Abantu abaningi bajwayelene nenhlanzi eyaziwa njenge-tench. I-Tench - uhlobo olushelelayo, okungelula ukulubamba ezandleni zakho, kepha abadobi bayajabula kakhulu lapho bexhunywa, ngoba inyama ye-tench ayiyona eyokudla kuphela, kodwa futhi iyinambitheka kakhulu. Cishe wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukuvela kwe-tench, kodwa bambalwa abantu abacabanga ngokuphila kwayo. Ake sizame ukuqonda imikhuba yakhe yezinhlanzi, uphawu lwesimo nesimo sakhe, kanye nokuthola ukuthi ukhetha ukuhlala kuphi nokuthi uzizwa ekhululekile kuphi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Lin
I-Tench wuhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezenziwe nge-ray ezomndeni we-carp nokuhleleka kwe-carps. Kuyilungu elilodwa kuphela lohlobo lwegama elifanayo (iTinca). Kusuka egameni lomndeni wezinhlanzi, kusobala ukuthi i-carp yisihlobo esiseduze kakhulu se-tench, yize ngokubukeka ungeke ukusho ngokushesha lokho, ngoba ekuboneni kokuqala akukho ukufana. Isikali semikroskopu esinombala wegolide nomnqumo kanye nongqimba oluhlaba umxhwele lwamafinyila asimbozayo yizici ezivelele ze-tench.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Emgqeni okhishwe emanzini, amafinyila ayoma ngokushesha bese eqala ukuwa abe yizicucu eziphelele, kubonakala sengathi inhlanzi iyancibilika, ichitha isikhumba. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenxa yalokhu abambiza kanjalo.
Kukhona okunye ukucabanga ngegama lezinhlanzi elichaza indlela yakhe yokuphila. Inhlanzi ayisebenzi futhi ayisebenzi, ngakho-ke abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi igama layo lihlotshaniswa negama elithi "ubuvila", okwathi kamuva lathola umsindo omusha njengo "tench".
Ividiyo: Lin
Ezimweni zemvelo, i-tench ayihlukaniswanga ngezinhlobo ezihlukene, kepha kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo abantu abazikhulise ngokwazo, lena yi-tench yegolide neKolsdorf. Owokuqala muhle kakhulu futhi ufana nenhlanzi yegolide, ngakho-ke ivame ukugcwala emachibini okuhlobisa. Eyesibili ngaphandle iyafana nolayini ojwayelekile, kepha ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi inobukhulu obukhulu (inhlanzi enesisindo esisodwa nesigamu ibhekwa njengejwayelekile).
Ngokuqondene ne-tench ejwayelekile, eyenziwe yimvelo uqobo, ingafinyelela nosayizi obabazekayo, ifinyelele kuma-70 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esifinyelela ku-7.5 kg. Izibonelo ezinjalo azivamile, ngakho-ke ubude besilinganiso somzimba wezinhlanzi buhluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-40. Ezweni lethu, abadobi bavame ukubamba umugqa onesisindo esisuka ku-150 kuye ku-700 amagremu.
Abanye bahlukanisa ulayini maqondana nemizimba yamanzi lapho behlala khona, begqamisa:
- ulayini we-lacustrine, obhekwa njengowukhulu kunawo wonke futhi onamandla kakhulu, uyathandwa ngamachibi amakhulu nezindawo zamachibi;
- umfula i-tench, ohlukile kunowokuqala ngosayizi omncane, umlomo wenhlanzi uphakanyiselwa phezulu, uhlala emanzini namachibi omfula;
- i-pond tench, ebuye ibe ncane kune-tench echibini futhi ihlala ngokuphelele amadamu emvelo amile namachibi okufakelwa;
- i-tench dwarf, ehlala ezinqolobaneni ezigciniwe, ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bayo abudluli ngamasentimitha ayishumi nambili ngobude, kepha yikhona okuvame kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Fish tench
Umthethosisekelo we-tench unamandla impela, umzimba wayo uphakeme futhi ucindezelwe kancane ezinhlangothini. Isikhumba se-tench siminyene kakhulu futhi simbozwe izikali ezincane kangangoba sibukeka njengesikhumba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Umbala wesikhumba ubonakala uluhlaza noma womnqumo, kepha lo muzwa wenziwa ungqimba olujiyile lwamafinyila. Uma uyihluba, uyabona ukuthi ithoni ephuzi enemibala ehlukahlukene iyanqoba. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, umbala we-tench ungahluka kusuka kokukhanyayo okuphuzi-beige ngokuluhlaza okuthile kucishe kube mnyama. Lapho ngezansi kunesihlabathi, futhi umbala wenhlanzi ufana nayo - ilula, nasemachibini lapho kunosilika omningi khona ne-peat, i-tench inombala omnyama, konke lokhu kuyisiza ukuba ifihle.
UTench uyashelela ngesizathu, amafinyila ukuzivikela kwawo kwemvelo, okusindisa ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezingayithandi inhlanzi eshelelayo. Ukuba khona kwe-mucus kusiza i-tench ukuvimbela indlala ye-oxygen ngesikhathi sokushisa kwehlobo okungabekezeleleki, lapho amanzi eshisa kakhulu futhi kungekho-oxygen eyanele kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mucus inezinto zokuphulukisa, isenzo sayo sifana nesama-antibiotic, ngakho-ke imigqa ayivamile ukugula.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kutholwe ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zibhukuda ziye kwi-tench, njengodokotela, uma zigula. Zisondela kulayini bese ziqala ukuzihlikihla ezinhlangothini zakhe ezishelelayo. Isibonelo, ama-pikes agulayo enza lokhu, ngezikhathi ezinjalo abacabangi ngisho nokudla okulula.
Amaphiko ezinhlanzi anesimilo esifushane, abukeka awugqinsi omncane futhi umbala wawo umnyama kakhulu kunethoshi lonke, kwabanye abantu acishe abe mnyama. I-fin ye-caudal ayinayo i-notch, ngakho-ke icishe iqonde. Inhloko yezinhlanzi ayihlukile ngosayizi omkhulu. I-Lin ingabizwa ngokuthi i-fat-lipped, umlomo wayo ulula kunombala wazo zonke izikali. Amazinyo ezinhlanzi pharyngeal ahlelwe emugqeni owodwa futhi anemikhawulo egobile. Izimpondo ezincane ezijiyile azigcizeleli ukuqina kwayo kuphela, kepha nezibopho zomndeni ne-carp. Amehlo we-tench abomvu, amancane futhi ajulile. Abesilisa bangahlukaniswa kalula kwabesifazane ngoba banamaphiko okhalweni amakhulu nakhulu. Futhi, abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane, ngoba ikhule kancane kancane.
Ihlala kuphi i-tench?
Isithombe: Lin emanzini
Ensimini yezwe lethu, i-tench yabhaliswa kuyo yonke ingxenye yayo yaseYurophu, ingena kancane ezindaweni zase-Asia.
Ungu-thermophilic, ngakho-ke uthanda amachibi olwandle alandelayo:
- ICaspian;
- Mnyama;
- U-Azovsky;
- IsiBaltic.
Ububanzi bayo buhlala esikhaleni samachibi e-Urals kuya eLake Baikal. Akuvamile, kepha i-tench ingatholakala emifuleni efana ne-Angara, Yenisei ne-Ob. Izinhlanzi zihlala e-Europe nase-Asia latitudes, lapho kunesimo sezulu esipholile khona. Okokuqala, i-tench ithanda izinhlelo zamanzi ezimile ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele.
Ezindaweni ezinjalo, ungumhlali unomphela:
- amatheku;
- amadamu;
- amachibi;
- amachibi;
- amapayipi ngokugeleza okubuthakathaka.
U-Lin uzama ukugwema izindawo zamanzi ngamanzi abandayo kanye nemisinga esheshayo, ngakho-ke ngeke umthole emifuleni enezintaba ezinesiyaluyalu. I-tench ikhululekile futhi ikhululekile lapho kukhula khona umhlanga nomhlanga, izinkuni ezikhukhulayo phansi odakeni, kunamachibi amaningi athule afudunyezwa yimisebe yelanga, egcwele ubulembu obuhlukahlukene. Imvamisa, inhlanzi iya ekujuleni okugcwele ngokweqile, ihlala eduze namabhange amakhulu.
Ubuningi bodaka lwe-tench bungesinye sezimo ezinhle kakhulu, ngoba uzitholela ukudla kuwo. Lokhu amadevu kubhekwa njengokuhlala phansi, ukuphila kwakhe konke endaweni ekhethiwe. U-Lin ukhetha ukuhlala ngokuzilibazisa nokufihlekile ekujuleni kodaka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo, amanzi anosawoti kanye ne-asidi ephezulu ye-tench akukubi, ngakho-ke kungazivumelanisa kalula namanzi anamanzi futhi kuhlale emachibini asezikhukhuleni, lapho amanzi olwandle anosawoti efinyelela khona.
Manje uyazi ukuthi inhlanzi ye-tench itholakala kuphi. Ake sithole ukuthi ungamondla kanjani.
Kudlani i-tench?
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ze-Tench ngaphansi kwamanzi
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, imenyu ye-tench iqukethe ama-invertebrate ahlala phansi enodaka echibini.
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi kuhluke kakhulu, i-tench ayikuphikisi ukuba nesidlwana:
- umbungu wegazi;
- ama-crustaceans;
- amabhungane amanzi;
- izinambuzane;
- amabhungane okuntywila;
- gazinga lezinye izinhlanzi;
- phytoplankton;
- izimbaza;
- izimbungulu zamanzi;
- zonke izinhlobo zezibungu (ikakhulukazi omiyane).
Ngaphezu kokudla kwezilwane, i-tench ibuye idle ukudla kwezitshalo ngenjabulo: izinhlobonhlobo ze-algae, amahlumela we-sedge, umhlanga, i-cattail, iziqu zeminduze yamanzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ekudleni, i-tench ayinantobeko, ayinayo imilutha yokudla ekhethekile (ikakhulukazi yonyaka), ngakho-ke ithatha lokho ekuthola ngaphansi kwamaphiko.
Izindawo ezisezansi ezinendawo enodaka noma i-peat kanye namahlathi ezimila ngaphansi kwamanzi zikhethwa njengezindawo zokudla izinhlanzi. Ukuthola ukudla, i-tench ngokoqobo kufanele imbe, idwengule phansi, okuvusa ukuvela kwamabhulebhu womoya ebusweni bamanzi, okunikeza indawo yethenti. Isikhathi sokondla umugqa ekuseni kakhulu noma ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa. Emini, ngokukhanya kwelanga okuningi, inhlanzi ayifuni ukondla. Ebusuku, i-tench ayondli, kepha ilala ezindaweni eziphansi. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ekwindla, izinhlanzi zidla kancane kakhulu futhi zondla kancane, kancane kancane zilungiselela ubusika, lapho ukondla kumisa ngokuphelele.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Golden Line
I-tench, ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo ze-cyprinid, ibonakala ngokuhamba kancane, ukuvilapha, ukunensa. U-Lin uqikelela kakhulu, unamahloni, ngakho-ke kungaba nzima ukumbamba. Ngemuva kokuxhunywa kwi-hook, impilo yakhe yonke iyashintsha: uqala ukukhombisa ulaka, ukusebenzisa amasu, uphonsa wonke amandla akhe ekumelaneni futhi angaphuka kalula (ikakhulukazi isampuli esindayo). Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba lapho ufuna ukuphila, awuzisongeli kanjalo.
U-Lin, njengemvukuzane, ugwema ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo, akathandi ukuphuma angene ekukhanyeni, agcine ezindaweni ezifihlekile, ezinomthunzi, ezinamanzi ngokujula. Abantu abavuthiwe bakhetha ukuhlala bodwa bodwa, kepha izilwane ezincane zivame ukuhlangana ezikoleni zezinhlanzi ezinhlanu kuya kwezingu-15. I-tench ibuye ibheke ukudla kusihlwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngaphandle kokuthi i-tench ayisebenzi futhi ayisebenzi, yenza ukufuduka kokudla cishe nsuku zonke, isuke endaweni esogwini iye ekujuleni, bese ibuyela ogwini. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, angabheka nendawo entsha yokuzala.
Ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, imigqa ingena odakeni futhi iwele opopayi noma i-hibernation emisiwe, ephela ngokufika kwezinsuku zentwasahlobo, lapho ikholamu lamanzi liqala ukufudumala lifike kuma-degree amane ngesibonakaliso sokuhlanganisa. Njengoba sezivukile, imigqa igijimela eduze nogu, igcwele kakhulu izimila zasemanzini, eziqala ukuqinisa ngemuva kokudla okude ebusika. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi lapho kushisa kakhulu inhlanzi iba ne-lethargic bese izama ukuhlala isondele ezansi, lapho ipholile khona. Lapho kusondela ikwindla futhi amanzi eqala ukuphola kancane, i-tench isebenza kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umhlambi wolayini
Njengoba sekushiwo, imigqa yabantu abadala yokuphila ngokuhlanganyela, bakhetha ukuhlala bodwa ekujuleni okumnyama. Intsha engenalwazi kuphela eyakha imihlambi emincane. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-tench i-thermophilic, ngakho-ke, izala kuphela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Lapho amanzi esevele afudunyezwe kahle (kusuka kuma-degree angama-17 kuye kwangama-20). Imigqa evuthiwe ngokocansi isondela eminyakeni emithathu noma emine ubudala, lapho iba nesisindo esisuka ku-200 kuye ku-400 amagremu.
Ngezindawo zabo zokuzala, izinhlanzi zikhetha izindawo ezinamanzi angajulile agcwele zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo futhi ashaywa ngumoya. Inqubo yokuzalela yenzeka ngezigaba eziningana, izikhawu phakathi kwazo ezingafika kumaviki amabili. Amaqanda abekwa ngokujule, imvamisa angaphansi kokujula kwemitha, azinamathisela emagatsheni ezihlahla nasezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene zamanzi ezehliselwa emanzini.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Imigqa ivundile kakhulu, owesifazane oyedwa angakhiqiza amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuye kwezingama-600, isikhathi sokufukamela esihluka kusuka emahoreni angama-70 kuye kwangama-75 kuphela.
Amaqanda e-tench awakhulu kakhulu futhi anombala ohlaza okotshani. Amafry achanyuselwe, angaba ngu-3 mm ubude, awushiyi indawo yawo yokuzalwa izinsuku ezimbalwa, aqiniswa izakhamzimba ezisele esikhwameni se-yolk. Bese bethatha uhambo oluzimele, behlangana emhlambini. Ukudla kwabo kuqala kuqukethe i-zooplankton ne-algae, bese kuvela ama-invertebrate angama-benthic kuwo.
Izinhlanzi ezincane zikhula kancane, ngonyaka owodwa ubudala, ubude bazo bungu-3 - 4 cm.Ngemuva konyaka, ziyaphindeka kabili futhi ezineminyaka emihlanu kuphela ubude bazo bufinyelela uphawu lwamasentimitha angamashumi amabili. Kutholakale ukuthi ukuthuthuka nokukhula kolayini kuyaqhubeka iminyaka eyisikhombisa, futhi bahlala kusuka ku-12 kuye ku-16.
Izitha zemvelo ezihambisanayo
Isithombe: Fish tench
Ngokumangazayo, inhlanzi enokuthula neyesabekayo njenge-tench ayinazo izitha eziningi ezimeni zazo zasendle zemvelo. Inhlanzi ikweleta lokhu ngenxa yamafinyila ayo ayingqayizivele amboze umzimba. Izinhlanzi ezidliwayo nezilwane ezincelisayo, ezithanda ukudla nezinhlanzi, ziphakamisa amakhala azo ku-tench, okungavuseleli isifiso sazo sokudla ngenxa yocwecwe oluminyene lwamafinyila angathandeki, nawo anephunga lawo elithile.
Imvamisa, i-caviar ebuswayo kanye nefry engenalwazi ihlupheka kakhulu. I-tench ayiyigadi imivimbo yayo, futhi gazinga kusengozini enkulu, ngakho-ke, zombili izinhlanzi ezincane namaqanda kudliwa ngenjabulo izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene (ama-pike, ama-perches) nezilwane (ama-otter, ama-muskrats), nezinyoni zasemanzini azikuthandi ukukudla. Izinhlekelele zemvelo nazo kufanele zisolwe ngokufa kwenani elikhulu lamaqanda, lapho uzamcolo uphela nezinga lamanzi lehla kakhulu, khona-ke amaqanda asemanzini angajulile avele ome.
Umuntu angabizwa futhi ngokuthi isitha se-tench, ikakhulukazi lowo ophethe ngobuciko induku yokudoba. Ukudoba i-tench kuvame ukuqala ngaphambi kokuzala. Ama-Anglers asebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zezithiyo zobuqili nezithiyelo, ngoba i-tench ixwaya kakhulu konke okusha. I-tench ebanjiwe inezinzuzo eziningi: okokuqala, iyinyama kakhulu, okwesibili, inyama yayo imnandi kakhulu futhi iyindlela yokudla, kanti okwesithathu, asikho isidingo sokuhlanza izikali, ngakho-ke akukude kangako ukuthi ungcolise ngayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Lin
Kubukhulu beYurophu, indawo yokuhlala i-tench inkulu kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma ngabantu bomugqa wonkana, khona-ke kungaphawulwa ukuthi izinombolo zayo azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa, kepha kunezici eziningi ezingezinhle ze-anthropogenic ezithinta kabi. Okokuqala, lokhu ukuwohloka kwesimo semvelo kulawo madamu lapho i-tench ibhaliswe khona. Lokhu kungumphumela wokuxhamazela kwemisebenzi yabantu kwezomnotho.
Ukufa kwenqwaba ye-tench kuyabonakala ebusika, lapho kukhona ukwehla okucijile ezingeni lamanzi emadamini, lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinhlanzi ezifihla ubusika zimane zifrize eqhweni, azinayo indawo eyanele yokujikijela udaka kanye nobusika ngaphezulu. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kuyachuma endaweni yezwe lethu ngale kwe-Urals, ngenxa yokuthi inani labantu abahlala lapho liye lehla kakhulu.
Zonke lezi zenzo zabantu ziholele ekutheni kwezinye izifunda, zombuso wethu nakwamanye amazwe, i-tench yaqala ukunyamalala futhi yabangela ukukhathazeka ngezinhlangano zezemvelo, ngakho-ke yafakwa kwiRed Data Books yalezi zindawo. Nakulokhu futhi, kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi isimo esinjalo sithuthuke ezindaweni ezithile kuphela, hhayi yonke indawo, ngokujwayelekile, i-tench ixazululwe kabanzi futhi nenombolo yayo isezingeni elifanele, ngaphandle kokubangela ukwesaba, okungenakukuthokozisa kuphela. Kuyathenjwa ukuthi lokhu kuzoqhubeka ngokuzayo.
Unogada wolayini
Isithombe: Lin ovela encwadini ebomvu
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, inani le-tench kwezinye izifunda lehliswe kakhulu ngenxa yezenzo zomuntu ezinonya, ngakho-ke le nhlanzi ethokozisayo kwakufanele ifakwe ku-Red Data Books yezifunda ngazinye. ITench ibhalwe kuRed Book of Moscow njengezilwane ezisengozini kule ndawo. Izici ezikhawulela kakhulu lapha ukukhishwa kwendle engcolile eMfuleni iMoskva, ukuhlangana kogu, inqwaba yezindawo ezintantayo ezihamba ngezimoto eziphazamisa izinhlanzi ezinamahloni, ukukhula kwenani labantu abalele e-Amur, elondla amaqanda ancibilikile nefry.
Empumalanga yeSiberia, i-tench nayo ibhekwa njengeyivelakancane, ikakhulukazi emanzini eChibi iBaikal. Ukukhula kokuzingelwa ngokungekho emthethweni kwaholela kulokhu, ngakho-ke i-tench iseRed Book yaseBuryatia. I-Tench ibhekwa njengengavamile esifundeni saseYaroslavl ngenxa yokushoda kwezindawo ezicashile, ezigcwele izimila zasemanzini, lapho angazala khona ngokuthula. Ngenxa yalokho, ubhalwe encwadini ebomvu ye-Yaroslavl Region. Esifundeni sase-Irkutsk, i-tench nayo ibhalwe kuRed Book esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Ngaphezu kwezwe lethu, i-tench ingaphansi kokuvikelwa eJalimane, ngobaisibalo sayo lapho sincane kakhulu.
Ukuze kulondolozwe lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi, kunconywa izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuzivikela:
- ukuqapha njalo isimo sabantu abaziwayo;
- ukulawula izindawo zobusika nokuzala;
- ukulondolozwa kwezindawo zemvelo ezisogwini emadolobheni;
- ukususwa kwemfucumfucu kanye nokungcola okwenziwe ngabantu kwezindawo zokuzalela nobusika;
- ukusungulwa kokuvinjelwa kokudoba ngesikhathi sokuzala;
- izinhlawulo ezinzima zokuzingela ngokungemthetho.
Ekugcineni, ngithanda ukufaka okungejwayelekile ngosayizi wayo wesilayidi nosayizi i-tench, wembulelwa abaningi abavela ezinhlangothini ezehlukene, ngoba imikhuba yakhe nezimilo zakhe kwahlaziywa, okwatholakala ukuthi kunokuthula okukhulu, ukuhlala phansi nokungatatazeli. Ukubukeka kwe-tench enhle akunakudidaniswa nokunye, ngoba ingeyokuqala futhi ihluke kakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 02.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 23.09.2019 ngo-22: 47
