Ukuqapha iNayile bajabulela inhlonipho enkulu kwabaseGibhithe lasendulo, ngaphezu kwalokho, babekhonza lezi zilwane bazakhela nezikhumbuzo zazo. Namuhla, lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni nasempilweni yansuku zonke yabantu basengxenyeni esenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Kuvamise ukuthi kudliwe inyama yezikele, bese kusetshenziswa nesikhumba ukwenza izicathulo. Izibankwa ziyazingelwa kusetshenziswa izintambo nezingwegwe zokudoba, futhi izingcezu zezinhlanzi, inyama, izithelo zisebenza njengesithiyo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Nile Monitor
I-Nile Monitor (i-Lacerta monitor) yaqala ukuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe emuva ngo-1766 ngudokotela wezilwane odumile uCarl Linnaeus. Ngokwesigaba sanamuhla, isilwane esihuquzelayo singaphansi kohlelo lwe-scaly nohlobo lwe-Varany. Umqaphi weNayile uhlala ezifundeni ezimaphakathi naseningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika, kufaka phakathi i-Central Egypt (ngasemfuleni iNayile) naseSudan. Isihlobo sayo esiseduzane yi-steppe monitor lizard (Varanus exanthematicus).
Ividiyo: Nile Monitor
Lolu uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwezibankwa eziqaphelayo, futhi futhi esinye sezibankwa ezivame kakhulu e-Afrika yonkana. Ngokusho kososayensi bezilwane, isibankwa seNile Monitor saqala ukusabalala kulo lonke izwekazi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziningi eyedlule kusuka endaweni yasePalestine naseJordani, lapho kwatholakala khona izinsalela ezindala kakhulu.
Umbala wezibankwa zokuqapha ungaba mpunga noma ube mnyama, kuthi uma umbala umnyama kube mnyama, isirhubuluzi sincane. Amaphethini namachashazi aphuzi ngokugqamile kusakazeke yonke indawo ngemuva, emsileni nasemilenzeni engenhla. Isisu sesibankwa sikhanya - siphuzi ngombala futhi sinamabala amaningi amnyama. Umzimba wesirhubuluzi uqobo uqine kakhulu, unemisipha enezidladla eziqinile ngendlela emangalisayo, ehlome ngozipho abade abavumela izilwane ukuba zambe umhlabathi, zikhuphuke kahle izihlahla, zizingele, zidwengule inyamazane zibe yizicucu futhi zivikele ezitheni.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Great Nile Monitor
Njengoba sekushiwo, abantu abasha balezi zinhlobo banombala omnyama ngokuqhathanisa nezibankwa ezindala zokuqapha. Umuntu angasho nokuthi acishe abe mnyama, anemivimbo egqamile enqamulelayo enamachashazi aphuzi amancane nakhulu amakhulu. Ekhanda, banephethini yesici equkethe ama-specks aphuzi. Izibankwa ezindala ezinombala oluhlaza okotshani noma zomnqumo ngombala ezinemivimbo engacacile ewela amabala aphuzi kunalezo ezincane.
Isilwane esihuquzelayo sixhunyaniswe kakhulu namanzi, ngakho-ke sikhetha ukuhlala osebeni lwamachibi emvelo, lapho sisuswe khona kakhulu. Lapho isibankwa esisengcupheni sisengozini, asibaleki, kepha ngokuvamile senza sengathi sifile futhi singahlala kulesi simo isikhathi esithile.
Umzimba wezibankwa ezindala zeNayile ujwayele ukuba ngu-200-230 cm ubude, cishe uhhafu wobude uwe emsileni. Ama-specimens amakhulu kakhulu anesisindo esingama-20 kg.
Ulimi lwesigcilikisha lude, luboshwe ngemfoloko ekugcineni, lunenani elikhulu lama-receptors anamakha. Ukwenza lula ukuphefumula ngenkathi ubhukuda, amakhala abekwe phezulu kumlomo wesifonyo. Amazinyo abantu abasha abukhali kakhulu, kepha aba buthuntu ngokuguga. Ukuqapha izibankwa zihlala endle ngokuvamile azidluli eminyakeni eyi-10-15, futhi ezindaweni zokuhlala eziseduze iminyaka yazo yobudala ayidluli iminyaka eyi-8.
Uhlala kuphi umsila weNile?
Isithombe: Nile Monitor in Africa
Izwe lakubo lezibankwa zokuqapha iNayile lithathwa njengezindawo lapho kunemizimba yamanzi unomphela, kanye:
- amahlathi emvula;
- i-savannah;
- isihlahla;
- izihlahla ezingaphansi;
- amaxhaphozi;
- emaphethelweni ezingwadule.
Ukuqapha izibankwa zizizwa kamnandi kakhulu emasimini atshaliwe eduze nemizana, uma kungalandelwa lapho. Azihlali phezulu ezintabeni, kepha zivame ukutholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle.
Indzawo yetintfo tekucaphela iNayile isuka etulu kwaNile kulo lonkhe livekati lase-Afrika ngaphandle kwaseSahara, emagwadule lamancane eNamibia, Somalia, Botswana, Ningizimu Afrika. Emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zaseCentral naseNtshonalanga Afrika, ngandlela thile iphambana nobubanzi besibankwa sokuqapha esihlotshisiwe (Varanus ornatus).
Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, izigaxa zeNayile zokuqapha zitholakale eFlorida (e-USA), futhi sezivele ngo-2008 - eCalifornia naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeMiami. Kungenzeka, izibankwa ezisendaweni engajwayelekile kangako zikhululwe ngengozi - ngephutha labathandi abangakhathali nabanganaki bezilwane ezingaphandle. Ukuqapha izibankwa zisheshe zivumelane nezimo ezintsha futhi zaqala ukuphazamisa ibhalansi yemvelo ebisungulwe ngaphambili, zonakalisa imvuthuluka yamaqanda ezingwenya futhi zidla amaphuphu azo asanda kuchanyuselwa.
Yini edliwa yisililo iNile?
Isithombe: Nile monitor lizard in nature
Izibankwa zeNile ziqapha izidalwa, ngakho-ke zingazingela noma yiziphi izilwane ezinamandla okubhekana nazo. Ngokuya ngendawo, iminyaka nesikhathi sonyaka, indlela abadla ngayo ingahluka. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi semvula, ikakhulukazi ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans, ama-amphibian, izinyoni, amagundane amancane. Ngenkathi eyomile, izidumbu ziyanqoba kwimenyu. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi ukuqapha izibankwa zivame ukona ngamazimuzimu, kepha lokhu akujwayelekile kubantu abasha, kepha kubantu abadala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ubuthi benyoka abuyingozi kulezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo, ngakho-ke zizingela ngempumelelo izinyoka.
Izibankwa ezisencane zikhetha ukudla ama-molluscs nama-crustaceans, kanti izibankwa ezindala zithanda i-arthropods. Lokhu kuthandwa kokudla akwenzi ngengozi - kubangelwa izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala esakhiweni samazinyo, ngoba eminyakeni edlule ziya ngokuba banzi, zijiye futhi zingabi bukhali kangako.
Isikhathi semvula yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuthi abaqaphi beNayile bathole ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, zizingela ngomdlandla omkhulu emanzini nasemhlabeni. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, izibankwa zivame ukuqamekela inyamazane yazo engase ibe khona eduze komgodi wokunisela noma zimane zidle izidumbu ezahlukahlukene.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kwenzeka ukuthi izibankwa ezimbili zokuqapha zihlangane ndawonye ukuzingela ngokuhlanganyela. Indima yomunye wabo ukuphambukisa ukunaka kwengwenya egade i-clutch yayo, iqhaza lenye ukubhubhisa isidleke ngokushesha futhi iphunyuke namaqanda emazinyweni ayo. Izibankwa zisebenzisa indlela efanayo yokuziphatha uma zichitha izidleke zezinyoni.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ungasondla kanjani isibankwa seNile. Ake sibone ukuthi uhlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Nile Monitor
Izibankwa zeNile Monitor zingabazingeli abahle, abakhasi, abagijimi kanye nabatshuzi. Abantu abasha bakhuphuka futhi bagijime kangcono kakhulu kunabalingani babo abadala. Isibankwa esikhulile esiseduze nebanga singamthola kalula umuntu. Lapho ama-monitors elandelwa, ezimweni eziningi afuna ukusindiswa emanzini.
Ezimweni zemvelo, izibankwa zeNile zihlala ngaphansi kwamanzi ihora noma ngaphezulu. Ukuhlolwa okufanayo kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezithunjiwe kukhombisile ukuthi ukucwiliswa kwabo ngaphansi kwamanzi kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sehora. Ngesikhathi sokuntywila, izibankwa zithola ukwehla okuphawulekayo kokushaya kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zivame ukushona, kanti ebusuku, ikakhulukazi uma kupholile, zicasha ezidulini zomuhlwa nasemigodini. Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, ukuqapha izibankwa kungahlala ngaphandle, zifele emanzini, ingxenye icwiliswe kuwo, noma ilele emagatsheni ezihlahla eziwugqinsi. Njengendlu yokuhlala, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zisebenzisa yomibili imisele eyenziwe ngomumo nalabo abemba ngezandla zabo. Ngokuyinhloko, izindawo zokuhlala izibankwa (imingxuma) zitholakala enhlabathini enesihlabathi nesihlabathi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umgodi wesibankwa uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: iphaseji ende (6-7 m) negumbi lokuhlala elibanzi ngokwanele.
Izibankwa zokuqapha iNayile zisebenza kakhulu emini nasemahoreni ambalwa okuqala ntambama. Bathanda ukushiswa yilanga ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukahlukene. Zivame ukubonakala zigcwala ilanga zilele phezu kwamatshe, emagatsheni ezihlahla, emanzini.
Abesilisa balawula iziza zamamitha skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50-60. m, kanye namamitha skwele ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 anele kwabesifazane. m. Ezingachanyuselwa njalo emaqandeni, abesilisa baqala ngezizathu ezinesizotha samamitha-skwele angama-30. m, ezikhula lapho zikhula. Imingcele yezindawo zezibankwa ivame ukuhlangana, kepha lokhu kuyaqabukela kuholele kunoma yiziphi izingxabano, ngoba izindawo ezivamile zivame ukutholakala eduze nemizimba yamanzi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Monitor Baby Nile
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala. Ukuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana kwezibankwa zokuqapha iNayile kuhlala njalo ekupheleni kwenkathi yemvula. Eningizimu ye-Afrika, lokhu kwenzeka kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi, nasentshonalanga, kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba.
Ukuthola ilungelo lokuqhubeka nomjaho, abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi bahlela izimpi ezinesiko. Baqale babukane isikhathi eside bengahlaseli, bese kuthi kwesinye isikhathi lowo ongcono agxumele emhlane womphikisi amsunduzele phansi ngamandla akhe onke. Abesilisa abahluliwe bahamba, futhi abawinile bahlangana nabesifazane.
Ezidlekeni zazo, abesifazane bavame ukusebenzisa izindunduma zomuhlwa eziseduze nemizimba yamanzi. Bazimba ngokungenasisekelo, babekele amaqanda abo lapho ngemithamo engu-2-3 futhi abasenandaba nokuqhubeka kwamazinyane abo esikhathi esizayo. Umuhlwa ulungisa umonakalo bese amaqanda avuthwa ezingeni lokushisa elifanele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-clutch eyodwa, kuya ngosayizi nobudala besifazane, ingaqukatha amaqanda ayi-5-60.
Isikhathi sokufukamela samaqanda ezibankwa sihlala ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuye kwezi-6. Isikhathi saso sincike emvelweni. Izibankwa ezisanda kuchanyuselwa zinobude bomzimba obucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-30 nobunzima obungu-30 g. Imenyu yezingane ekuqaleni iqukethe izinambuzane, ama-amphibia, ama-slugs, kodwa kancane kancane, njengoba zikhula, ziqala ukuzingela inyamazane enkulu.
Izitha zemvelo zeNayile ziqapha izibankwa
Isithombe: Nile Monitor in Africa
Izitha zemvelo zezilonda zokuqapha iNayile zingabhekwa:
- izinyoni ezidla inyama (uklebe, ukhozi, ukhozi);
- ama-mongooses;
- imfezi.
Njengoba izibankwa zivikelekile ngisho nakubuthi benyoka obuqine kakhulu, imfezi ivame ukuphenduka isitha ibe yisisulu futhi idliwe ngokuphepha kusukela ekhanda kuye ekugcineni komsila.
Futhi ekuqapheni izibankwa zalolu hlobo, ikakhulukazi ekukhuleni okusha okusanda kuchanyuselwa, izingwenya zaseNayile zivame ukuzingela. Abantu abadala, ngokusobala ngenxa yesipiliyoni sabo sempilo, mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi babe yizisulu zezingwenya. Ngaphezu kokuzingela, izingwenya zivame ukuhamba ngendlela elula - zonakalisa amaqhugwane amaqanda ezibankwa zokuqapha.
Ukuvikela ezitheni eziningi, iNile iqapha izibankwa azisebenzisi nje izidladla namazinyo abukhali kuphela, kodwa nomsila wazo omude futhi oqinile. Kubantu abadala, ungabona isici esibucayi nezibazi ezimsila emsileni, okukhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwaso njengoswazi.
Kukhona nezimo ezejwayelekile lapho izinyoni ezidla inyama, zibamba isibankwa sokuqapha singaphumeleli kakhulu (sishiya ikhanda noma umsila sikhululekile), zona ngokwazo ziba isisulu sazo. Yize, bewile ekuphakameni okukhulu ngesikhathi sokulwa okunjalo, bobabili umzingeli kanye nesisulu sakhe bavame ukufa, bese kuba ukudla kwezinye izilwane ezingakudeleli ukubola, ngaleyo ndlela babambe iqhaza kumjikelezo wokuphila emvelweni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Nile monitor lizard in nature
Njengoba sekushiwo, izilonda zeNayile eziqapha abantu base-Afrika bezihlala zithathwa njengezilwane ezingcwele, ezifanele ukukhonzwa nokwakhiwa kwamatshe esikhumbuzo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukaze kuvimbele futhi akuvimbi abantu ukuba babaqothule.
Inyama nesikhumba sesibankwa sokuqapha kunenani elikhulu kakhulu kwabomdabu base-Afrika. Ngenxa yobumpofu, bambalwa babo abakwazi ukuthenga ingulube, inyama yenkomo kanye nenkukhu. Ngakho-ke kufanele uhlukanise imenyu yakho ngalokho okungabizi kakhulu - inyama yesibankwa. Ukunambitheka kwayo kufana kakhulu nenkukhu, kodwa futhi kunomsoco kakhulu.
Isikhumba sesibankwa siqine kakhulu futhi sihle impela. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza, izicathulo, izikhwama nezinye izesekeli. Ukwengeza esikhunjeni nasenyameni, izitho zangaphakathi zesibankwa sokuqapha zinenani elikhulu, ezisetshenziswa ngabelaphi bendawo ukwakha uzungu nokwelapha cishe zonke izifo. EMelika, lapho izibankwa zokuqapha zivela ekufayweni kwabathandi abangajwayelekile, isimo sibuyiselwa emuva - ukwanda kwabantu ngokushesha kwaqoshwa, ngoba akuyona inkambiso yokuzingela lapho.
Eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yama-2000s enyakatho yeKenya, ukuqina kwesibalo sabaqaphi abangama-40-60 kwaqoshwa ngekhilomitha elilodwa lesikwele. Endaweni yaseGhana, lapho lolu hlobo luvikelwe khona kakhulu, inani labantu liphakeme kakhulu. Endaweni yeLake Chad, ukuqapha izibankwa akuvikelwe, ukuzingelwa kwazo kuvunyelwe, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, inani labantu kule ndawo liphakeme kakhulu kunaseKenya.
AmaNayile aqapha izibankwa
Isithombe: Ukuqapha iNayile okuvela eRed Book
Ekhulwini leminyaka eledlule, izibankwa zeNayile eziqapha izintaba zaqothulwa ngenkuthalo nangokungalawuleki. Ngonyaka owodwa nje, kwembiwa izikhumba ezingaba yisigidi, ezazithengiswa abahlali bendawo abampofu kubantu baseYurophu ababedlubulundela ngokungathathanga lutho futhi zathunyelwa emazweni angaphandle kwe-Afrika ngokungalawuleki. Ekhulwini leminyaka lamanje, ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu nokwazi ukusebenza ngamandla kwezinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo, lesi simo sesishintshe kakhulu futhi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zokongiwa kwemvelo, inani lezibankwa laqala ukubuyela esimeni.
Uma ucabanga kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, khona-ke isibankwa seNayile sokuqapha asikwazi ukubizwa ngesilwane esingajwayelekile, ngoba sithathwa njengezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuqapha isibankwa kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika futhi sihlala lapho cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezingwadule nezindawo ezinezintaba. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izifundazwe zase-Afrika, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezinga lempilo yabantu, isimo esinezibalo zokuqapha izibankwa sihlukile. Isibonelo, emazweni ampofu e-Afrika, inani labantu lisinda ngokulambisa kanti nenyama yezibankwa zokuqapha iyingxenye ebalulekile yemenyu yenyama yabo. Emazweni acebile, ukuqapha izibankwa cishe azikaze zizingelwe, ngakho-ke, azidingi zindlela zokuzivikela lapho.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izilonda zokuqapha iNayile zi-hermits eziqinile futhi zihlangana kuphela ngokuzala.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule nile qapha iba isilwane kaningi. Ukuzikhethela isilwane esifanayo, kufanele wazi ukuthi siyamangalisa futhi sinolaka. Ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, ukuqapha izibankwa kungabashaya ngamandla abanikazi bazo ngezidladla nangomsila. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe abakukhuthazi ukuqala isibankwa esinjalo ekhaya sabaqalayo, futhi abathandi bezemvelo abanolwazi oluningi bayelulekwa ukuthi baqaphele.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 21.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-18: 32
