IMarabou Iyinyoni ebabazekayo evela emndenini kanogolantethe. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa umugqa wama-subspecies angama-20. Phakathi kwabo bonke abameleli bomndeni wonogolantethe, i-marabou inosayizi ohlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Izinyoni zinokubukeka okungalibaleki futhi zihlala kaningi ezifundeni lapho kutholakala khona imfucumfucu emikhulu. Yilapho lapho befuna khona umthombo wokudla, futhi intamo nekhanda elingenalutho kunezimpaphe kusiza ukugcina umzimba uhlanzekile. IMarabou ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo ezintathu zamaNdiya, i-Afrika, iJavanese.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Marabou
I-marabou ingeyezilwane ezi-chordate, isigaba sezinyoni, i-stork oda, ingummeleli womndeni wonogolantethe, uhlobo lwe-marabou.
ULeptoptilos robustus ungukhokho oshonile wezinyoni zesimanje ze-marabou. Wahlala emhlabeni ngobuningi cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-125-15 eyedlule. Iningi labantu lalisesiqhingini saseFlorence. Abamele lolu hlobo kwakuyizinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu. Ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola izinsalela zale midondoshiya. Ngokuya ngamasampuli atholakele, kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ukuthi babenobude obungamamitha amabili kanye nesisindo somzimba esingu-18-20 kilograms. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bomzimba, babengazi ukuthi bangandiza kanjani.
Ividiyo: Marabou
Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni lubonakala ngokuba khona kwamathambo amakhulu we-tubular. Isakhiwo esinjalo samathambo sinikeze amandla okuhamba ngokushesha ebusweni bomhlaba futhi senze kalula ngaphandle kwamaphiko. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi iningi labantu lihlala endaweni elinganiselwe yesiqhingi esisodwa, abakwazanga ukuhlangana nezinye izinhlobo.
Yilawa madlozi akude ababa ngokhokho babameleli bakanogolantethe banamuhla.Basatshalaliswa ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, futhi enqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuzivumelanisa nokuphila ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, bahlukaniswa baba izinhlobo ezingaphansi. Kancane kancane, i-marabou yashintsha yadla imfucuza futhi ezifundeni eziningi babebizwa nangokuthi ama-scavenger. Mayelana nalokhu, ngenkathi kwenziwa ukubonakala, izimpaphe ezisendaweni yekhanda nentamo cishe zanyamalala.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoni yeMarabou
I-marabou yase-Afrika ifinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwemitha elilodwa nohhafu. Isisindo somuntu omdala singama-8.5-10 kilograms. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivelwanga kakhulu; ngaphandle, abantu besifazane nabesilisa cishe abahlukile ngalutho, ngaphandle kosayizi. Abesilisa badlula kancane ngosayizi kunabesifazane.
Iqiniso elithandekayo. Isici esivelele salo mmeleli wonogolantethe ukuthi abaluli intamo yabo lapho bebaleka, kodwa, kunalokho, bayayifaka.
Esinye isici esivelele sezinyoni ukungabi khona kwezimpaphe endaweni yekhanda nentamo. Zinezimpaphe ezingavamile kuphela futhi ezansi kule ndawo. Endaweni yebhande lehlombe, kunalokho, izimpaphe zithuthukile impela. Izinyoni zinomlomo omude nonamandla. Ubude bayo budlula amasentimitha angama-30.
Kukhona uhlobo lwesaka endaweni yentamo. Lesisisindo esiyinyama sixhuma emakhaleni. Kuyinto ehlukile kuye ukuvuvukala, futhi kulesi simo angafinyelela amasentimitha angama-40. Kubantu abasha, ayikho, futhi ukukhula kwayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhula kwale nyoni. Ngaphambilini, abacwaningi babekholelwa ukuthi izinyoni zivame ukugcina ukudla lapho. Noma kunjalo, le nguqulo ayikaqinisekiswa. Lokhu kuphuma kusetshenziswa kuphela ukuze inyoni ikwazi ukubeka ikhanda layo phezu kwayo lapho iphumule, noma ngesikhathi semidlalo yokukhwelana.
I-Marabou ihlukaniswa ngombono wayo omuhle, okuyisici sabo bonke abahlanzayo. Izindawo ezingezona izimpaphe entanyeni nasekhanda zibomvu ngokubomvu noma okusawolintshi ngombala. Umzimba upendwe ngemibala emibili. Ingxenye engezansi imhlophe noma ibisi. Phezulu kufakwe umbala omnyama. IMarabou inezimpiko ezinamandla kakhulu. Ubude bempiko yabathile babantu bufinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Izinyoni, njengabanye abamele unogolantethe, zinemilenze emide kakhulu, emincane.
Ihlala kuphi i-marabou?
Isithombe: African Marabou
Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni luhlala ezwenikazi i-Afrika. Ingxenye eyinhloko yesifunda semvelo itholakala eningizimu yehlane laseSahara, kanye nasenkabeni naseningizimu yezwekazi. Ukhetha ama-savanna, ama-steppes, amaxhaphozi, kanye nezigodi zemifula emikhulu njengezindawo zokuhlala. Laba abamele onogolantethe bazama ukugwema amahlathi nezindawo eziwugwadule. Bavame ukuhlala emihlambini emikhulu emaphethelweni amadolobhana amakhulu, lapho kunenani elikhulu lokulahlwa kwenhlabathi elinenqwaba kadoti wokudla. Izinyoni azibesabi nakancane abantu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, bazama ukusondela ngangokunokwenzeka ezindaweni zokuhlala, ngoba kulokhu bazonikezwa ukudla. Tindzawo tema marabou tibanzi kakhulu.
Izindawo zokuhlala zezinyoni:
- ECambodia;
- I-Assam;
- Thailand;
- IMyanmar;
- ISudan;
- ITopiya;
- ENigeria;
- Mali;
- ECambodia;
- IBurma;
- China;
- Isiqhingi saseJava;
- India.
Laba bameleli bezintulo bathanda izindawo ezivulekile, lapho umswakama uphakeme kakhulu. Zivame ukutholakala eduze kwezinhlangano zokucubungula inyama nezinhlanzi. Okudingekayo ekukhetheni indawo yokuhlala ubukhona besiziba. Uma kunokudla okwanele endaweni esogwini, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukuzingela nokuzifunela ukudla. Izinyoni zivame ukuthuthela emanzini omile, lapho kunezinombolo eziningi zezinhlanzi.
Uma kunezimo ezikahle ezifundeni lapho i-marabou ihlala khona futhi kunokudla okwanele, izinyoni zihlala impilo yokuhlala ngokuhlala. Lapho isikhathi sokudlela siphela, izinyoni eziningi zifudukela eduze kolayini we-equatorial bese ziyabuya.
Manje uyazi ukuthi unogolantethe uhlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idla ini i-marabou?
Isithombe: Marabou stork
Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla wezinyoni yizidumbu, noma udoti ovela ezindaweni zokulahla udoti eduze nemizana. Uqhwaku olunamandla nolude kakhulu luguqulwe kahle ukuze luhlukanise inyama yalowo oludlayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kanye nesiko lokudla okungabazisayo, i-marabou ingenye yezinyoni ezihlanzeke kakhulu. Abasoze badla ukudla okungcoliswe yilutho. Izinyoni nakanjani zizoyigeza ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa echibini, bese ziyidla kuphela.
Uma kungekho ukudla okwanele phakathi kukadoti, zingazingela izilwane ezahlukahlukene ezincane, ezingazigwinya ziphelele. Izinyoni zingazingela ngokubulala inyamazane ngomlomo wazo oqinile, omude.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sefolishi semarou:
- inhlanzi;
- amaxoxo;
- izinambuzane;
- ezihuquzelayo;
- ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo;
- amaqanda ezinye izinyoni.
Ngosizo lwesikhali esinamandla njengodaka olungamasentimitha angama-30, i-marabou ingabulala kalula ngisho nabamele izitshalo nezilwane ezinesikhumba esijiyile. Ngomlomo onjalo kubuye kube lula ukubhoboza isikhumba esinamandla sezilwane ezifile bese usika inyama emathanjeni.
Zifuna ukudla, i-marabou inyukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni, lapho zindiza khona ngendiza yamahhala, zifuna inyamazane efanelekayo. Izinyoni zivame ukubuthana emihlambini emikhulu ezifundeni lapho kuhlala khona inqwaba yezimila ezidliwayo, ama-ungulates.
Izinyoni zivame ukudoba emanzini angajulile. Ukubamba izinhlanzi, zimane zingene emanzini zijule kakhulu, zehlise umlomo wazo ovulekile bese zilinda zinganyakazi. Lapho nje bezwa inyamazane, uqhwaku luvele luvuleke ngokushesha, futhi isisulu sigwinywe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inyoni yeMarabou
IMarabou yinyoni yasemini. Kusukela ekuseni kakhulu, ikhuphukela phezulu ngaphezu kwesidleke futhi indizele endizeni yamahhala iyofuna ukudla noma inyamazane efanelekayo. Akujwayelekile ukuthi izinyoni ziphile impilo eyodwa. Bahlala ngababili, futhi bangahlangana emakoloni amakhulu ngokwanele. Bangaphinde bazingele ngamaqembu noma ngabodwa. Bavame ukuzingela noma ukufuna ukudla ngamanqe. Noma ngabe izinyoni zizingela zodwa, ngemuva kokuzingela, ziphinde zihlangane ngemihlambi emikhulu.
Akujwayelekile neze ukuthi izinyoni zesabe abantu. Muva nje, ngokuphambene nalokho, kube nokujwayeleka kokusakazwa kwezinyoni eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Lapho bathola izindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezinkulu lapho kuhlala kukhona ukudla kwabo. I-marabou yase-Afrika ithathwa njenge-virtuoso yangempela ekhonweni lokulawula ukuhamba komoya okuhlukahlukene. Ngenxa yaleli khono, izinyoni zingakhuphukela ebangeni elingaphezu kwamamitha angama-4000.
Laba bantu abamele onogolantethe bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-adapter. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bathambekele ekukhuphukeni njalo ezinyeni ezinde nezizacile. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngale ndlela balawula amazinga abo okushisa komzimba. Isikhathi sokuphila senyoni ekhaya yiminyaka eyi-19-25.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Umnikazi werekhodi lesikhathi sokuphila komuntu owayekhona e-zoo eLeningrad. Le nyoni yayiswa enkulisa ngo-1953 yaphila iminyaka engama-37.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Marabou storks
Isikhathi sokukhwelana seMarabou sigcina ngenkathi yezimvula kuphela. Inzalo yezinyoni ivela ngokuqala kwesomiso. Ngokwemvelo, kuhlelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sesomiso, izilwane eziningi zife ngenxa yokushoda kwamanzi bese kuqala inkathi yedili langempela lemarabou. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngeke kube nzima ngabo ukuthi banikeze izingane zabo ukudla.
Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, izinyoni zakha izidleke ezinkulu, ububanzi bazo kwezinye izimo bufinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu, nokuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-20-40. Izinyoni zizama ukwakha izidleke zazo phezulu ezihlahleni. Imvamisa amapheya amaningana angahlala kalula esihlahleni esisodwa, inani lawo lingafinyelela eshumini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imvamisa izinyoni zihlala ezidlekeni esezenziwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, zivuselelwa nje kancane futhi zihlanzwe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ososayensi barekhodile amacala lapho izizukulwane eziningana zezinyoni esikhathini esiyiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu zihlala esidlekeni esifanayo.
Ezinyonini, imidlalo yokukhwelana ithakazelisa kakhulu. Yinsikazi eheha eyeduna. Abantu bobulili besilisa bakhetha abesifazane ababathanda kakhulu, futhi banqabe bonke abanye. Ngemuva kokuthi umbhangqwana wakheke, wakha isidleke futhi uyivikela ngazo zonke izindlela kubahlaseli. Ukwesabisa izivakashi ezingafuneki, i-marabou yenza imisindo ethile, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi izingoma. Kodwa-ke, azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi zimnandi futhi zimnandi.
Bese kuthi abesifazane babekele amaqanda esidlekeni sabo bese bewafukamela. Ngemuva kwenyanga, amatshwele ama-2-3 aqanduselwa ngazinye. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abesilisa babandakanyeka ngqo ekukhuliseni inzalo yabo. Zisiza izinsikazi ukufukamela amaqanda azo, zondle amaphuphu achanyuselwe futhi zivikele isidleke sazo. Bona, kanye nabesifazane, banakekela amaphuphu aze akwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele.
Amachwane achanyuselwe akhula esidlekeni izinyanga ezingaba ngu-3.5-4, kuze kube yilapho umzimba wawo umbozwa ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukufunda ukundiza. Lapho efinyelela unyaka owodwa, amaphuphu azimele ngokuphelele futhi akulungele ukuzala inzalo yawo.
Izitha zemvelo zemarabou
Isithombe: Marabou ngokwemvelo
Ezimweni zemvelo, izinyoni cishe azinazitha. Ingozi ingasongela amatshwele kuphela, ngasizathu simbe asala yedwa esidlekeni engagadiwe. Kulokhu, zingaba yizisulu zezinye izilwane ezinkulu ezinamaphiko, isibonelo, izinkozi zasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile kakhulu, ngoba i-marabou inesimo somzali esithuthuke kakhulu.
Esikhathini esedlule, abantu babebhekwa njengesitha esikhulu sezinyoni. Bacekela phansi indawo yemvelo yezinyoni, ngaleyo ndlela baziphuca indawo yokuhlala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, i-marabou ithathwa njengesithunywa sokwehluleka, ishwa kanye nezifo. Abantu bambheka njengommeleli ongathandeki neze futhi oyingozi wezitshalo nezilwane. Kulokhu kuxhumana, bazama ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa izimo ezikahle zezinyoni zokuhlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abalicabangi iqiniso lokuthi izinyoni zinenzuzo enkulu. Bahlanza isikhala sezilwane ezifile nezigulayo. Lokhu kugwema ukusabalala kwezifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi. I-Marabou ibhekwa njengemiyalo yendawo ngokwemvelo ngesizathu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Marabou
Isibalo esincane kunazo zonke sama-marabou aseNdiya namuhla. Ngokusho kososayensi nabaphenyi, inani labantu balezi zinhlobo lingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Lokhu kungenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yemvelo yezinyoni. Izindawo ezinamaxhaphozi ziyakhipha, izindawo eziningi ziya ngokwanda zenziwa ngabantu, ngenxa yalokho ukudla kuphelile.
Namuhla uhlobo lwe-marabou luhlukaniswe lwaba yimifucumfucu emithathu, ngayinye, ngokusho kokulinganisela okulinganiselwe, enesigamu esisodwa nengxenye kuya ku-3-4 izinkulungwane zabantu. Esikhathini esedlule, kube nenkathi yokwehla okukhulu kwenani lalezi zinyoni ngenxa yokudonswa kwamanzi asemaxhaphozini kanye nenqwaba yamachibi, okuyisimo esidingekayo ukuze kube khona ukuhleleka kwezimpaphe. Kuze kube manje, isimo ngenani lezinyoni sesizinzile, futhi abasongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Kwezinye izifunda, kunemihlambi eminingi kakhulu. Inani labo liyakhula unyaka nonyaka ngenxa yokuthi lapho sezineminyaka yobudala izinyoni sezikwazi ukuzala.
IMarabou ayibukeki iyinhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, iqhaza labo endalweni alinakulinganiswa ngokweqile. Zisindisa ubuntu ezifweni ezithathelwanayo ezibulalayo nasekusabalaleni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 15.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-20: 17
