usayizi ojwayelekile wesinambuzane esinjalo ungamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kukhona nabantu abakhulu - kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu ubude.
Umzimba ohlanganisiwe uluhlaza okotshani. Imivimbo elula ibekwa ezinhlangothini.
Ividiyo: ISteppe Dybka
Ikhanda elincane, isiphongo esitsheke kakhulu. Inhloko inesimo sesigaxa, icindezelwe kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini. Izitho zomlomo eduze ne-steppe rack zinamandla amakhulu, ziyaluma. Ama-mandibles angaluma kalula umphimbo wesilwane. Inezimpondo ezinde ezishiwoyo. Ubude bezimpondo bufinyelela, ngokwesilinganiso, amasentimitha amane. I-Antennae idlala indima ebalulekile. Benza umsebenzi wokuthinta. Futhi, amehlo amakhulu. Amehlo ezintethe ezinjalo ahle kakhulu, amehlo athuthukile.
I-steppe rack inamabhangqa amathathu emilenze: imilenze engaphambili, emaphakathi nengemuva. Imilenze yangaphambili naphakathi isetshenziselwa ukugijima nokubamba inyamazane. Lezi zinambuzane ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye. Imilenze yangaphambili isebenza njengethuluzi lokubamba inyamazane ngokuphepha. Imilenze yangemuva kungenzeka yenzelwe ukweqa. Zinamandla futhi zinde ngokwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, imilenze yangemuva cishe ayikaze igxume. Izimpiko ziyisisekelo. Abekho kwabanye abantu abadala.
Uhlala kuphi umasteppe?
Isithombe: Steppe Dybka eRussia
Idada le-steppe yisilwane esingavamile futhi esiyingqayizivele esidinga izimo ezikhethekile zokuphila. Isimo sezulu esipholile namathafa otshani anqatshelwe kufanele lezi zilwane. Lezi yizimo ezifanele zezilwane ezinjalo, ngakho-ke, emaqeleni, ama-dykes ajwayelekile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, inani labantu bezintethe nalo lihlala kwezinye izimo zomhlaba: emagqumeni, ezintabeni nasemathafeni, kugcwele kakhulu uhlaza. Ama-steppe dykes akhetha ukuhlala, ande ngezihlahla, utshani kanye nohlaza lwamabele. Kwezinye izindawo bahlala ezihlahleni ezinameva. Ababaningi abantu abahlala ezintabeni. Ama-steppe dykes awahlali ngaphezu kwamamitha ayinkulungwane namakhulu ayisikhombisa ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Indawo yokubeka izintaba yavela ngokuzenzela e-USA. Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa yekhulu elidlule, yalethwa ngokukhethekile esifundeni saseMichigan isuka e-Italy. Naphezu kokuvela okwenziwe endaweni yase-United States, i-steppe rack yajwayela ngokushesha lapho futhi yaqala kahle.
Indawo engokwemvelo yezindawo ezingama-steppe yincane kakhulu. Kubandakanya eningizimu yeYurophu, inhlonhlo yaseCrimea neMedithera. Indawo yemvelo ifaka iPyrenees, iBalkan ne-Apennines. Lezi zinkumbi ezinkulu zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phezu kwamathafa aseduze nolwandle olumnyama. Futhi, abantu ngabanye bezinambuzane ezinjalo batholakala emasimini angatshaliwe ensimini yaseRussia. Kukhona imali encane eSaratov, eVoronezh, eRostov, eChelyabinsk nakwezinye izifunda.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona i-steppe stump. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlani i-steppe duck?
Isithombe: Steppe Dybka ovela eRed Book
I-steppe pod ingabizwa ngokuthi isilwane esidla ezinye esiyingozi. Lesi silwane sinamakhono amahle okuzingela. Unamehlo amahle kakhulu, izidladla zangaphambili eziqinile, amathuluzi aqinile omlomo, okwazi ukuluma kalula umphimbo wezisulu. Futhi, lesi sinambuzane sikwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha phakathi kotshani nasemhlabathini. Uma kunesidingo, ingabanda isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa ukuze ilinde umzuzu ofanele kakhulu wokuhlaselwa. Kwesinye isikhathi bachitha ubusuku bonke becashe otshanini.
Ukuzingela komzingeli kudlala indima enkulu ekuzingeleni. Indawo yokubeka izintaba yaba nenhlanhla enkulu kulokhu. Umbala wayo oluhlaza wenza kube lula ukuzifihla otshanini obukhulu nakwezinye izimila. Isakhiwo somzimba esihlanganisiwe sisiza nasekuzifihleni. Kusuka kude, kungaphanjaniswa nesiqu sesitshalo, ngakho-ke abangahle babe izisulu zalesi sinambuzane abazi ekugcineni ukuthi bayazingelwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinkumbi ezinkulu zingamelana nendlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, lezi zinambuzane zingadla ngisho nezingxenye zemizimba yazo, kungasaphathwa izihlobo zazo.
Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwe-steppe duck kufaka:
- ama-mantises okuthandaza;
- izinkumbi;
- amabhungane ahlukahlukene;
- izimpukane;
- izihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu izintethe ezincane.
Ama-steppe dykes adla izinambuzane eziningi, kepha ezinye zazo zigwenywe ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, azidli izimbungulu, ezihambisana nephunga elibi kakhulu nelingemnandi. Izimbungulu zombhede zikhipha uketshezi olukhethekile. Abadli nezimvemvane ezinamaxolo. Kubo, ukwelashwa okunjalo kungaba yingozi. Izimvemvane zingavala umlomo ngokuphelele.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Steppe dybka
I-steppe rack yisilwane esingaphili isikhathi eside. Umjikelezo wempilo unyaka owodwa kuphela. Izinambuzane zihamba ubusuku bonke. Phakathi nosuku zithanda ukuphumula, zicashe phakathi kotshani obukhulu. Impilo yonke, ama-dykes akhetha izindawo ezinotshani obukhulu, umhlonyane noma utshani basendle. Zikhetha ukuhlala nokuzala emaqeleni, emagqumeni nasezintabeni, ezikude nabantu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu kungabizwa ngokuncane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi intethe ngayinye endala inendawo yayo yokuzingela.
Yonke imilenze yangemuva yemaqanda ayizilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngokuqala kokuhwalala, ziyaphuma lapho zicashe khona bese ziqala ukuzingela amabhungane ahlukahlukene, izinkumbi, izintokazi ezithandazayo, izimpukane nezintethe ezincane. Kwesinye isikhathi zizitika ngama-invertebrate amancane. Ngenkathi yokuzingela, i-steppe rack inganyakazi amahora amaningana, ilandelela inyamazane yayo. Kodwa-ke, konke kuvame ukushesha futhi kube lula. IDybka ibamba ngokuqinile inyamazane yayo ngezidladla zayo, iyilume entanyeni. Ukulunywa kuyabulala, ngakho-ke isilwane singamane sidle kancane.
Isuthe ngokwanele, ubusuku nemini, i-rackpepe ichitha cishe inganyakazi. Ilahleka kalula phakathi kwezimila ezimahhadla ngenxa yombala wayo wokuzifihla. Uhlamvu lwesinambuzane esinjalo alunakubizwa ngokuthi luhle. Izintethe zihlukaniswa ngesimo sazo sokulwa. Uma kunengozi, isilwane kuqala sizama ukubaleka, kepha uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke kuthatha indawo esongelayo. Uma ubamba i-rack, khona-ke ingakuluma kabuhlungu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Grasshopper steppe rack
I-steppe dyboka ukuphela komele uhlobo lohlobo okungekho abesilisa kulo. Ososayensi abaningi babandakanyeka ekuhlaziyweni nasekufundweni okuningiliziwe kwalolu daba. Kwesinye isikhathi izintethe zesilisa zezinhlobo ezifanayo zezilwane zazithathwa kwabesilisa. Kodwa-ke, bekungenakwenzeka ukufakazela ubukhona besilisa. Lesi sici salolu hlobo lwesinambuzane siyithinte kakhulu indlela yabo yokuphila kanye nenqubo yokuzala kabusha.
Izinsikazi zamadada asemaqeleni akudingeki zizifunele ngazimbili ukuze zelule uhlobo lohlobo lwazo. Banendlela yokuzala yokuzala, okungukuthi, amaqanda akhula emzimbeni wesilwane ngaphandle kokukhulelwa kwangaphambili. Abantu abadala bakulungele ukuzala ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane ngemuva kokuba imago. Imvamisa lesi sigaba siwela ngenyanga kaJulayi.
Amaqanda abekwa yizinambuzane ku-ovipositor ekhethekile - lesi yisitho sangemuva, esiqukethe ama-appendages ambalwa. Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi ihlola ngokucophelela inhlabathi. I-ovipositor nezimpondo kuyamsiza kulokhu. Ngosizo lwabo, kungenzeka ukuthola indawo enhle kakhulu yamaqanda, lapho izibungu zizobe sezithuthuka khona. Amaqanda abekwa kusihlwa. Ngesinye isikhathi, i-steppe rack iyakwazi ukuhlehlisa cishe izingcezu eziyisikhombisa. Ngasikhathi sinye, emzimbeni wowesifazane uqobo, inqubo yokuvuthwa kweqanda ayimisi. I-clutch yokugcina yenziwa ngoSepthemba, ngemuva kwalokho owesifazane uyafa.
Amaqanda ahlala enhlabathini futhi agcinwa engashintshi phakathi nobusika. Kuphela ngokufika kokushisa lapho izibungu ziqala ukuvela emaqandeni. Izibungu zokuqala zingamamilimitha angaba yishumi nambili ubude. Ukukhula kwabo okusebenzayo kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwenyanga eyodwa. Ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amathathu, isibungu sikhula ngosayizi cishe izikhathi eziyishumi. Yilapho kuphela inqubo yokuguqula umuntu omdala.
Izitha zemvelo zezintaba zimi
Isithombe: I-Steppe rack ngokwemvelo
I-steppe rack uqobo lwayo iyisilwane esidla izambane likapondo futhi kubhungane abaningi, izintethe, ama-mantis wokuthandaza nezinye izinambuzane kuyingozi enkulu. Isilwane sinemihlathi enamandla, imilenze eqine futhi sihamba ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu akumvikeli ezitheni eziningi zemvelo. Kungabonakala sengathi i-rack ifihle kahle. Umzimba waso ufana kakhulu nesiqu sesitshalo, futhi umbala waso wenza kube lula ukulahleka phakathi kohlobo oluhlaza. Kepha nalokhu akusindisi emhlane kuzidliwayo ezahlukahlukene.
Okuyingozi kakhulu kulezi zilwane yilezi:
- izicabucabu;
- ofezela;
- ama-centipedes;
- izinto ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane. Ezinye zazo zizalela amaqanda azo ngqo emzimbeni wentethe, okuholela ekufeni kancane kwalena yokugcina;
- izinyoni ezidla inyama. Cishe zonke izinyoni ezinkulu ngeke zenqabe ukuzitika ngentethe enkulu kangaka;
- amagundane; Amathafa ahlala amagundane amaningi, abamba ngobuciko ama-steppe. Kubo, ukuzingela okunjalo akunzima, ngoba emini izintethe ziyaphumula futhi zilahlekelwe ukuqapha kwazo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Steppe Dybka eRussia
I-steppe pod yisilwane esiyingqayizivele. Kodwa, ngeshwa, labo abamele umndeni wentethe bayancipha minyaka yonke. Namuhla lesi silwane asivamile futhi sifakwe ohlwini lweRed Book. Inani lezintethe ezinkulu lincane kakhulu futhi liyingcosana. Ngokuzayo, uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezithile, lesi sidalwa esiyingqayizivele singanyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba.
Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta kabi inani lama-dype asezintabeni ukubhujiswa kohlobo lwazo. Isabelo esithile secala lokuqothulwa komhlaba sitholakala ku-steppe uqobo lwazo. Banobuntu bokulwa nobudlova. Futhi, ukuhlolwa kwezilwane zasendle ngabantu. Izindawo eziningi ezihlala endaweni yemvelo yezintethe zithuthukiswa ngabantu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilwane zilahlekelwa izindawo zazo zokuhlala nokuzala.
Esinye isizathu izinguquko zemvelo emhlabeni. Umoya ongcolile, amanzi amabi, inhlabathi - konke lokhu akunakuba nomthelela omuhle enombolweni yezinambuzane. Ukushintsha kancane kancane ezimweni zezulu nakho kunomphumela othile. Utshani obomile obuwile. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezingavamile ziyafa. Muva nje, bazama ukulwa nalesi simo, benxusa abantu ukuthi bangashisi utshani. Kwamanye amazwe, izinhlawulo zinikezwa ngisho notshani obomile obomile.
Ukuvikelwa kwamathafa asemaqeleni
Isithombe: Steppe Dybka ovela eRed Book
Namuhla, kungalandelwa isimo esidabukisayo - inani eliphelele lemilenze yangemuva ye-steppe liyancipha ngokungenakuphikiswa. Ngalesi sizathu, lesi silwane sabalwa ohlwini lweRed Book futhi sahlonzwa njengengajwayelekile. Kukholakala ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwezimpaphe zotshani ngabantu. Impela, imisebenzi yabantu ibe nomthelela omubi enanini eliphelele lezilwane, kepha ayizange ibulale.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yemvelo kusinciphise kakhulu isibalo sezinambuzane futhi kwacacisa inani labantu. Kodwa-ke, ukwahlukaniswa kwesibalo sabantu ngeke kubhekwe njengesici esibalulekile esiholela ekuqothulweni kwezilwane, okubonakala ngemodi yokuzala kabusha. Ama-steppe hunches awadingi umbhangqwana ukwelula uhlobo lwawo futhi abeke amaqanda. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke kubantu bezintethe ivela ekusetshenzisweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Ngenxa yokwehla okusheshayo kwenani lemilenze yangemuva yama-steppe, lesi silwane sesivikelekile. ERussia, ivikelwe ngokucophelela ezindaweni ezigcinwayo ezahlukahlukene: iBashkir, iZhigulev, nabanye. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwanele ukulondolozwa nokwanda kwenani labantu bama-steppe dykes. Ukuze ulondoloze lesi silwane ekuqothulweni, kubalulekile ukushiya ngokuphelele ama-insecticide futhi uvikele ngokucophelela izindawo ezisele zendawo yemvelo ye-steppe pod.
I-steppe rack - isinambuzane esihle futhi esithakazelisa kakhulu. Angabizwa ngokuthi ngumzingeli onekhono nokuzifihla. Emini, ezimileni eziminyene, akubona bonke abantu abangabona nentethe enkulu kangaka. Ngeshwa, namuhla inani lemilenze yangemuva yama-steppe liyancipha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu kufanele banake kakhulu lezi zilwane futhi bazame ukuvikela izinhlobo zazo ngangokunokwenzeka emiphumeleni yezici ezahlukahlukene ezinomkhawulo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-19: 34
