Agouti (Dasyprocta) noma unogwaja waseningizimu Melika oyisilwane esiphakathi nendawo ngokulandelana kwamagundane. Kwenzeka ukuthi isilwane sombala waso wensimbi nokugijima ngokushesha sibizwa ngokuthi yi-humpback hare, kepha, naphezu kwegama, i-agouti ibukeka kakhulu njengengulube ye-Guinea enezitho ezinwebekile. Isilwane sibhukuda kahle futhi sithanda ukuhlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Ungathola mayelana nezinye izici ezithakazelisayo zegundane kule ncwadi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Agouti
Igama elithi "aguti" uqobo livela kweleSpanish: agutí - libhekisa ezinhlotsheni eziningana zamagundane ohlobo lwe-Dasyprocta. Lezi zilwane zidabuka eMelika Ephakathi, enyakatho nasenkabeni yeNingizimu Melika, kanye nama-Lesser Antilles aseningizimu. Zihlobene nezingulube ze-Guinea futhi zibukeka zifana kakhulu, kepha zinkulu futhi zinemilenze emide.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ENtshonalanga Afrika (ikakhulukazi eCôte d'Ivoire), igama elithi "agouti" lisho igundane elikhulu likamoba, okuthi, njengesilokazane sezolimo, lidliwe njengenyama yehlathi emnandi.
Igama leSpanish "agouti" libolekwe ezilimini zomdabu zaseNingizimu Melika zaseTupi Guarani, lapho igama libhalwa ngokuhlukile njenge-agutí, agoutí noma i-acutí. Igama elidumile lesiPutukezi laseBrazil lalezi zilwane, i-cutia, livela kuleli gama langempela. EMexico, i-agouti ibizwa ngokuthi yi-sereque. EPanama, yaziwa njenge-eeque nasempumalanga ye-Ecuador njenge-guatusa.
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-11 kuhlobo:
- D. azarae - Agouti Azara;
- D. coibae - Coiban;
- D. cristata - Crested;
- D. fuliginosa - Mnyama
- D. guamara - Orinoco;
- D. kalinowskii - Aguti Kalinovsky;
- D. leporina - waseBrazil;
- D. mexicana - waseMexico;
- D. prymnolopha - Okusekelwa kwabaNsundu;
- D. punctata - waseMelika Ephakathi;
- D. ruatanica - Roatan.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal agouti
Ukubukeka kwegundane akunakulinganiswa - kuhlanganisa izici zezinhlamvu ezinamaqabunga amafushane nezingulube ze-Guinea. Ingemuva lesilwane liyindilinga (limenyezelwe), ikhanda livulekile, izindlebe eziyindilinga zincane, imisila emifushane engenazinwele ifihliwe ngemuva kwezinwele ezinde futhi icishe ingabonakali. Lesi silwane sinezindlebe ezinqunu, eziyindilinga, izinyawo ezingenalutho, ububanzi, izipikili ezifana nezicathulo zehhashi kanye nama-molars amane phezulu nangaphansi.
Ividiyo: Agouti
Zonke izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngombala: nsundu, ngokubomvu, ngokusawolintshi okungaqondakali, okumpunga noma okumnyama, kepha imvamisa kungaphansi nangaphansi okukhanyayo. Imizimba yabo imbozwe uboya obukhulu, obukhulu obuqhamukayo lapho isilwane siphazamiseka. Zinesisindo esingu-2.4-6 kg kanti zingu-40.5-76 cm ubude.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imilenze yangaphambili ye-agouti inezinzwani ezinhlanu, kepha imilenze yangemuva inezinzwane ezintathu kuphela ezinamazipho afana nenselo.
Zibanjwe ebusheni bazo, kulula ukuzithambisa, kepha ziyazingelwa, njengezimbadada. Izinhlobo eziningi zinsundu ngemuva futhi zimhlophe esiswini. Uboya bungabonakala bucwebezele bese bucwebezela ngokusawolintshi. Abesifazane banamabhangqa amane wezindlala ze-ventral mammary. Izinguquko ezincane ekubukekeni zingabonakala ngaphakathi kohlobo olufanayo. Amajita afana nabantu abadala abancane.
Uhlala kuphi u-agouti?
Isithombe: Rodent agouti
Isilwane iDasyprocta punctata, esaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Central American agouti, sitholakala eningizimu yeMexico kuya enyakatho ye-Argentina. Ingxenye eyinhloko yalolu hlu isukela esifundazweni saseChiapas neNhlonhlo Yucatan (eningizimu yeMexico) idabula iMelika Ephakathi iye enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Ecuador, eColombia nasentshonalanga ekude yeVenezuela. Abantu abahlukaniswe kakhulu batholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yePeru, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBrazil, eBolivia, entshonalanga yeParaguay, nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Argentina. Izinhlobo eziningana ziye zaziswa kwenye indawo eWest Indies. I-Agouti nayo yethulwe eCuba, eBahamas, eJamaica, e-Hispaniola naseziQhingini zaseCayman.
La magundane ahlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini emvula nakwezinye izindawo ezimanzi njengasemaxhaphozini. Avamile ukutholakala kuma-steppe pampas avulekile. Zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi anele. Ama-agouti aseMelika Ephakathi atholakala emahlathini, emahlathini aminyene, ema-savanna nasezindaweni ezinezitshalo. EPeru, zikhawulelwe esifundeni sase-Amazon, lapho zitholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zehlathi eliphansi lamahlathi emvula nasezingxenyeni eziningi zendawo ephakeme yehlathi (kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-2 000).
I-Agouti ihlobene kakhulu namanzi futhi ivame ukutholakala osebeni lwemifudlana, imifula namachibi. Imvamisa bakha imigodi nezindawo eziningi zokulala ezingodweni ezingenalutho, phakathi kwamatshe amatshe amatshe amatshe, ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla noma olunye uhlaza. Izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zimelwe eGuiana, eBrazil nasenyakatho yePeru.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona isilwane se-agouti. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa yi-agouti?
Isithombe: Agouti ngokwemvelo
Izilwane zidla kakhulu izithelo futhi zibheka izihlahla ezithela izithelo ohambweni lwazo lwansuku zonke. Lapho ukudla kuningi, bayangcwaba imbewu ngokucophelela ukuze bakusebenzise njengokudla lapho izithelo ziyindlala. Lokhu kuziphatha kuyasiza lapho kuhlwanyelwa imbewu yezinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla zehlathi. Lezi zilwane zivame ukulandela amaqembu ezinkawu futhi ziqoqe izithelo eziwe ezihlahleni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kulotshiwe ukuthi i-agouti ingezwa izithelo ziwela ezihlahleni zivela kude futhi zikhangwa umsindo wezithelo ezivuthiwe eziwela phansi. Ngakho-ke, abazingeli bamagundane baqhamuke nendlela ephumelelayo yokuheha isilwane. Ukuze benze lokhu, baphonsa itshe phansi, belingisa ukuwa kwezithelo.
Izilwane kwesinye isikhathi zidla izinkalankala, imifino kanye nezinye izitshalo ezinomsoco. Bangakwazi ukuphula amantongomane aqinile aseBrazil, ngakho-ke izilwane zibaluleke kakhulu ekusatshalalisweni kwalezi zinhlobo zezitshalo emvelweni.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-agouti yile:
- amantongomane;
- imbewu;
- izithelo;
- izimpande;
- amaqabunga;
- nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
La magundane asiza ukuvuselelwa kwamahlathi, njengezingwejeje zomdabu. Kepha zingadala nomonakalo omkhulu emasimini omoba namasimu kabhanana abawasebenzisela ukudla. Njengoba umhlaba wamahlathi omningi usetshenziselwa izinhloso zezolimo, i-agouti iya ngokuya idla izitshalo zabalimi bendawo. Abakwa-Agouti badla behleli ngemilenze yabo yangemuva futhi bephethe ukudla emilenzeni yabo yangaphambili. Bese bejika isithelo kaningi, bexubha ngamazinyo abo. Uma kunezicucu zezithelo ezisele ezingadliwa ekugcineni kwesidlo, i-agouti izokufihla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Guinea pig agouti
Iyunithi yezenhlalo eyinhloko ye-agouti iqukethe umbhangqwana oshade nabo impilo yonke. Ipheya ngalinye lihlala endaweni engaguquki engaba amahektha ayi-1-2, enezihlahla zezithelo nomthombo wamanzi. Ubukhulu bensimu buxhomeke ekunikezelweni kokudla kwendawo yokuhlala. Lapho amanye ama-agouti ezithola esendaweni emenyezelwe, njengomthetho, owesilisa uyabaxosha. Ukuvikelwa kwendawo kwesinye isikhathi kufaka phakathi ukulwa okunodlame okuholela ekulimaleni kanzima.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho zinolaka, amagundane kwesinye isikhathi aphakamisa izinwele zawo ezinde ezingemuva, ashaye phansi ngemilenze yangemuva, noma asebenzise imisindo ehlukahlukene, ozwakala kakhulu njengokukhonkotha kwenja encane.
La magundane ikakhulukazi ayizilwane zasemini, kepha angashintsha imisebenzi yawo ayenze emahoreni asebusuku uma ezingelwa noma ephazanyiswa njalo ngabantu. Bangakwazi gxuma zibheka. Lapho ihleli iqonde, i-agouti ingaqhuma ngejubane eligcwele uma kunesidingo. I-Agouti ingahamba ngejubane elimangalisayo nobugagu.
Bakha izindlu ngaphansi kwamatshe noma izihlahla. I-Agouti yizilwane zomphakathi ezinikela isikhathi esiningi ekunakekelweni ngokufanayo. Izilwane zichitha isikhathi esiningi zilungisa uboya bazo ukususa amakhaza, imikhaza kanye nezinye izimuncagazi. Imilenze yangaphambili isetshenziselwa ukukhipha izinwele bese uzikhiphela ngaphandle kwama-incisors, bese zisetshenziswa njengekama. I-agouti engesabi ihamba endaweni ebushelelezi noma yeqa ngamagxathu ambalwa amafushane. Uyakwazi nokubhukuda futhi kaningi abe seduze kwamanzi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Rat agouti
I-Agouti ihlala ngababili abazinzile abahlala ndawonye kuze kufe ilungu elilodwa lalaba ababili. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka ngasekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Imvamisa kungabonakala umuntu oyedwa kuphela ngoba amalungu abo awasondelene kakhulu. Izilwane zizala unyaka wonke, kepha amawundlu amaningi azalwa ngenkathi yokuthela izithelo kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuJulayi. Ezinye izinhlobo zingazala kaningana ngonyaka ngoMeyi nango-Okthoba, kanti ezinye zizala unyaka wonke.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, owesilisa ufafaza owesifazane ngomchamo, okumphoqa ukuthi angene "kumdanso ongasile". Ngemuva kokuchaphazeleka okuningana, uvumela owesilisa ukuba asondele kuye.
Isikhathi sokumitha siyizinsuku eziyi-104-120. Udoti uvame ukuba namawundlu amabili, noma kwesinye isikhathi kungaba nabantu abathathu noma abane. Izinsikazi zimba izimbotshana zazo noma ziholele emihumeni emidala eziyakhele, ngokuvamile etholakala ezingodweni ezingenalutho, phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla noma ngaphansi kohlaza obuphakathi. Abancane bazalelwa emigodini enezinhlamvu, izimpande nezinwele. Zikhule kahle lapho zizalwa futhi zingaqala ukudla kungakapheli ihora. Obaba bayasuswa esidlekeni. Umhume uhambelana ncamashi nosayizi wenzalo. Njengoba amakhulukhulu ekhula, umama uhambisa indle emgodini omkhulu. Abesifazane banezingodo eziningi.
Izinsana zimbozwe ngokuphelele izinwele, amehlo azo avulekile, futhi angakwazi ukugijima ehoreni lokuqala lokuphila. Umama uvame ukuncelisa amasonto angama-20. Inzalo ihlukaniswe ngokuphelele nonina ngemuva kukadoti omusha. Lokhu kungenxa yolaka lwabazali noma ukungabi nokudla. Amathole azalwe ngesikhathi sokuthela anethuba eliphakeme kakhulu lokusinda kunalawo azalwe ngenkathi engekho.
Izitha zika-Agouti zemvelo
Isithombe: Rodent agouti
I-Agouti izingelwa izidalwa eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinkulu kuwo wonke amabanga azo, kuhlanganise nabantu. Zigwema ukuzingelwa ngokuhlala ziphapheme futhi zishesha emhlathini ominyene, futhi imibala yazo isiza nokuzifihla kulabo abangaba yizilwane. Endle, bayizilwane ezinamahloni ezibalekela abantu, ngenkathi besekuthunjweni zingaba lula ukukhohliseka. Izilwane zaziwa ngokuba ngabagijimi abashesha kakhulu, abakwazi ukugcina izinja ezizingelayo zizijaha amahora. Futhi zinokuzwa okuhle kakhulu okungabasindisa ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
I-Agouti inezimbobo zokuphunyuka ezihlahleni eziwile. Lokhu kuvuleka kunemigwaqo emibili yokuphuma, evumela igundane ukuthi liphume ngophuma munye, kuyilapho umhlaseli ezilinda kolunye ukuphuma. Uma kungenzeka, zisebenzisa nemihubhe ephakathi kwamatshe ahlukaniswe kakhulu neminye imbobo yemvelo. Bethuke, babaleke, benze ukubhonga okungaziwa.
Izitha ze-agouti zifaka:
- i-boa;
- inja yasendle (S. venaticus);
- i-ocelot (L. pardalis);
- i-puma (Puma concolor);
- i-jaguar (i-Panthera onca).
Uma isilwane sisengozini, ziyema zinganyakazi ziphakamise umlenze wangaphambili bese zilinda ukuthi usongo lunyamalale. I-Agouti ingahamba ngejubane elimangalisayo nangobukhali. Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo, njengoba ziyizisulu zezilwane eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinkulu njengezinkozi nezingwe. Badlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuvuselelwa kwezihlahla ezithela izithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo ngokusatshalaliswa kwembewu.
Kodwa-ke, njengezinye izilwane eziningi, usongo olukhulu esilwaneni luvela kubantu. Kungukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yabo yemvelo kanye nokuzingelwa kwenyama yabo. Uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa, isilwane siyazibulala noma sizama ukucasha kuma-zigzags, sishintshe umzila wokuhamba kwaso.
Iphunga lidlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwabantu. Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane banezindlala ezinephunga elilinganayo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene emvelweni. U-Agouti unamehlo abukhali futhi uyezwa. Basebenzisa ukuxhumana okuthintekayo ngokuzilungisa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Mexican Agouti
Kwezinye izindawo, izinombolo ze-agouti zehle kakhulu ngenxa yokuzingelwa nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo. Kodwa la magundane asabalele namuhla futhi angenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ebangeni lawo. Izinhlobo eziningi zihlukaniswa njengezisengozini encane ngokuya ngobubanzi be-latitude, ubuningi obukhulu, nokuba khona ezindaweni eziningi ezivikelwe.
Isilwane sihlaselwa ngabantu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngoba sihlala singena emasimini bese sibaqeda, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yenyama emnandi abazingelwa ngabantu bomdabu, abajwayele ukuyidla. UDarwin uchaze inyama ye-agouti "njengeyona emnandi kunayo yonke ake wayinambitha empilweni yakhe." Inyama idliwa eGuiana, eTrinidad, eBrazil. Imhlophe, inamanzi, ithenda futhi inamafutha.
Ezinhlotsheni eziyi-11 ze-agouti, ezine ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengengozi:
- I-Orinoco agouti (D. guamara) - ingozi ephansi;
- UCoiban Agouti (D. coibae) - usengozini;
- Roatan Agouti (D. ruatanica) - ingozi enkulu;
- I-agouti yaseMexico (D. mexicana) - isengozini.
Lezi zilwane zinamathele kakhulu ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala, ngakho-ke zivame ukuba yizisulu zezinja nezinye izilwane ezihlaselayo. Ukulahleka okusheshayo kwendawo yokuhlala, kungenzeka kakhulu, kungaba yisizathu sokwehla kwaleli gundane kungekudala. Ezinye izinhlobo bezilokhu zincipha kule minyaka eyishumi edlule njengoba izindawo zokuhlala ziguqulwe ukuze zisetshenziswe kwezolimo nangenxa yokukhula kwamadolobha. Ukuzingela izilwane ezidla ezinye noma ukusabalalisa imbewu kungashintsha ngokungaqondile ukwakheka nokusatshalaliswa kwendawo yehlathi.
Okwamanje akukhulunywa ngezenzo ezithile ezihlose ukulondolozwa agouti... Ezinye izinsongo zifaka ezolimo zasemanzini kanye namahlathi, futhi ikakhulukazi umhlaba omningi osendaweni yawo yemvelo usetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa izinkomo. Ambalwa amanani aguqulwe ukuze atshale ikhofi, ukhokho, izithelo ezisawolintshi, ubhanana noma i-allspice.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 15.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/25/2019 ngo-20: 24
