Inhlanzi ukuqoqa iqembu - lokhu kungenye yezinto zasolwandle ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ezingavamile. Namuhla, ososayensi banezinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu zamaqembu. Ezinye zazo ziyimidondoshiya yangempela enesisindo sengxenye yethani futhi engafika kumamitha amathathu ubude. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezinobukhulu bomzimba wazo obungadluli amashumi amasentimitha ambalwa. Amalungu ahlukene ezinhlobo awanasayizi abehlukene kuphela, kepha futhi nokubukeka nendlela yokuphila. Le nhlanzi yaziswa kakhulu phakathi kwama-gourmets ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okungavamile, okubucayi nephunga elikhethekile. Futhi, inyama yayo ayinakhalori futhi ithuthukiswe ngamavithamini namaminerali. Inhlanzi itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lesibuko noma emnyama.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Grouper
I-grouper ihlukaniswa nohlobo lwe-chordate, isigaba sezinhlanzi esikhishwe ngemisebe, ukuhleleka okufana ne-perch, umndeni we-perch wamatshe, kanye nohlobo lwe-grouper.
Indlela yokuphila, izici zokuphila kanye nezigaba zokuvela kwedwala akuzange kufundwe kahle ngokwanele. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi nabaphenyi bathole ukuthi laba bameleli bezitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane bavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezinhlanu edlule. Ukuvela kwe-Isthmus yasePanama cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-3 eyedlule kwaba nomthelela ekwahlukanisweni kwezinhlanzi zaba ama-subspecies amabili ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwendawo yabantu.
Ososayensi baphawula ukuthi i-grouper ingeyabo abamele izitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane ezingashintshi neze selokhu zavela. Ngesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa, izinhlanzi zahlukaniswa zaba yimifashini eminingi, ngayinye ethola izici ezihlukile zangaphandle, izici zokuziphatha nendlela yokuphila.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Fish grouper
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ama-subspecies, ubukhulu nendawo okuhlala kuyo, bonke abaqoqi beqembu banezici ezithile ezibahlanganisayo.
Izici zesici samaqembu:
- umzimba omkhulu, omkhulu, othe ukwehla usuka ezinhlangothini;
- Isembozo se-gill ngezinsipho;
- umgodi omkhulu womlomo;
- ubukhona besiphetho esisodwa esikhanyayo ebusweni bomhlane;
- ukuba khona kwezinsipho ezintathu ku-anal fin;
- amazinyo amafushane futhi abukhali kakhulu, ahlelwe ngemigqa eminingana.
Lolu hlobo lwetshe lubizwa ngetshe ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle namatshe angaphansi. Lokhu kubangelwa hhayi ngisho nosayizi omkhulu womzimba, kepha kumbala othile, ofana kakhulu namatshe, amatshe kanye nezixhobo zamakhorali. Kunamachashazi amaningi, imibuthano, imivimbo, njll emzimbeni wenhlanzi.
Inhlanzi futhi inezici ezithile ezithile eziyihlukanisa nabanye abamele impilo yasolwandle.
Izici:
- amehlo amancane, ayindilinga;
- ingxenye enkulu yekhanda ebanzi, emelene nesizinda lapho amehlo abonakala emancane khona futhi engabalulekile;
- cishe bonke abantu abaqoqayo bangama-hermaphrodites. Zine-ovary ukuze zikhiqize amaqanda namasende, ngosizo lwawo amangqamuzana akhiqizwa ukuwafaka umquba;
- osayizi bomzimba bangafika kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kumamitha amathathu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Inhlanzi inikezwe amandla okushintsha umbala nokuma komzimba ukuze ifihle.
Isisindo somzimba womuntu omdala oyedwa sincike kubukhulu baso nobubanzi obusukela ku-10-20 kuye kuma-350-400 kilogram. Umbala ungahluka kakhulu, kusuka kokukhanyayo, okubomvu okucebile kuya kokungafani, okumpunga noma onsundu. Kuya ngesifunda somzingeli. Umgodi womlomo mkhulu kakhulu, uphushe kancane phambili. Yakhelwe ukukhula kwesikhumba okunikeza ukwakheka kwezindebe eziphinyisiwe.
Uhlala kuphi lo oqoqa iqembu?
Isithombe: Giant Grouper
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-grouper zihlala emanzini olwandle. Zonke ziyizinhlanzi ezithanda ukushisa futhi zikhetha amanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezindaweni ezishisayo. Endaweni yaseRussia, kutholakala kuphela izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zazo zonke izinhlobo ezichazwe.
Izindawo ze-Geographic of habiter habitat:
- ichweba lolwandle lwaseNingizimu Afrika;
- Ulwandle Olubomvu;
- I-Algoa;
- IGreenland;
- ugu lwePanama City;
- I-Pacific Ocean;
- I-Indian Ocean;
- I-Atlantic Ocean;
- Ugu oluseningizimu yeJapane;
- ugu lwaseMelika;
- ugu lwaseHawaii.
Izinhlanzi zingaphila ekujuleni okuhlukile kusuka kumamitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-50. Imfuneko yokuhlala kwama-groupers ukukhululeka okuphansi, okudingekayo ukuhlinzeka ngezindawo zokukhosela. Lawa kungaba ngamatshe olwandle, amatshe amakhulu, izihlahlana zamakhorali, imikhumbi eshonile, imihume ejulile, amadwala, njll. Izinhlanzi azibekezeleli izifunda ezinaphansi okunesihlabathi futhi okunodaka ngokweqile.
Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo azinakho ukuthambekela kokufuduka. Bachitha iningi lempilo yabo endaweni ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinolaka kakhulu ngokuvikelwa kwayo kwendawo yazo yokuhlala. Bangangena kalula futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza empini nezimbangi ezinosayizi namandla omzimba angadlula kakhulu ubukhulu bawo. Umuntu angaba sengozini uma esondela kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala umhlaseli. Isidlakudla sihlasela ngaso leso sikhathi ngomlomo ovulekile sikhosele into eyingozi kuso. Ikakhulukazi abantu abakhulu bangamgwinya umuntu.
Manje uyazi lapho kutholakala khona izinhlanzi eziqoqekayo. Ake sithole ukuthi sidlani.
Idla ini i-grouper?
Isithombe: I-Atlantic grouper
I-rock perch iyinhlanzi edlayo. Akakhethi ngokudla futhi udla konke akwazi ukugwinya. Isimo esikhulu ukuthi isisulu kufanele singene emlonyeni womzingeli. UGrouper ungumzingeli wangempela. Angalinda isikhathi eside isisulu sakhe, ekubeni esembozweni. Lapho isisulu sisondele ngangokunokwenzeka, umhlaseli uvele asihlasele ngomlomo ovulekile.
Uma isisulu kuvele ukuthi beshesha futhi sishesha, futhi ipherch rock ayikwazanga ukuyibamba, iqala kalula ukujaha okude. Icala lichazwa lapho ummeleli omkhulu walolu hlobo egwinya ngokuphelele ushaka wemitha elilodwa nohhafu, owa wawela ebhukwini lomdobi. Isidlakela sajaha ushaka isikhathi eside, kwathi uma siqhuma, wasigwinya ngaso leso sikhathi. I-rock perch enomlomo ovulekile ovulekile inokubukeka okusabisayo ngempela. Ngakho-ke, abantu abakhulu ngosayizi omkhulu baba yingozi enkulu. Abatshuzi bayelulekwa ukuba bangasondeli kakhulu kubo.
I-grouper inekhono elilodwa elihlukile - ingazingela ngokubambisana nama-moray eels. Lapho umhlaseli ezwa ukuthi isisulu asikho kuye, ucela usizo kumngane wakhe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umhlaseli omkhulu usondela endaweni yokukhosela ye-moray futhi anikine ikhanda lakhe ngapha nangapha kaningana. Ngokuvamile, ama-moray eels ayaphendula, bese kuqala ukuzingelwa ngokuhlanganyela. UMurena ubhukuda aye endaweni yokukhosela, lapho isisulu sicashe khona, asikhiphe. Kwezinye izimo, umlingani wedwala uqobo akaphikisani nokuqabuleka.
Ezimweni eziningi, i-grouper incamela ukuzingela yodwa hhayi ukuhlanganyela nanoma ngubani. Ama-Rock perches anezintandokazi zawo.
Yini edla iqembu?
- ama-lobster;
- izinkalankala;
- izimbaza;
- ama-stingray;
- izimfudu zasolwandle ezincane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Fish grouper
Ukuma okungokwemvelo kweQembu. Bahlala endaweni efanayo cishe kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo, futhi ababekezeleli ukubonakala kwezimbangi noma abanye abantu abahlala kuyo. Ababoni izimbangi hhayi kuphela kubantu, noma abamele ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane, kodwa nasezihlotsheni zabo. Lapho kuvela ingozi encane, isilwane sibhukuda siphume lapho sikhosele khona sivule umlomo. Kodwa-ke, angadala ukulimala okungathi sína. Ukuhlaselwa kungaqhubeka kaningi. Enkambeni yokuvikela indawo yabo, izidlakela zingalwa nezimbangi eziphindwe kaningana kunabo ngosayizi namandla.
Abahlanganyeli bavame ukuchitha isikhathi sabo esiningi befihlekile. Ngakho-ke, izilwane ezidla ezinye zivame ukukhetha ama-coral reefs nemikhumbi eshonile. Izinhlanzi zingashiya isiphephelo esikhethiwe kuphela lapho zidinga ukuqala ukulandela, noma zibize u-moray eel ukuthola usizo. Ngaphezu kwama-moray eels, abaqoqi beqembu bavame ukuzama ukuhlala eduze kwama-pelicans. Izinyoni ziyakuthanda kakhulu ukudla izinhlanzi. Behlasela izikole zezinhlanzi, bahlwitha inyamazane yabo. Izinhlanzi zona zigijimela kokungavuleki, bese iqembu elihlanganayo libamba abantu abasilele ngemuva kwesikole.
Ngaphandle kokuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye ziyizinhlanzi ezithanda ukushisa ngokweqile, futhi zihlala emanzini anosawoti olwandle, kukhona okuhlukile. Atholakala emanzini amasha olwandle. Ama-groupers athambekele ekuthuthukiseni isivinini sokuhamba esisheshayo - kuze kufike ku-25-30 km / h. Leli khono lenyusa kakhulu ithuba lokuzingela ngempumelelo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Grouper
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka eneminyaka engama-2-3. Ukuzala kwenzeka ngosizo lwamaqanda. Izinhlanzi zizibeka kaningi ezindaweni zazo zokucasha ezikhethiwe. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, bayayifaka umanyolo, bese kutholakala amafry amaningi. Ziyasebenza impela. Usayizi nobubanzi bawo bombala buhluke kakhulu ngokuya ngama-subspecies kanye nesifunda ohlala kuso.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umhlaseli wasolwandle yi-hermaphrodite. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu omdala ngamunye une-ovary yokukhiqiza amaqanda kanye nendlala yokukhiqiza isidoda. Kulokhu, umuntu oyedwa angakhiqiza amaqanda futhi awavundise ngokwakhe. Bonke abantu ngemuva kokuzalwa babhekwa njengabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, lapho befika ebusheni, baba ngabesilisa.
Kungabonakala sengathi lokhu kuyindlela ekahle yokubuyisela usayizi wabantu nokuzala okuzimele. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezizukulwane eziningana, i-genome iyawohloka, ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zidinga ukuxutshwa nezinye izinhlobo.
Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila sommeleli walezi zinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle iminyaka engama-30-35. Isikhathi sokuphila ngqo sincike ezinhlotsheni nasendaweni yokuhlala. Abantu abakhulu bahlala ezimweni zemvelo cishe iminyaka engama-70-80. Izinhlobo ezincane ezingakhuliswa ekhaya e-aquarium zihlala kungapheli iminyaka eyishumi.
Izitha zemvelo zamaqembu
Isithombe: Giant Grouper
Yize inamandla futhi ingesabi, i-rock perch akuyona eyesigaba sabadli abaphezulu. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi, ezinkulu kakhulu ngosayizi, cishe azinazitha. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezibonakala ngosayizi abancane, zinezitha ezimbalwa endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Izitha zemvelo zezinhlanzi:
- oshaka;
- imikhomo yokubulala;
- ama-moray eels;
- bharacuda.
Izitha eziyinhloko zabamele abamangalisayo bokuphila kwasolwandle yindoda. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe, inani lezinhlanzi belilokhu lehla ngokushesha cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuzingelwa kwabo ngamanani amakhulu. Abazingeli abazingeli bababamba hhayi nje ngenhloso yokuthola inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo noma njengomthombo wokudla, kodwa futhi ngenxa nje yentshisekelo yezemidlalo. Isidlakela ebesibanjiwe besimane sisetshenziselwa ukwenza isilwane esigxishiwe, ebesisebenza njengomhlobiso, noma indebe.
Izinhlanzi zizwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa noma ezinye izici zezilwandle zomhlaba. Yingakho ukungcola okwandayo kunomthelela omubi enanini labamele abaningi bezitshalo nezilwane zasolwandle.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Grouper emanzini
Ngokuya ngokuhlaziya kwabo, ososayensi bathole ukuthi kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, inani labantu abahlala edwaleni lehle ngaphezu kuka-80%. Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu.
Izizathu zokwehla kwezinombolo zezinhlanzi:
- ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwamanzi olwandle;
- ukuncipha kwezitshalo nezilwane, ngenxa yalokho ukuncishiswa kokudla kuncishisiwe;
- izinguquko eziphawulekayo esimweni sezulu nesimo sezulu.
Zonke lezi zinto zihlangene zaba nomthelela omkhulu enanini lesilwane esidlayo. Kukhona ukwehla kwenani labantu nemisebenzi yabantu. Lokhu kungenxa yokwenyuka kwezindleko kanye nokwanda kwesidingo senyama yezingane. It has inyama ithenda ngendlela emangalisayo futhi esihlwabusayo, okuyinto has cishe akukho kilojoule. Futhi inzuzo ebalulekile yenyama ye-carnivore okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini namaminerali.
Esinye isizathu esibalulekile sokwehla kwenani lezinhlanzi isibalo esikhulu sabadobi nabazingeli abazingela inyamazane abayifunayo ngenzuzo noma injabulo. Abamele lolu hlobo basengozini enkulu ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, lapho behlangana emilonyeni yemifula. Ngalesi sikhathi, bahlangana ngobuningi kulezi zindawo, futhi abadobi bayakwazi lokhu.
Ukuvikelwa ngamaqoqo
Isithombe: Grouper kusuka Red Book
Namuhla i-rock perch ibhalwe ku-Red Book. Ezindaweni eziningi lapho kuhlala khona umhlaseli, ukudotshwa nokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokuzala kuzenqatshelwe ngumthetho. Ukwephula lo mthetho kujeziswa ngokuhlawuliswa ngemali enkulu kakhulu, noma ukuboshwa isikhathi esithile. Ososayensi bayaqaphela ukuthi inani lamaqembu alimele kakhulu, futhi kuzothatha iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili ukubuyisa ubukhulu beqembu.
Emuva ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, abantu bazama ukwenza nokusebenzisa iqoqo lezindlela zokuvikela ezihlose ukubuyisa inani labantu nokwandisa inani labantu. E-United States of America, lempilo yasolwandle ifakiwe kuLuhlu Lwamazwe Ngamazwe Oluningi Nezinhlobo Eziyigugu Kakhulu, lapho yanikezwa khona isikhundla "sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala".
Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokusindisa izilwane zasolwandle ekuqothulweni ukukhulisa inani lezindawo zokukhulisa izingane lapho amadwala angazizwa ekhululekile khona. Izinhlanzi zikhululekile ukuzizwa zisesimweni esenziwe ngokwenziwa. Ngokugcinwa kahle, inqubo yokuzalanisa ikhiqiza kakhulu, futhi isikhathi sokuphila siyakhula.
Iqembu kubhekisa empilweni yasolwandle engajwayelekile futhi ebaluleke kakhulu. Inyama yayo ibhekwa kakhulu emhlabeni wemboni yokudla. Ubuciko bangempela bokupheka bulungiselelwe kuwo. Inyama yenhlanzi inamakhalori amancane futhi iqukethe amavithamini namaminerali amaningi. Umsebenzi omkhulu wesintu ukugcina izinhlobo zezilwane nokwandisa ubukhulu besibalo sabantu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 17.07.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 25.09.2019 ngo-21: 09
