Esinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni wethu itapir enesipele esimnyama... Ama-tapir ayizilwane ezinkulu ezidla utshani kusukela ku-oda ye-artiodactyl. Babukeka njengengulube ngokubukeka kwabo, kodwa-ke, banesiqu esifana nendlovu. Kunenganekwane ngama-tapir yokuthi umdali wadala lezi zilwane ezingxenyeni ezisele zemizimba yezinye izilwane, futhi le nganekwane inesizathu esizwakalayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-tapir enesipele esimnyama
I-Tapirus indicus (i-tapir enesipele esimnyama) ingeyombuso wezilwane, uhlobo lwe-chordate, izilwane ezincelisayo zasekilasini, ukuhleleka okune-equid, umndeni we-tapir, uhlobo lwe-tapir, uhlobo lwe-tapir olusekelwa abamnyama. ITapir yizilwane zasendulo ngokumangalisayo. Okhokho bokuqala bama-tapir baphila emhlabeni wethu eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamashumi amathathu edlule, kepha ama-tapir anamuhla awahlukile kokhokho bawo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaphambi kwe-Ice Age, ama-tapir ayehlala eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika naseChina.
Namuhla sekusele izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zama-tapir:
- I-tapir yaseMexico (lolu hlobo luhlala ezindaweni ezisuka eningizimu yeMexico ziye e-Ecuador);
- IBrazil (ihlala ezindaweni ezisuka eParaguay iye eColombia);
- UMountain Tapir uhlala eColombia nase-Ecuador. Ama-tapir ezintaba ambozwe ngoboya obukhulu.
Ama-tapir acishe afane nengulube noma ihhashi. Imilenze yetapir iyafana neyehhashi. Emilenzeni, izinselo zineminwe emithathu emilenzeni yangemuva, nezinzwane ezine ngaphambili. Futhi nasemilenzeni kukhona ama-callus njengehhashi. Ama-tapir anomzimba omkhulu ngokwedlulele, ikhanda elincane okukhona kulo isiqu esidlulisekayo. Lezi zilwane zizalwa ngombala ofanayo okhokho bazo ababephila ngazo: imivimbo elula idlula ibhekane nesizinda esimnyama futhi yelula kusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni.
I-tapir enesipele esimnyama ihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwendawo enkulu ekhanyayo ejazini ngemuva nasemaceleni. Ngo-1919, uGeorges Cuvier, isazi esidumile se-paleontologist, wenza isitatimende sokuthi zonke izilwane ezinkulu zatholwa yisayensi, noma kunjalo, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva wengeza esinye isilwane esimangalisayo emsebenzini wakhe "Umlando Wezemvelo" - i-tapir.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-tapir enesipele esimnyama ngokwemvelo
I-tapir enesipele esimnyama iyinhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi komndeni we-tapir. Ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-1.9 kuye ku-2.5 metres. Ukuphakama kwesilwane ekubuneni kusuka ku-0.8 kuya ku-1 imitha. Umuntu omdala unesisindo esisuka ku-245 kuye ku-330 kg. Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona abantu abanesisindo esiyingxenye yethani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. I-tapir enamehlo amnyama ingahlukaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ngendawo yayo enkulu emhlophe ngemuva, nayo eyehlela ezinhlangothini. Umbala wejazi we-tapir unombala onsundu noma omnyama.
Kukhona umngcele omhlophe ezincwadini zezindlebe. Lapho zizalwa, amawundlu anombala onemigqa, futhi kuphela ezinyangeni eziyi-7 umbala uyashintsha bese kwakheka ijazi elikhulu lesali yesihlalo. Izinwele zalolu hlobo zifushane. Isikhumba simbi futhi siwugqinsi. Ku-nape nasekhanda, isikhumba siminyene ikakhulukazi, lokhu kuvikela i-tapir ekulimaleni.
Ividiyo: I-tapir enesipele esimnyama
ITapir yisilwane esikhulu esinezinselo ezinkulu ezifana nezamahhashi. Ukuhamba kubi, kepha ama-tapir ahamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Ikhanda lincane ngoskhanda kunezindlebe ezincane kanye nesiqu esikhulu esiguqukayo. Isiqu sakheke ngomlomo nangaphezulu.
Amehlo esilwane mancane, amile okweqanda. Abantu abaningi balezi zinhlobo banesifo esifana ne-corneal opacity, ngakho-ke ama-tapir amaningi awaboni kahle. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kucasulwa umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela nokuthinta. ITapir inomsila omncane. Imilenze yesilwane iyafana nokwakheka kwehhashi, nokho, mfushane kakhulu.
Ihlala kuphi i-tapir enesipele esimnyama?
Isithombe: I-tapir enesipele esimnyama eThailand
Endle, ama-tapir ahlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, futhi lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zingatholakala nasezindaweni ezisenkabeni naseningizimu yeThailand, eMalaysia, eMiami, nasesiqhingini saseSumatra. Ngamanani amancane, lezi zilwane zitholakala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo eningizimu yeCambodia naseVietnam. ITapir ihlala emahlathini aminyene, anomswakama.
Zikhetha izindawo lapho kunezitshalo eziningi eziluhlaza nalapho zingacasha khona emehlweni ezilwane ezidla ezinye. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile lapho ukhetha indawo yokuhlala ukuba khona kwedamu. Ama-tapir angabhukudi abahle kakhulu futhi achitha iningi lempilo yawo emanzini; awakubekezeleli ukushisa futhi achitha usuku lonke echibini. Lapho zibhukuda, lezi zilwane nazo zihlangene nezinhlanzi ezincane, zihlanza uboya besilwane ezifweni ezahlukahlukene.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Phakathi kwama-tapir anezinsimbi ezimnyama, kuvame ukuthi kube nabantu abamnyama ngokuphelele, okuthiwa ama-melanists. Ngaphezu kombala, awahlukile kwabanye abamele lolu hlobo. Isikhathi sokuphila se-tapir cishe iminyaka engama-30.
Izilwane zizama ukungayi emathafeni nasezindaweni ezivulekile njengoba zinezitha eziningi kakhulu naphezu kobukhulu bazo obukhulu. Amahlosi namabhubesi, izinhlwathi nezinye izilwane eziningi ezidlayo ziphupha ngokudla inyama ye-tapir. Ngakho-ke, ama-tapir ahola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, azulazule ehlathini ikakhulukazi ebusuku, ebusuku umbala wawo uba uhlobo lokuzifihla, ngoba ebumnyameni umhlaseli akakwazi ukuhlukanisa imigwaqo yesilwane ebona indawo emhlophe kuphela, inkohliso ebonakalayo enjalo isindisa ama-tapir ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-tapir enesipele omnyama ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idla ngani i-tapir enesipele esimnyama?
Isithombe: I-tapir enesipele esimnyama evela kwiRed Book
Ama-tapir ayizilwane ezidla utshani.
Ukudla kwe-tapir kuqukethe:
- amaqabunga ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene;
- izithelo nemifino;
- amajikijolo;
- amagatsha namahlumela ezihlahla;
- ubulembu, amakhowe nobulembu;
- amakhambi nolwelwe.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama-tapir ayaluthanda usawoti, uvame ukuthathwa emzimbeni wabo, ama-tapir angahamba amabanga amade eyofuna lesi sibiliboco. Futhi badinga ukudla ushoki nobumba, lezi zinto zingumthombo omuhle kakhulu wezinto ezilandelanayo zokulandela umkhondo. Ngenkathi ama-tapir esemanzini, akha ulwelwe ngesiqu sawo, adle iplankton, akhiphe amagatsha ezihlahleni ezigcwele amanzi. ITapir inedivayisi enhle yokuthola ukudla - isiqu. Ngesiqu sayo, i-tapir ikha amaqabunga nezithelo ezihlahleni ikufake emlonyeni wayo.
Ngaphandle kobudlwangudlwangu babo bangaphandle, ama-tapir ayizilwane eziqinile impela futhi ngesikhathi sesomiso angahamba amabanga amade eyofuna ukudla. Kwezinye izindawo, lezi zilwane ezinhle nezinokuthula zingadala umonakalo omkhulu. Ama-tapir anganyathela futhi adle amaqabunga namagatsha emasimini lapho kutshalwa khona izihlahla zikashokoledi, futhi lezi zilwane nazo zikhetha umoba, umango namakhabe, futhi zingalimaza amasimu alezi zitshalo. Ekuthunjweni, ama-tapir anikezwa ukudla okufanayo nezingulube. Ama-tapir athanda kakhulu ukudla isinkwa namaswidi ahlukahlukene. Ungadla i-oats, ukolweni, nezinye izithelo zokusanhlamvu nemifino ehlukahlukene.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-tapir enesipele esimnyama
Endle, ama-tapir ayizilwane eziyimfihlo kakhulu, ahamba ebusuku. Ngesikhathi sasemini, lezi zilwane zichitha cishe usuku lonke emanzini. Lapho, bacasha ezilwaneni eziyizilwane naselangeni elishisayo. Futhi futhi lezi zilwane azihlali zingafuni ukugeza ngodaka, lokhu kuzikhulula kuma-parasites ahlala ngoboya bazo, futhi kunikeza izilwane injabulo enkulu. ITapir ibhukuda kahle, kufaka phakathi ngaphansi kwamanzi, ingathola ukudla kwayo lapho. Izwa ingozi, i-tapir ingangena emanzini futhi ingaveli ebusweni isikhathi esithile.
Ebusuku, ama-tapir azulazula ehlathini efuna ukudla. Lezi zilwane zibona kabi, kepha ukungaboni kahle kunxeshezelwa umuzwa omuhle wokuhogela nokuthinta, ebumnyameni ziholwa yimisindo nephunga. Ama-tapir anamahloni kakhulu, ezwa i-rustle noma ezwa ukuthi isilwane singasizingela, sibaleke ngokushesha ngokwanele. Emini, bazama ukungashiyi amahlathi noma amanzi, ukuze bangabi isisulu somzingeli.
Ama-tapir ahola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, okuwukuphela kwento eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lapho owesilisa ehlangana nowesifazane ukuzala nokukhulisa inzalo. Ngezinye izikhathi, izilwane ziziphatha ngokuhlukumeza izihlobo zazo, azivunyelwe ukungena endaweni yazo, ngisho nangesikhathi sokufuduka, ama-tapir ahamba ngawodwana noma ngamabili esuka kowesilisa nowesifazane. Ukuxhumana nomunye nomunye, ama-tapir enza imisindo ekhalayo efana nekhwela. Ebona isihlobo sakhe eduze kwakhe, itapir izozama ngazo zonke izindlela ukumxosha endaweni yakhe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ama-tapir athuthukiswa ngokwengqondo ngokulingana nengulube yasekhaya. Ngaphandle kokuthi endle, lezi zilwane ziziphatha ngochuku, zishesha ukujwayela impilo yokuthunjwa, ziqale ukulalela abantu futhi zikuqonde.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Tapir Cub enombala omnyama
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sama-tapir siwela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli-Meyi. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kukhona nangoJuni. Ekuthunjweni, ama-tapir alungele ukuzala unyaka wonke. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, ama-tapir anemidlalo yokukhwelana yangempela: izilwane zenza imisindo ekhwela kakhulu, ngale misindo, abesifazane bangathola owesilisa ehlathini, nowesilisa kowesifazane. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, izilwane ziyavunguza, ziyaluma futhi zenze imisindo ephezulu.
Ukukhwelana kuqalwa ngowesifazane. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi kuhlala kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-410. Ngokuyinhloko, ama-tapir azala izinyane elilodwa kuphela, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuthi kuzalwe amawele. Insikazi inakekela izinyane, iyayondla futhi iyivikele ezingozini.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, izinyane lihlala endaweni yokukhosela isikhashana, kepha lapho selineminyaka eyisonto elilodwa, izinyane liqala ukuhamba nonina. Ama-tapir amancane anombala omthende ovikelayo ozoshintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala, insikazi yondla leli bisi ngobisi; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iwundlu liyashintsha ukutshala ukudla, kuqala ngamahlamvu amathenda, izithelo notshani obuthambile. Amantshontsho ama-tapir akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi lapho enezinyanga eziyisithupha i-tapir encane iba ngosayizi womuntu omdala. Ama-tapir akulungele ukuzalanisa eneminyaka engu-3-4.
Izitha zemvelo zama-tapir amnyama
Isithombe: I-tapir enesipele esimnyama ngokwemvelo
Lezi zilwane ezinhle zinezitha eziningi endle. Izitha eziyinhloko zama-tapir yilezi:
- amasofa;
- Izingwe nezingwe;
- izingwenya;
- inyoka Anaconda;
- ama-caimans.
Ukusuka ezilwaneni ezinkulu zomndeni wekati, ama-tapir acasha emanzini, ngoba lezi zilwane aziwathandi amanzi. Kodwa emanzini ama-tapir, enye ingozi ilele - lezi izingwenya nezinhlwathi. Izingwenya ziyashesha futhi zinhle kakhulu ekuzingeleni emanzini, futhi kunzima nge-tapir ukubaleka kulezi zilwane ezidla ezinye.
Kodwa isitha main tapir kwaba futhi uhlala indoda. Ngabantu abagawula amahlathi okuhlala kuwo ama-tapir. Lezi zilwane ezihluphekayo azinandawo yokuhlala, ngoba ezindaweni ezivulekile ziba isisulu sezilwane ezidla ezinye, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusika amahlathi, umuntu uphuca lezi zilwane into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukudla. Futhi ezindaweni eziningi ama-tapir abhujiswa ngabantu ukuze kulondolozwe isivuno.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zilwane zilimaza izitshalo nokutshalwa kwezihlahla zezithelo namafutha, ngakho-ke abantu baxosha ama-tapir uma bebona ukuthi lezi zilwane zihlala eduze kwezitshalo. Yize ngalesi sikhathi ukuzingela ama-tapir kungavunyelwe, lezi zilwane ziyaqhubeka nokucekelwa phansi ngoba inyama ye-tapir ibhekwa njengokudla kwangempela, futhi izintambo neziswebhu zenziwa ngesikhumba esinyene sesilwane. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yabantu, inani le-tapir lehle kakhulu, futhi lolu hlobo lusengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ama-tapir ama-black-backed
Ngenxa yokuthi cishe ama-50% amahlathi asezindaweni ezihlala ama-tapir anqunyiwe eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi amahlathi asekhona angafinyeleleki kuma-tapir, inani lezilwane lehle kakhulu. Ezindaweni lapho lezi zilwane bezihlala khona, kusala ama-10% kuphela amahlathi, afanele ama-tapir. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zivame ukushushiswa ngabantu ngenxa yokonakala nokucekela phansi izitshalo. Izilwane zivame ukubulawa noma zilimale engahlosile lapho zifuna ukuziqhuba zisuke emasimini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma i-tapir ingena emapulazini nakwezinye izindawo ezivikelwe yizinja, lapho izinja zihlasela, ama-tapir awabaleki, kepha akhombisa ulaka. Uma i-tapir ikhonjiwe yizinja, ingaqala ukuluma nokuhlasela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-tapir, ezwa ingozi, ingahlasela umuntu.
Namuhla uhlobo lweTapirus indicus Black-backed tapir lubhalwe kuRed Book futhi lunesimo sohlobo olusengozini yokuqothuka. Ukuzingela izilwane zalolu hlobo akuvunyelwe ngumthetho, kepha inani elikhulu lama-tapir libhujiswa ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Ama-tapir asengozini enkulu ngesikhathi sokufuduka, lapho ephoqeleka ukuthi aye ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Uma abantu bengayeki ukugawula amahlathi nokuzingela ama-tapir, lezi zilwane zizophela maduzane. Iningi lama-tapir manje selihlala eziqiwini ezivikelekile, kodwa lezi zilwane azali kancane. Inani eliqondile lama-tapir asendle kunzima kakhulu ukulandelela ngenxa yokuthi izilwane zihamba ebusuku futhi ziyimfihlo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-tapir angathutha ezindaweni zawo ezijwayelekile efuna ukudla, futhi kungaba nzima ukuthola indawo yawo entsha.
Ukuphepha kwama-tapir amnyama
Isithombe: I-tapir enesipele esimnyama evela kwiRed Book
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi amahlathi ashisayo, lapho kuhlala khona ama-tapir, sekuba yingozi enkulu kubantu bezinhlobo. Ukugcina inani lama-tapir eNicaragua, eThailand nakwamanye amazwe amaningi, ukuzingela ama-tapir akuvunyelwe ngumthetho. Eminye imikhakha iyabandakanyeka ekulweni nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Izinqolobane zenziwa lapho lezi zilwane zihlala khona futhi zizalane ngempumelelo. Le yiNicaragua National Park, lapho kuzaliswa khona ama-tapir. Futhi eNicaragua kunendawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo ogwini lweCaribbean, oluhlanganisa indawo ecishe ibe ngamahektha angama-700.
AmaTapir ahlala endaweni yokugcina izilwane zasendle eseSurima ehlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele angama-16,000 ehlathi eliseduze neCaribbean, iBrownsburg National Park. Futhi nakwezinye izinqolobane eziningi. Lapho, izilwane zizizwa zikhululekile futhi ziletha inzalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-tapir akhuliswa ema-zoo emhlabeni wonke; ngisho nasezweni lethu, ama-tapir amaningana ahlala e-Zoo yaseMoscow.
Ekuthunjweni, bazizwa bekhululekile, bajwayele abantu ngokushesha futhi bavumele ukunakekelwa. Kepha, ngaphezu kwalezi zinyathelo, kubalulekile ukumisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni zalezi zilwane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-tapir amnyama amnyama azomane aphele. Masinakekele imvelo ngokubambisana, sizoqaphela izilwane nezindawo ezihlala kuzo. Sidinga ukwakha izinqolobane eziningi, amapaki ezindaweni zalezi zilwane futhi adale izimo zempilo yezilwane.
I-tapir enesipele esimnyama isilwane esizolile futhi esiyimfihlo. Endle, lezi zidalwa ezihlwempu kufanele zihlale zicashela izisulu nabazingeli. Imikhuba eyisisekelo yezilwane kunzima kakhulu ukuyilandela ngenxa yokuthi izilwane cishe azikwazi ukuzilandela endle. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngalezi zilwane zasendulo yisayensi yanamuhla, futhi singafunda imikhuba yalezi tapir kubantu abathunjiwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngisho nama-tapir asendle, azizwa ephephile, ayayeka ukuba nolaka futhi athanjiswa kahle ngabantu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 21.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-18: 29
