Unogolantethe omhlophe Ingabe inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke engatholakala esifundeni sethu. Amaphiko kanogolantethe afinyelela ku-220 cm, isisindo senyoni cishe siyi-4.5 kg. Ezweni lethu, onogolantethe babhekwa njengabaxhasi bempilo yomndeni nokunethezeka ekhaya. Kukholakala ukuthi uma onogolantethe bahlala eduze kwendlu, lokhu kuyinhlanhla. Unogolantethe bezinyoni banenhlangano yomndeni eqinile; bahlala ngababili futhi bazikhulisela abantwana babo ndawonye.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Unogolantethe Omhlophe
Unogolantethe omhlophe (Ciconia ciconia). Oda onogolantethe. Umndeni wengwamza. Uhlobo Lwezinogolantethe. Ukubukwa kwe-White Stork. Umndeni wonogolantethe uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-12 kanye nemikhakha engu-6. Lo mndeni ungowe-oda lezinyoni ezihamba ngezinyawo. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yesayensi, onogolantethe bokuqala babehlala e-Upper Eocene. Ezinye izinsalela ezindala zonogolantethe ziye zatholwa ososayensi eFrance. Umndeni wonogolantethe ufinyelele esiqongweni esiphakeme kakhulu sokwehluka esikhathini se-Oligocene.
Ngokusobala, ngalezo zinsuku, izimo ezithandeka kakhulu empilweni nasentuthukweni yezinyoni zalolu hlobo lwavela. Ezweni lesimanje, kunencazelo yezinhlobo zezinsalela eziyisishiyagalolunye, kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-30. Ezinye zezinhlobo zikanogolantethe ezikhona emhlabeni wanamuhla zaziphila ngesikhathi se-Eocene. Futhi izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zesimanje zaziwa kusukela esikhathini sePleistocene.
Ividiyo: Ingwamza Emhlophe
Kuyaziwa ukuthi onogolantethe basendulo babebakhulu izikhathi eziningi kunezinyoni zesimanje, futhi behluke kancane ezinyonini zesimanje ezicini zesakhiwo somzimba nendlela yokuphila. Unogolantethe omhlophe wanamuhla uyinyoni enkulu emhlophe. Kukhona umngcele omnyama ezimpikweni. Ingemuva likanogolantethe nalo limnyama ngebala. Ukubukeka kwabesifazane akuhlukile kwabesilisa. Ubungako benyoni bungaba ngamasentimitha angama-125. Amaphiko angaba ngamasentimitha angama-200.
Uhlobo lweCiconia lwachazwa okokuqala ngusosayensi wezwe uKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758. UKarl Linnaeus uqale wakhuluma ngalezi zinhlobo ohlelweni oluhlukanisiwe lwezigaba nezilwane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Unogolantethe omhlophe wezinyoni
Inyoni kanogolantethe icishe ibe mhlophe ngokuphelele. Emaphikweni nasemuva kancane kukhona ukuhlangana kwezimpaphe ezimnyama zokundiza, kubonakala kakhulu ngenkathi indiza inyoni. Lapho inyoni imi, kubukeka sengathi ingemuva lenyoni limnyama, ngenxa yokuthi amaphiko asongiwe. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, izimpaphe zale nyoni zingathatha umbala obomvana. Le nyoni inomlomo omkhulu, okhonjisiwe, ngisho noqhwaku. Igolo elide. Ikhanda lenyoni lincane. Isikhumba esimnyama esingenalutho siyabonakala eduze kwamehlo. I-iris yamehlo imnyama.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yezimpaphe zale nyoni izimpaphe zokundiza nezimpaphe ezimboze ihlombe lenyoni. Entanyeni nasesifubeni sale nyoni kunezimpaphe ezinde, uma ziphazanyisiwe, inyoni iyazikhuhla. Futhi nabesilisa baphephetha izimpaphe zabo ngesikhathi semidlalo yokukhwelana. Umsila uyindilinga kancane.Umlomo nemilenze yale nyoni zibomvu tebhu. Onogolantethe abamhlophe banemilenze engenalutho. Unogolantethe unikina ikhanda kancane ngenkathi ehamba phansi. Esidlekeni nasemhlabathini, ikwazi ukuma ngomlenze owodwa isikhathi eside impela.
Ukundiza kukanogolantethe kungumbono omuhle. Le nyoni, indiza kamnandi emoyeni, cishe ngaphandle kokushaya amaphiko ayo. Lapho ifika, le nyoni icindezela amaphiko ayo ngokungazelelwe bese ibeka imilenze yayo phambili. Unogolantethe yizinyoni ezifudukayo, futhi zihamba kalula amabanga amade. Izinyoni ikakhulukazi zikhulumisana ngokuqhekeka imilomo yazo. Ngenkathi ichofoza ngomlomo wayo, le nyoni iphosa ikhanda layo bese yelula ulimi lwayo, ukuchofoza okunjalo kuthatha indawo yokuxhumana ngezwi. Kwesinye isikhathi bangenza imisindo yokuhayiza. Onogolantethe baphila isikhathi eside futhi ngokwesilinganiso onogolantethe abamhlophe baphila cishe iminyaka engama-20.
Zihlala kuphi izingwamza?
Isithombe: Unogolantethe omhlophe endizeni
Onogolantethe abamhlophe bama-subspecies aseYurophu bahlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ukusuka eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia kuya eCaucasus nasemadolobheni esifunda saseVolga. Ama-storkork amhlophe angatholakala e-Estonia nasePortugal, eDenmark naseSweden, eFrance naseRussia. Ngenxa yokusabalala okuqhubekayo kwezinyoni zalolu hlobo, onogolantethe baqala ukwakha izidleke emadolobheni asentshonalanga ye-Asia, eMorocco, e-Algeria naseTunisia. Futhi onogolantethe bangatholakala eCaucasus. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukuhlala ebusika lapho. Ezweni lakithi, onogolantethe bahlala endaweni yesifunda saseKaliningrad isikhathi eside.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lezi zinyoni zaqala ukuhlala esifundeni saseMoscow. Kamuva, onogolantethe bahlala ezweni lonke. Ukuhlakazeka kwezinyoni kwenzeka ngamagagasi. Ama-Storks aqala ukuhlola izindawo ezintsha ikakhulukazi ngamandla ngo-1980-1990. Okwamanje, onogolantethe bahlala kuyo yonke insimu yezwe lethu, ngaphandle kwamadolobha asenyakatho. E-Ukraine indawo yokuhlala onogolantethe ihlanganisa izifunda zaseDonetsk naseLugansk, eCrimea naseFeodosia. E-Turkmenistan, lolu hlobo lusakazeke kakhulu e-Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan naseKazakhstan. Izazi zezilwane nazo ziye zaphawula indawo yokuzalanisa eningizimu ye-Afrika.
Onogolantethe yizinyoni ezifudukayo. Bachitha ihlobo ezindaweni zabo ezijwayelekile, futhi ekwindla izinyoni ziya ebusika emazweni afudumele. Ngokuyinhloko, ubusika be-subspecies yaseYurophu ezindaweni ezingama-savanna ezisuka eSahara ziye eCameroon. Imvamisa, onogolantethe asebusika bahlala esidlekeni esiseduze neLake Chad, eduze nemifula iSenegal neNiger. Onogolantethe abahlala engxenyeni esempumalanga bachitha ubusika e-Afrika, eNhlonhlweni yaseSomalia e-Ethiopia naseSudan. Futhi, lezi zinyoni zitholakala eNdiya, eThailand. Ama-subspecies asentshonalanga ebusika eSpain, Portugal, Armenia. Onogolantethe abahlala ezweni lethu imvamisa ebusika eDagestan, e-Armenia, noma kunjalo, izinyoni ezifakwe ezweni lethu ziye zabonakala e-Ethiopia, eKenya, eSudan nase-Afrika.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, onogolantethe abathandi ukundiza ngaphezu kolwandle. Ezindizeni bazama ukukhetha imizila yezwe. Okwempilo nokwakha isidleke, onogolantethe, njengezakhamizi ezijwayelekile zamathafa avulekile, bakhetha izindawo ezine-biotypes ezimanzi. Onogolantethe bahlala emadlelweni, emadlelweni nasemasimini aniselwa. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ema-savanna nase-steppes.
Manje uyazi lapho unogolantethe omhlophe ahlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Zidlani onogolantethe abamhlophe?
Isithombe: Unogolantethe Omhlophe eRussia
Ukudla kukanogolantethe kuhluke kakhulu.
Ukudla kukanogolantethe kuhlanganisa:
- isibungu;
- izinkumbi, izintethe;
- ama-arthropod ahlukahlukene;
- i-crayfish nenhlanzi;
- izinambuzane;
- amaxoxo nezinyoka.
Iqiniso lokuzijabulisa: Onogolantethe bangadla izinyoka ezinobuthi futhi eziyingozi ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yabo.
Kwesinye isikhathi onogolantethe bangaphinde badle izilwane ezincane ezifana namagundane nonogwaja abancane. Unogolantethe yizinyoni ezidla inyama, ubukhulu benyamazane incike kuphela emandleni okukugwinya. Onogolantethe abaphuli futhi abakwazi ukuhlafuna isisulu sabo. Bayigwinya yonke. Eduze kwechibi, onogolantethe bathanda ukugeza isisulu sabo emanzini ngaphambi kokudla, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukusigwinya. Ngendlela efanayo, onogolantethe bageza amaxoxo omiswe kusilika nasesihlabathini. Ama-storks abuyisela emuva ukudla okungadliwe ngesimo sezinyosi. Ama-grebe anjalo akha izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi aqukethe uboya, izinsalela zezinambuzane nezikali zezinhlanzi.
Onogolantethe bazingela eduze kwezidleke zabo emadlelweni, emadlelweni, emaxhaphozini. Unogolantethe yizinyoni ezinkulu kanti inyoni ethunjiwe idinga ama-gramu angama-300 okudla ehlobo kanye nama-gramu angama-500 okudla ebusika impilo ejwayelekile. Endle, izinyoni zidla ukudla okuningi, ngoba ukuzingela nezindiza ezinde kudla amandla kakhulu. Onogolantethe badla cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokwesilinganiso, onogolantethe abanamachwane amabili badla cishe u-5000 kJ wamandla atholakala ekudleni ngosuku. Amagundane amancane nezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla kungukudla okuzuzisa ngokukhethekile konogolantethe.
Ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka nendawo ezihlala kuyo, ukudla kwenyoni kungahluka. Kwezinye izindawo, izinyoni zidla izinkumbi eziningi nezinambuzane ezinamaphiko, kwezinye izindawo, ukudla kungabandakanya amagundane nezilwane eziphila ezweni. Ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, onogolantethe abakutholi ukusweleka kokudla futhi bathola ngokushesha ukudla endaweni entsha.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Unogolantethe omhlophe wezinyoni
Unogolantethe yizinyoni ezizolile. Esikhathini esingesona esidleke, bahlala emihlambini. Izinyoni ezingazali nazo ziyahlangana. Abantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi bakha ngababili. Ngesikhathi sokuzalisa, ngazimbili kwakhiwa kusuka kowesilisa nowesifazane, lezi zibhangqwana ziqhubeka isikhathi eside. Onogolantethe bakha izidleke ezinkulu, ezinkulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi bangabuyela kuzo ngemuva kobusika. Izingwamza zivame ukuhlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Bazama ukusondela echibini. Izinyoni zakha izidleke zazo ezakhiweni ezenziwe ngabantu. Ezindlini naseshedini, emibhoshongweni. Kwesinye isikhathi bangenza isidleke esihlahleni eside ngoseka noma umqhele ophukile. Izinyoni zingaphezu kobusika emazweni afudumele.
Isikhathi esiningi onogolantethe bafuna ukudla ukuze bazondle bona nenzalo yabo. Onogolantethe bayasebenza emini, balala kaningi ebusuku. Yize kwenzeka ukuthi onogolantethe bondla amawundlu abo ebusuku. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, inyoni ihamba kancane otshanini nasemanzini angajulile, ngezikhathi ezithile yehlisa ijubane layo, futhi ingenza ukuphonsa okubukhali. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zingabheka inyamazane yazo. Bangakwazi ukubamba izinambuzane, ojekamanzi kanye ne-midges endizeni, kepha ikakhulukazi bathola ukudla phansi, emanzini. Izingwamza zikwazi ukudoba ngemilomo yazo.
Ngokwesilinganiso, onogolantethe bahamba ngesivinini esingaba ngu-2 km / h ngenkathi bezingela. Onogolantethe bathola inyamazane yabo ngamehlo. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinyoni zingadla izilwane ezincane ezifile nezinhlanzi. Onogolantethe bangatholakala nasezindaweni okulahlwa kuzo udoti ezinolwandle kanye namagwababa. Lezi zinyoni zingondla zombili zodwa nasemhlambini ophelele. Imvamisa ezindaweni lapho izinyoni zichitha khona ubusika, ezindaweni ezinothile ngokudla okuhlukahlukene, ungathola amaqoqo onogolantethe, lapho kukhona khona amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu. Lapho izinyoni zidla njengemihlambi, zizizwa zivikeleke ngokwengeziwe futhi zingazitholela ukudla okwengeziwe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amachwane kanogolantethe amhlophe
Onogolantethe abamhlophe bayakwazi ukuzala beneminyaka engama-3-7 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalezi zinyoni lizala lineminyaka engu-7 ubudala. Lezi zinyoni zinomfazi oyedwa, ngazimbili zenzelwe isikhathi sokuzalela. Imvamisa entwasahlobo owesilisa ufika kuqala esidlekeni, noma umfanela. Amafomu akhe esidlekeni. Uma abanye onogolantethe besondela esidlekeni, owesilisa uqala ukuwaxosha ngokuqhekeza uqhwaku lwakhe, aphonse ikhanda lakhe emuva futhi aphephezele izimpaphe zakhe. Lapho isondela esidlekeni sowesifazane, unogolantethe uyawubingelela. Uma owesilisa esondela esidlekeni, umnikazi wesidleke uyamxosha, noma inyoni ingahlala esidlekeni sayo ivule izimpiko zayo ezinhlangothini, ivale indlu yayo kuzivakashi ezingamenyiwe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngaphambi kokuqala umndeni, onogolantethe benza imidanso yokuqhamuka yangempela ngokuzungeza, benza imisindo ehlukile bashaye amaphiko abo.
Isidleke sikanogolantethe yisakhiwo esikhulu ngokwanele esenziwe ngamagatsha, utshani nezitshalo zomquba. Indawo yamatshe yakhiwe ngobulembu obuthambile, utshani noboya. Izinyoni sekuneminyaka eminingi zakha isidleke, futhi kaningi zibandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwazo okungaphezulu .. Ngokuvamile, insikazi yokuqala, eyandizela esidlekeni, iba yinkosikazi yayo. Nokho, ukulwa phakathi kwabesifazane kuyinto evamile. Izinsikazi eziningana zingandiza ziye esidlekeni esisodwa, kungaqala umzabalazo phakathi kwazo nalowo onqobayo futhi ongahlala esidlekeni abe ngumama.
I-Oviposition yenzeka entwasahlobo. Imvamisa ekupheleni kukaMashi - Ephreli, kuya ngesimo sezulu. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ngezikhathi zezinsuku ezimbalwa. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-1 kuya kwayi-7. Izithandani zifukamela amaqanda ndawonye. Isikhathi sokufukamela sihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-34. Amachwane azalwa engenakuzisiza ngalutho. Okokuqala, abazali babo babondla ngemisundu. Amachwane ayazibamba, noma aqoqe ukudla okuwile phansi kwesidleke. Abazali bayawaqapha kakhulu amatshwele abo futhi bavikele isidleke sabo ekuhlaselweni.
Amachwane aqala ukuphuma kancane eneminyaka engama-56 ezelwe ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa eqandeni. Onogolantethe abancane bafunda ukundiza ngaphansi kweso labazali babo. Kwaphela amasonto ambalwa, abazali bondla amawundlu abo asekhulile. Lapho enezinyanga ezingaba ngu-2,5, amaphuphu azimela. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, izinyoni ezincane ziyandiza ziyozihlalela zodwa ngaphandle kwabazali.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Onogolantethe bayazwela kakhulu ezinganeni zabo, kodwa bangaphonsa amatshwele abuthakathaka nabagulayo aphume esidlekeni.
Izitha zemvelo zonogolantethe abamhlophe
Isithombe: Unogolantethe omhlophe wezinyoni
Lezi zinyoni zinezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo.
Ezinyonini ezindala, izitha yilezi:
- Izinkozi, nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama;
- izimpungushe;
- ama-martens;
- izinja ezinkulu nezimpisi.
Izidleke zikanogolantethe zingabhujiswa yizinyoni ezinkulu, amakati kanye nama-martens. Kulezi zifo ku-storks, izifo ezithinta izinambuzane zitholakala ikakhulu.
Onogolantethe batheleleka ngezinhlobo ze-helminths njenge:
- chaunocephalus ferox;
- i-histriorchis tricolor;
- dyctimetra discoidea.
Izinyoni zitheleleka ngazo ngokudla izinhlanzi nezilwane ezinegciwane, zicoshe ukudla phansi. Kodwa-ke, umuntu uthathwa njengesitha esikhulu salezi zinyoni ezinhle ezimhlophe. Ingani izinyoni eziningi ziyafa ngenxa yokuwela ezintanjeni zikagesi. Izinyoni ziyafa ngenxa yokushaqeka ugesi; ngezinye izikhathi izingane ezisencane ziyagqashula ezintanjeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize ukuzingela izinyoni zalolu hlobo manje sekulinganiselwe, izinyoni eziningi zifa ezandleni zabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Izinyoni eziningi zifa ngesikhathi sezindiza. Imvamisa, izilwane ezincane, izinyoni ezindizela ubusika okokuqala ziyafa.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasebusika, kuba nokufa okukhulu kwezinyoni ngenxa yesimo sezulu. Iziphepho, izivunguvungu kanye nokubanda okucijile okubandayo kungabulala izinyoni ezingamakhulu amaningana ngasikhathi sinye. Isici esikhulu esingathandeki konogolantethe ukucekelwa phansi kwezakhiwo lapho izinyoni zihlala khona. Ukubuyiselwa kwamathempeli agugile, imibhoshongo yamanzi nezinye izindawo lapho onogolantethe bahlala khona. Izinyoni zakha izidleke zazo isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwesidleke kuthatha iminyaka eminingana, okusho ukuthi onogolantethe ngeke bakwazi ukuzala lapho befika endaweni yabo ejwayelekile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ama-storks amhlophe
Abantu bezinogolantethe ezimhlophe bayakhula futhi lolu hlobo alubangeli kukhathazeka okuthile. Okwamanje, kunezinkulungwane ezingama-150 zokuzalela ngazimbili emhlabeni jikelele. Izingwamza zisakazeka ngokushesha futhi zandise indawo yazo yokuhlala. Muva nje, izinhlobo ze-White Stork zifakwe ohlwini lweSithasiselo 2 kwiRed Book yaseRussia njengohlobo oludinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile esimweni salo endaweni yemvelo. Le nhlobo inesimo esingabangeli ukukhathazeka.
Ukuzingela unogolantethe akuvunyelwe emazweni amaningi. Ukusekela lezi zinyoni kanye nokuvuselela izinyoni ezisenkingeni ezweni lethu, izindawo zokuhlumelelisa izimilo njengamanje zisebenza, njengendawo yokuhlala yezinyoni engenamngcele, iRomashka Centre esendaweni yaseTver, kanye nesikhungo sokuvuselela i-Phoenix. Ezikhungweni ezinjalo, izinyoni ziyavuselelwa futhi zithole ukulimala kanzima nezinye izinkinga zempilo.
Ukuze kugcinwe inani lalesi silwane, kunconywa ukuthi ungabhubhisi izidleke nezakhiwo ezakhelwe kuzo. Qaphela kakhulu lezi zinyoni, nangazo zonke izilwane zasendle. Masingakhohlwa ukuthi ukulinyazwa okuyinhloko kwezinyoni nakho konke ukuphila emhlabeni wethu kubangelwa ngabantu, becekela phansi imvelo njalo. Ukwakha imigwaqo, izimboni eziyingozi, ukugawula amahlathi nokucekela phansi izindawo ezivamile zalezi zinyoni. Ake sizinakekele kahle lezi zinyoni ezinhle bese sizilinda njalo entwasahlobo.
Unogolantethe omhlophe - lena yinyoni emangalisayo, emhlabeni wezilwane kunzima ukuthola izidalwa eziningi zomndeni kunonogolantethe. Lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswa ngokusizana okukhethekile. Ukuthi nje onogolantethe bakha futhi bathuthukise amakhaya abo iminyaka, nokuthi abazali bathatha indawo yabo, babaxhase ekunakekeleni amatshwele abo, kukhuluma ngenhlangano ephakeme yezenhlalo yalezi zinyoni. Uma unogolantethe ehlala eduze kwendlu yakho, kufanele wazi ukuthi kuyinhlanhla leyo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12.07.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/24/2019 ngo-22: 27
