Kakapo - upholi oyingqayizivele, omunye wohlobo. Iheha izazi zemvelo nabameli bezilwane njengoba isengcupheni yokuqothulwa. IKakapo iyathakazelisa ngoba ngokuzithandela ixhumana nabantu futhi iziphatha ngobungane kakhulu kwezinye izinyoni eziningi zasendle. Ake sithole ukuthi kungani lo pholi wehlukile.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Kakapo
IKakapo yipholi eyivelakancane eyomndeni wakwaNestoridae. Okucacile kokungeyona inzalo ukuthi bahlala eNew Zealand kuphela futhi bafaka inani elinqunyiwe labamele abasongelwa ngokuqothulwa:
- kea;
- I-cocoa yaseSouth Island neNorth Island;
- i-norfolk cocoa, uhlobo olungasekho ngokuphelele. Inyoni yokugcina yafa eLondon Home Zoo ngo-1851;
- kakapo, nayo esengozini yokuqothulwa;
- UChatham Kaka - Ngokusho kososayensi, lolu hlobo lwaphela cishe ngawo-1700. Ayaziwa ukuthi ibukeka kanjani, ngoba kwathathwa izinsalela zayo kuphela.
Umndeni wakwaNesterov uyinyoni yasendulo kakhulu, okhokho bayo abaseduze kakhulu abaphila eMhlabeni iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-16. Isizathu sokuqothulwa okukhulu kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kwamazwe aseNew Zealand: izinyoni zabanjwa njengezindebe, zazingelwa ezemidlalo. Ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yabo yemvelo kwathinta namanani abo.
Umndeni wakwaNesterov kunzima ukugxila noma kuphi ngaphandle kwendawo yaseNew Zealand, ngakho-ke ukuzalanisa eziqiwini kuyinkinga kakhulu. Bathola amagama abo ezizweni zamaMaori - abantu bomdabu baseNew Zealand. Igama elithi "kaka", ngokolimi lwabo, lisho ukuthi "upholi", futhi "po" lisho ubusuku. Ngakho-ke, kakapo ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "upholi wasebusuku", ohambelana nempilo yasebusuku.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Parrot Kakapo
IKakapo yipholi enkulu, ubude bomzimba obufinyelela cishe kuma-cm 60. Upholi unesisindo esisuka ku-2 kuye ku-4 kg. Izimpaphe ikakhulu zinombala oluhlaza okotshani omnyama ohlanganiswe nombala ophuzi omnyama nomnyama - lo mbala unikeza le nyoni ukufihla ehlathini. Ekhanda le-kakapo, izimpaphe zimhlophe kakhulu, zihlangene - ngenxa yesimo sazo, le nyoni iba nokuzwela kakhulu emisindweni eseduze.
Ividiyo: Kakapo
I-kakapo inomlomo omkhulu ompunga ogobile, umsila omfushane ojiyile, imilenze emifushane emikhulu enezithupha - ilungiselelwe ukugijima ngokushesha nokuqaqa izithiyo ezincane. Le nyoni ayisebenzisi izimpiko zayo ukundiza - ilahlekelwe amandla okundiza, ikhetha ukugijima, ngakho-ke amaphiko afinyezwa futhi aqala ukudlala indima yokugcina ibhalansi lapho inyoni ikhuphuka intaba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa ye-disc emhlophe, lezi zopholi zibizwa nangokuthi "ama-owl parrot", ngoba i-disc iyafana naleyo enezinhlobo eziningi zezikhova.
Ngenxa yokulahleka kwekhono lokundiza, amathambo e-kakapo ahlukile ngesakhiwo kusuka kumathambo amanye amapholi, kufaka phakathi lawo avela emndenini wakwaNesterov. Zine-sternum encane ene-keel ephansi efushaniswe kancane futhi ebukeka ingathuthukile. I-pelvis ibanzi - lokhu kuvumela ukuthi i-kakapo ihambe kahle emhlabathini. Amathambo omlenze made futhi aqinile; amathambo amaphiko amafushane, kodwa futhi ahlanganisiwe, ngokuqhathanisa namathambo amanye amapholi.
Abesilisa, njengomthetho, bakhulu kunabesifazane, kepha abanawo omunye umehluko komunye nomunye. Izwi labesilisa nabesifazane be-kakapo liyashoshozela, liyakhala - abesilisa bakhala kakhulu futhi imisindo yabo imvamisa kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, "ukucula" okunjalo kungaphenduka kube ukukhala okungathandeki. Kepha ezimweni eziningi, ama-kakapo ayizinyoni ezithule futhi ezizolile ezikhetha indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IKakapos inuka ngamandla, kepha iphunga labo limnandi ngokwanele - lifana nephunga loju, ingcina yezinyosi nezimbali.
Uhlala kuphi kakapo?
Isithombe: Kakapo ngokwemvelo
IKakapo itholakala kuphela eziqhingini zaseNew Zealand. Iningi labantu lisindile eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSouth Island. IKakapo izinze ezindaweni ezishisayo, njengoba umbala wayo ushintshwa ukuze ufihle phakathi kwamahlathi aluhlaza okotshani. Kunzima ngabantu ukuthola ama-kakapos, ngoba ngobuciko bacasha ezihlahleni notshani obude.
IKakapo ukuphela kwopholi omba imigodi. Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane banemigodi yabo, abamba ngayo ngezidladla ezinkulu eziqinile. Izwe elishisayo linomswakama, kepha noma ngezikhathi ezingavamile zesomiso, ngeke kube nzima ngopholi ukuthola umhlaba owomile ngezinzipho zawo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ngaphandle kokuthi imilenze yekakapo iqine kakhulu, ngezinzipho eziqinile, ikakapo iyinyoni enokuthula kakhulu engazi ukuthi ingavikela kanjani futhi ihlasele.
Okomgodi kakapo, kukhethwa izimpande zezihlahla noma zokudangala ezihlahleni. Indawo eyimfihlo kakhulu, iba ngcono, ngoba i-kakapo icasha emigodini yayo emini. Ngenxa yokuthi ebusuku inyoni ingahamba amakhilomitha ambalwa ifuna ukudla, ayihlali inaso isikhathi sokubuyela emgodini lapho iphume khona emini. Ngakho-ke, i-kakapo eyodwa, njengomthetho, inezinhlayiya eziningana.
Ama-kakapos abeka imingxunya yawo ngokukhulu ukunaka: amagatsha omile, izindwani zotshani namaqabunga kudonswa lapho. Ngobuhlakani le nyoni imba amasango amabili okungena kulo mgodi ukuze, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, ikwazi ukubaleka, ngakho-ke imisele ye-kakapo ivame ukuba yimigudu emifushane. Kumantshontsho, abesifazane bavamise ukuhlela amakamelo abo okulala, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangaphandle kwamantshontsho, amakakapo agubha "amakamelo" amabili emgodini.
AmaKakapo kunzima ukugxila kwenye indawo ngaphandle kweziqhingi zaseNew Zealand. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuqhakaza kwezitshalo ezithile ezikhuthaza ukuqala kwenkathi yazo yokukhwelana.
Udla ini kakapo?
Isithombe: UKakapo ovela kwiRed Book
IKakapos yizinyoni ezidla utshani kuphela. Umuthi we-dacridium nezithelo zawo ngukudla okuthandwa yi-kakapo. Ngenxa yezithelo, izinyoni zikulungele ukukhuphuka eziqongweni zezihlahla, zisebenzisa imilenze eqinile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zindiza zisuka egatsheni ziye egatsheni.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Isikhathi sokukhwelana se-kakapo kaningi siqondana nokuqhakaza kwe-dacridium. Mhlawumbe lesi yisizathu sokuzala ngempumelelo kwezinyoni ekuthunjweni.
Ngaphezu kwezithelo ezi-Woody, ama-kakapo adliwa nge:
- amajikijolo;
- izithelo;
- impova yezimbali;
- izingxenye ezithambile zotshani;
- amakhowe;
- amantongomane;
- ubulembu;
- izimpande ezithambile.
Izinyoni zikhetha ukudla okuthambile, yize uqhwaku lwazo luguqulwa ukuze kugaywe imicu eqinile. Imvamisa bathambisa noma yisiphi isithelo noma utshani ngoqhwaku lwabo kusimo se-mushy, bese bedla ngokujabula.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-kakapo isidle noma yiziphi izitshalo noma izithelo, izigaxa ezinemicu zihlala kudoti wokudla - lezi yizindawo upholi ozihlafuna ngomlomo wazo. Kuvela kubo ukuthi umuntu angaqonda ukuthi i-kakapo ihlala endaweni ethile eseduze. Ekuthunjweni, upholi unikezwa ukudla okumnandi okwenziwe ngemifino ecindezelwe, izithelo, amantongomane namakhambi. Izinyoni zikhuluphala masinyane futhi zisheshe zizalane uma zigcwele.
Manje uyazi ukuthi upholi wakak owl udlani. Ake sibone ukuthi uhlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Kakapo bird
AmaKakapos akhetha ukuhlala kude komunye nomunye, yize izindawo zabo zivame ukuhlangana - ngisho nabesilisa abanolaka kwabanye abesilisa. Ziyizinyoni ezihamba ebusuku, ziphuma emigodini yazo kusihlwa bese zichitha ubusuku bonke zifuna ukudla.
AmaKakapo ayizinyoni ezinomusa nezinobungani. Bazitholele umlingiswa onjalo ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo, ngoba cishe abahlangabezananga nezilwane eziyingozi endaweni yabo. Bakulungele ukuxhumana, ababesabi abantu; Kusanda kutholakala ukuthi ukudlala kuyadlala futhi kunothando. Bangakwazi ukunamathela kumuntu, bathande ukuphululwa futhi bakulungele ukucela ukuphatha. Akujwayelekile ukuthi abesilisa bakakapo benze imidanso yokuqoma phambi kwabagcini bezilwane noma izazi zemvelo.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: AmaKakapo ngopholi abaphila isikhathi eside - bangaphila iminyaka efinyelela kwengu-90.
Izinyoni azenzelwanga ukundiza okusebenzayo, kepha amaphiko azo azivumela ukuthi zigxume ziye ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, zikhuphuke izihlahla namanye amagquma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzipho lwawo olubukhali nemilenze eqinile kubenza bakhuphuke kahle. Ukusuka ekuphakameni, behla ngamaphiko abo asakazekile - lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuthambisa phansi emhlabathini.
Ukuphela kokuzivikela okwenziwe yi-kakapo ukufihla nokubanda ngokuphelele. Iqaphela ukuthi isitha siseduze, le nyoni iqhwa ngokungazelele futhi ihlale inganyakazi ize ingozi ihambe. Ezinye izidalwa nabantu ababoni i-kakapo uma zihlala zinganyakazi, ngoba, ngenxa yombala wazo, zixubana nendawo ezungezile.
Ngokuvamile, le nyoni ihamba cishe amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili ebusuku. Njengomthetho, zihamba kancane, zizulazula ngapha nangapha. Kepha ama-kakapo nawo agijima ngejubane futhi ngobuchule eqa izithiyo ngenxa yezidladla ezithuthukisiwe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amachwane eKakapo
Njengama-grouse ezinkuni, ama-kakapo wesilisa aqala ukuphonsa - ukwenza imisindo engathandeki, efana nokuduma. Lo msindo uzwakala kude ngamakhilomitha amaningi, okuheha abesifazane. Abesifazane bayahamba bayofuna owesilisa ovuzayo, futhi bayakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade ukuyomthola.
Indoda yenza imisindo eheha abesifazane ngesikhwama esikhethekile somphimbo. Ukuze umsindo usabalale ngangokunokwenzeka, ukhuphuka intaba - amagquma, iziphunzi, izihlahla. Ngaphansi kwala magquma, owesilisa umba umgodi lapho ehlela khona njalo ebusuku aze athole owesifazane omlindile lapho. Kwesinye isikhathi, esikhundleni sowesifazane, kuvela owesilisa lapho, yingakho izimpi ezincane ziphakama phakathi kopholi, abagcina ngokundiza kwelinye lama-kakapos.
Lapho ithole umgodi, insikazi ihlala kuwo bese ilinda owesilisa ukuba ehlele kuwo. Ngalesi sikhathi, angakhipha ukukhala okumnandi okuheha ukunaka kwakhe. Ngokuvamile, ukukhwelana kowesilisa kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezintathu noma ezine, okuyirekhodi phakathi kwamasiko wokukhwelana kwezilwane. Uma owesifazane ebheka owesilisa njengowenele ngokwanele nezimpaphe zakhe zikhanga futhi zikhanya, lapho-ke uzovuma ukukhwelana.
Owesilisa ufuna ukujabulisa owesifazane: ehlela emgodini, wenza imidanso yesiko efaka ukujika endaweni, ukunyathela, ukububula nokushaya amaphiko akhe. Insikazi, ngemuva kokwenza isinqumo ngendoda, iya endaweni eseduze efanelekayo esidlekeni. Eyesilisa ngalesi sikhathi ayiyeki ukukhwelana - ibuyela ekuphakameni kwayo futhi iyaqhubeka nokubiza abesifazane.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-kakapo yesifazane isakhe isidleke, ibuyela kowesilisa ethanda ukukhwelana naye, bese ibuyela esidlekeni. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi, ubeka amaqanda akhe emgodini ombiwe ngaphakathi kwezihlahla ezibolile neziqu ezibolile. Okuphoqelekile esidlekeni esinjalo yiminyango emibili eyakha umhubhe. Cishe isikhathi esingangenyanga, insikazi ifukamela amaqanda amabili amhlophe, ngemuva kwalokho amaphuphu avela ambozwe okumhlophe phansi.
Amachwane ahlala nonina unyaka wonke aze akhule futhi aqine. Insikazi ihlala ihlala eduze kwesidleke, iphendula ngokuncinza okuncane kwamachwane. Uma zisengozini, insikazi iyazimboza ngomzimba wayo bese iba nokubukeka okwesabisayo, izama "ukuvuvukala" ngosayizi omkhulu. Ngeminyaka emihlanu, ama-kakapo ngokwawo ayakwazi ukuzala.
Izitha zemvelo zikakapo
Isithombe: Parrot Kakapo
Izinkulungwane zeminyaka, ama-kakapos abengenazo izitha zemvelo, futhi inani labantu laligcinwa ngenxa yokuzalanisa okungandile kwalezi zinyoni. Kepha ngokufika kwamakholoniyali aseYurophu, kuningi okushintshile - baletha izidlova eziqhingini zaseNew Zealand, ezaqala ukwehlisa ngokushesha inani lezinyoni. Ukuzifihla "nokuqandisa" akuzange kubasindise kubo - okuwukuphela kwezinqubo zokuvikela ezaziphethwe yi-kakapo.
Izidlakela ezadiliza inani lamapholi:
- amakati;
- ukuqeda;
- izinja;
- amagundane - bacekela phansi imikhuba yekakapo babulala namachwane.
Amakati nama-ermine anuka izinyoni, ngakho-ke ukufihla akuzange kusindise amaphara. Ngo-1999, ikakhulu ngenxa yalezi zidliwayo, abesifazane abangama-26 kuphela nabesilisa abangama-36 balezi zopholi abasala eziqhingini.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kakapo eNew Zealand
IKakapo ibhalwe kuRed Book, ngoba la mapholi asengcupheni yokuqothulwa - asele ayi-150 kuphela, yize kungakadluli kakhulu ukuba iziqhingi zaseNew Zealand zigcwele abantu abaningi. Ngaphambi kokuthuthuka kweziqhingi ngabantu baseYurophu, amapholi ayengasekho engcupheni yokuqothulwa. AmaMaori, abantu bomdabu baseNew Zealand, bazizingela lezi zinyoni, kodwa baziphatha ngenhlonipho, futhi ukuqapha nokushesha kwe-kakapo kuzivumele ukuba zibalekele noma ngubani ozilandelayo.
Ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseYurophu, amakakapo abhekana nolunye usongo oluvela kumaMaori asathuthuka - ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezintsha zokutshala umhlaba, abantu baqala ukugawula ihlathi ngokuhlwanyela ubhatata, okuthinta inani lamapholi.
Kepha ososayensi bakhomba izizathu eziyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi inani labantu laqala ukwehla kakhulu:
- ukuvela kwabaseYurophu. Baqala ukuzingela okusebenzayo kwezinyoni ezingaphandle. Inyama yeKakapo yayithandwa, kanye nezinyoni uqobo njengezindebe ezibukhoma, ezazithengiswa ngokuhlala ezindlini. Vele, ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele nethuba lokukhiqiza kabusha, ama-kakapos abhubha;
- kanye nabaseYurophu, kwafika iziqhingi eziqhingini - amagundane, izinja, amakati, ama-martens. Zonke zinciphise kakhulu inani labantu be-kakapo, ebingakwazi ukufihla kulabo abadla ubusuku beshesha;
- ukuzalanisa okungajwayelekile. Amasiko amaningi, angavamile ngokwedlulele, awalinyusi inani labantu. Kwesinye isikhathi inkathi yokuzalisana kwekakapo ayiwi ngisho kanye ngonyaka, okuthinta kakhulu inani lezinyoni.
UKakapo unogada
Isithombe: UKakapo ovela kwiRed Book
Njengoba ama-kakapos kunzima ukufuya ekuthunjweni, yonke imisebenzi yokongiwa kwemvelo ihloselwe ukuvikela izinyoni emvelweni.
Ukuze amapholi abeke amaqanda, angalahlekelwa yinzalo yawo futhi angafi wona, abantu banikela ngezindlela zokuphepha ezilandelayo:
- ukubhubhisa amagundane, ama-ermine nezinye izidalwa ezizingela ama-kakapos, ahlasele ama-clutches futhi abhubhise amatshwele;
- hlinzeka izinyoni ngokudla okwengeziwe ukuze izinyoni zichithe isikhathi esincane zifuna ukudla futhi kaningi zihlela imidlalo yokukhwelana, zinakekele kakhulu inzalo futhi zilambe kancane. Lapho zisuthi, abesifazane bazalela amaqanda amaningi;
- Njengoba i-kakapo iyipholi efundwe kancane, ososayensi baqala ukuzala ekuthunjweni izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu ze-kakapo - i-kaku esenyakatho naseningizimu ne-kea, ukuze bazi indlela yabo yokuphila nokuziphatha. Lokhu kuzokusiza uqonde ukuthi yini enomthelela ekuzalelaneni kahle kwe-kakapo.
Kodwa-ke, amathuba okubuyiswa kwabantu mancane kakhulu, opholi bakhiqiza kancane futhi ngokungathandi. IKakapo ukuphela kwommeleli wamapholi wesikhova, ngakho-ke ayikho indlela yokuwela i-kakapo nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ukuze igcinwe okungenani ngokwengxenye.
Ngakho-ke, sahlangana nekakapo - upholi oyingqayizivele nobungane ovela eNew Zealand. Ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo zopholi ngezindlela eziningi: ukungakwazi ukundiza isikhathi eside, indlela yokuphila yasemhlabeni, imidlalo emide yokukhwelana nokukhohliseka kalula. Kuyathenjwa ukuthi inani labantu kakapo izolulama unyaka nonyaka, futhi akukho lutho oluzosongela izinombolo zayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12.07.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/24/2019 ngo-22: 21
