Ama-lovebirds ama-parrot bathole igama labo lothando ngenxa yesisa nokuzinikela okweqile komunye nomunye. Endle, lezi zinyoni zihlala zithembekile kozakwabo kuze kube sekufeni kwazo. Izinyoni zaziwa ngemibala yazo ethandekayo, imvelo yothando, nemibhangqwana eqinile eyodwa. Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zalezi zinyoni. Abayisishiyagalombili babo bangabokudabuka ezwekazini i-Afrika kanti oyedwa udabuka eMadagascar. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhiqizwa ekuthunjweni futhi zigcinwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ama-Lovebirds Parrot
Enye yemibuzo eyimpikiswano enkulu phakathi kososayensi abafunda ngokuvela kwezinyoni yiyona ncazelo ngqo yokuthi izinyoni zanamuhla (ama-neorniths) zaqala nini ukuvela. Lokhu kungenxa yezingxabano phakathi kwendlela yokuqopha imivubukulo nokujola kwamangqamuzana. Ukushoda kopholi emithonjeni yezinsalela, noma kunjalo, kuletha ubunzima, futhi manje sekukhona inani elikhulu lezinsalela ezivela eningizimu yezwe ekuqaleni kweCenozoic.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ucwaningo lwamaMolekyuli lukhombisa ukuthi opholi bavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-59 eyedlule (ibanga 66-51) eGondwana. Amaqembu amakhulu amathathu opholi be-neotropical cishe aneminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-50 ubudala (ibanga lezigidi ezingama-57-41).
Ucezu olulodwa lwe-15 mm olutholwe entweni eNiobrer lwaluthathwa njengokhokho wamandulo wamapholi. Kodwa-ke, olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi le fossil ayiveli enyonini. Kwamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi amaPsittaciformes ayekhona ngesikhathi sePaleogene. Cishe kwakuyizinyoni ezi-arboreal, futhi zazingenayo imilomo ekhethekile yokuchoboza etholakala ezinhlotsheni zesimanje.
Ividiyo: Ama-Lovebirds Parrots
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-genomic kunikeza ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi amapholi ayiqembu elihlanganayo elinabantu abadlulayo. Izinsalela zokuqala ezingenakuphikwa zopholi zivela e-Eocene eshisayo. Ukhokho wokuqala watholakala ekwakhekeni kokuqala kwe-Eocene eDenmark futhi wayeneminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-54 edlule. Yaqanjwa ngokuthi iPsittaciformes. Kutholakale amathambo amaningana aphelele afana nopholi eNgilandi, eJalimane. Lokhu mhlawumbe akuzona izinsalela zesikhashana eziphakathi kopholi bokhokho nabanamuhla, kepha kunalokho yimigqa ekhule ngokufana nopholi nama-cockatoo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: ama-lovebirds ama-parrot emvelweni
Izinyoni zothando zinemibala egqamile nezinyoni ezincane uma kuqhathaniswa. Abesifazane nabesilisa bayafana ngokubukeka. Ubude babantu buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-12.7 kuye ku-17 cm, amaphiko afinyelela ku-24 cm, kanti iphiko elilodwa liyi-9 cm ubude, linesisindo esisuka ku-42 kuye ku-58 g. Ziphakathi kopholi abancane kunabo bonke, ababonakala ngomthethosisekelo we-squat, umsila omfishane obuthuntu uqhwaku olukhulu, olubukhali. Amehlo ezinye izinhlobo azungezwe yindandatho emhlophe ebahlukanisa nesizinda esikhanyayo.
Iris imnyama nsundu, uqhwaku lubomvu ngokusawolintshi ngokubomvu, luphela ngomugqa omhlophe eduze kwamakhala. Ubuso bunombala osawolintshi, ojika uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ube nsundu ngemuva kwekhanda. Izihlathi zinombala o-orenji omnyama, umbala uba lula ekukhanyeni bese uphuzi esiswini. Umzimba osele uluhlaza ngokugqamile. Izimpiko zinomthunzi omnyama ngokuluhlaza uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba. Umsila umise okonjiwe futhi uluhlaza ikakhulukazi, ngaphandle kwezimpaphe ezithile eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imilenze impunga ngokukhanyayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinhlobo eziningi zezimpaphe ezinemibala zatholakala ngokuzalaniswa kokukhetha kwezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu embonini yezinkukhu.
Izinyoni zothando ezingavuthiwe zinephethini yombala efanayo neyabantu abadala, kepha izimpaphe zazo azikhanyi kangako, izinyoni ezisencane zinezimpaphe ezimpunga futhi ezingaconsi phansi uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala. Amachwane nawo anombala omnyama ezansi kwe-mandible yawo. Njengoba zikhula, imibala yezimpaphe zazo iyalola, futhi umbala emihlathini engezansi uya ngokuya unyamalala uze unyamalale ngokuphelele.
Zihlalaphi izinyoni zothando?
Isithombe: Izipholi ze-Lovebird e-Afrika
Upholi wenyoni yothando utholakala endle ikakhulukazi e-tropical Africa naseMadagascar. Kodwa-ke, azikho kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile zeSahel neKalahari, kanye nengxenye enkulu yeNingizimu Afrika.
Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zale nyoni:
- i-collar lovebird, ebizwa ngokwesayensi A. swindernianus, isakazeke e-equatorial Africa;
- i-mask birdbird I-personatus izalwa eTanzania;
- Inyoni yothando kaLiliana (Agapornis lilianae) igcwele empumalanga ye-Afrika kuphela;
- I-birdbird enamahlathi abomvana (A. roseicollis) itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika. Bahlala ekhoneni elisenyakatho nentshonalanga yeNingizimu Afrika, ngaphesheya kwengxenye esentshonalanga yeNamibia nasekhoneni eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Angola. Indawo ezungeze iLake Ngami ikhethwe ngokushesha ngu-A. roseicollis ngenxa yokwanda kwemvelo kobubanzi bayo;
- Inyoni yothando kaFischer (A. fischeri) ihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka ku-1100 kuya ku-2000 m. Itholakala eTanzania, enkabeni ye-Afrika esempumalanga. Futhi badumile eRwanda naseBurundi. Imvamisa zingabonakala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho neTanzania - iNzege neSingide, iSerengeti, i-Arusha National Park, emaphethelweni aseningizimu yeLake Victoria naseziQhingini zase-Ukereve eLake Victoria;
- inyoni yothando enesihlathi esimnyama (A. nigrigenis) inebanga elilinganiselwe eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeZambia;
- inyoni yothando ebhekene nobomvu (A. pullarius) idabuka emazweni amaningi e-Afrika, kubandakanya i-Angola, iCongo, iCameroon, iChad, iGuinea, iTogo, iGabon, iGhana, iGuinea, iMali, iNiger, iKenya, iNigeria, iRwanda, iSudan, iTanzania, iTopiya, kanye E-Uganda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo olwethulwayo eLiberia;
- inyoni yothando enamaphiko amnyama (A. taranta). Indawo yazo yemvelo isukela eningizimu ye-Eritrea iye eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ethiopia, futhi imvamisa zihlala emathafeni aphakeme noma ezindaweni ezinezintaba;
- Inyoni yothando enekhanda elimpunga (A. canus) idabuka esiqhingini saseMadagascar futhi yaziwa nangokuthi yiMadagascar lovebird.
Bahlala ezihlahleni nasehlathini elomile elibuswa izihlahla ezinjengeCommiphora, i-acacia, i-baobab, ne-balanites. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zothando zingahlala ezindaweni ezomile, kepha eduze kwamanzi amile unomphela. Izindawo zokuhlala zezinhlobo ezithile zifaka emaphethelweni ogwadule kanye namahlathi, kanye nezindawo ezinamahlathi amabi uma ngabe izihlahla ezimbalwa ziseduze kwamanzi. Izifunda ezincanyelwayo zivela ezingeni lolwandle ziye ekuphakameni ngaphezu kwe-1500 m.
Zidlani izinyoni zothando?
Isithombe: Ama-Lovebirds Parrot
Zikhetha ukufuna ukudla emhlabathini. Zidla ukudla okuhlukahlukene, zidla kakhulu imbewu, kodwa futhi zidla nezithelo ezinjengamakhiwane amancane. Azihambi, kepha zihamba amabanga amade ukuthola ukudla namanzi lapho zisenkingeni. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, izinyoni zothando zithutheleka ezindaweni zezolimo ziyodla amabele nommbila. Izinyoni zidinga amanzi nsuku zonke. Ngamazinga okushisa aphakeme ngokungajwayelekile, angatholakala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi noma yimuphi umthombo wamanzi lapho izinyoni zingathola uketshezi izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Ekuthunjweni, ukudla okujwayelekile okuyisisekelo kwezinyoni zothando kuyingxube entsha (enezithelo ezomile nemifino) esezingeni eliphakeme, ehlanganisa imbewu, okusanhlamvu namantongomane ahlukahlukene. Ngokufanelekile, ingxube yesisekelo kufanele iqukathe noma ingezwe cishe okungama-30% kwanoma yiluphi udaba lwe-bio / organic (enemibala ngokwemvelo futhi enongiwe futhi akukho zigcini-sivikelo) kanye / noma yiziphi iziphethu zemvelo (ezinemibala ngokwemvelo, ezinamakha nezikheniwe).
Imikhiqizo eyinhloko yenhlanganisela eyisisekelo kufanele ibe:
- okusanhlamvu;
- izithelo;
- imifino;
- ukhula;
- imidumba;
- imifino.
Isilinganiso samaphilisi kokudla okusha kufanele silungiswe ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwama-pellets, okufanele afake i-amaranth, ibhali, i-couscous, ifilakisi, i-oats, ilayisi (i-basmati, irayisi elinsundu, i-jasmine rice), ukolweni, ummbila. Izimbali ezidliwayo ze-carnation, u-anyanisi oluhlaza, i-dandelion, izimbali zezihlahla zezithelo, i-hibiscus, i-honeysuckle, i-lilac, i-pansies, ubhekilanga, i-tulips, i-eucalyptus, i-violets.
Izithelo ezinembewu yazo: zonke izinhlobo zama-aphula, ubhanana, zonke izinhlobo zamajikijolo, zonke izinhlobo zezithelo ezisawolintshi, i-kiwi, imango, amakhabe, amagilebhisi, umpe, upopo, ipentshisi, amapheya, amaplamu, i-carom. Imifino nayo ilungele impilo yezinyoni zothando, kufaka phakathi ama-courgette, imbewu yazo eyosiwe kuhhavini, ama-beet, ama-broccoli, izaqathe, ukhukhamba, yonke iklabishi, ubhontshisi, uphizi, ama-parsnips, wonke upelepele, lonke uhlobo lwethanga, ubhatata, itheniphu, ama-yam, i-zucchini ...
Manje usuyazi ukugcina amapholi we-lovebird ekhaya. Ake sibone ukuthi bahlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Pair of lovebirds zopholi
Izinyoni zothando zindiza ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngokushesha, futhi imisindo evela ezimpikweni zazo iyezwakala ngenkathi indiza. Bayasebenza kakhulu futhi bakhetha ukuhlala emaphaketheni. Ebusuku, izinyoni zothando zihlala ezihlahleni, zihlala emagatsheni noma zibambelele emagatsheni amancane. Kwesinye isikhathi kuvela izingxabano neminye imihlambi ezama ukuthatha indawo yazo ezihlahleni.
Zivame ukufuywa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Izinyoni zibhekwa njengezithandekayo futhi zinothando. Bathanda ukuchitha isikhathi nabanikazi babo futhi badinga ukuxhumana okuvamile. Njengopholi abaningi, izinyoni zothando ziyizinyoni ezihlakaniphile nezinelukuluku lokwazi. Ekuthunjweni, bayathanda ukuhlola indlu futhi baziwa ngokuthola izindlela zokweqa amakheji abo.
Izinyoni zinomlomo oqinile futhi zingahlafuna izinwele nezingubo zabaninizo, kanye nezinkinobho zokugwinya, amawashi nobucwebe. Opholi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, bangahlafuna iphepha bese beluka emisileni yabo ukuze bakhe izidleke. Kucatshangwa ukuthi abesifazane banolaka kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izinyoni zothando azinalo ikhono lokukhuluma, yize kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zezinsikazi ezingafunda amagama ambalwa. Yipholi elincane “izwi” lalo eliphakeme futhi elihoshozelayo, futhi kunzima ukuqonda inkulumo yabo.
Lezi yizinyoni ezinomsindo omkhulu ezenza umsindo omkhulu, ophakeme ongadala ukuphazamiseka komakhelwane. Benza umsindo usuku lonke, kepha ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo zeFischer azizwakali njengezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zothando, kanti ngenkathi zivame ukukhala, hhayi kakhulu njengopholi abakhulu. Izinga labo lomsindo lenyuka kakhulu lapho behlanganyela emidlalweni yangaphambi kokukhwelana.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Izinyoni zopholi bezinyoni zothando
Izinyoni zothando zihlangana impilo yonke. Igama elithi birdbird livela kulezi zibopho ezisondelene. Bathanda ukuxhumana ngokoqobo ngangokunokwenzeka. Bayagonana ngothando balume ngomlomo. Lesi senzo siyefana nokwanga.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezinyonini zothando, akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi umuntu ungowesifazane noma owesilisa. Bobabili abesilisa be-Agapornis babukeka befana futhi ngokuzethemba bahlukaniswa ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kanye nemikhuba yabo yokuhlala. Njengomthetho, abesifazane bahlala nemilenze yabo behlukene kunabesilisa ngoba isinqe sowesifazane sibanzi.
Zakha izidleke emigodini, zakha udoti onolaka. Abesifazane abavamile ukwakha izidleke. Okubalulekile ngamahlumela, izingcezu zamagxolo, izindwani zotshani. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zibamba ukuhambisa izinto ngezindlela ezihlukile: ezinye ngemilomo yazo, ezinye - ngokufaka izimpaphe zomsila, noma ngokufaka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lapho nje izinyoni zothando ziqala ukwakha isidleke sazo, kuqala ukukhwelana. Abesifazane babeka amaqanda ngezinsuku eziyi-3-5. Ngaphambi kokuba amaqanda avele, insikazi ihlala esidlekeni sayo ihlale lapho amahora amaningana. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ngaphandle kwesidleke noma owesilisa, izinyoni zothando zikhiqiza amaqanda.
Ngemuva kokubekwa kweqanda lokuqala, iqanda elisha lizolandela zonke ezinye izinsuku kuze kuphele ukubekwa. Imvamisa kusuka emaqanda ayi-4 kuye kwayi-8 agcinwa ku-clutch. Owesifazane uhlanganyela ekufukameleni. Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu amatshwele azoqhamuka, bese eshiya isidleke ngezinsuku ezingama-42-56, kepha abazali bayaqhubeka nokunakekela inzalo yabo.
Izitha zemvelo zopholi benyoni yothando
Isithombe: Izipholi ze-Lovebirds emvelweni
Izinyoni zothando zisebenzelana nezidlakela ngokuhlasela, okungukuthi, lapho izidalwa zisondela, zisebenzisa uhlobo lwengcindezi engokwengqondo. Ekuqaleni, izinyoni zisukuma ziqonde futhi zikhale kakhulu. Uma umhlaseli esondela, aqala ukushaya ngamandla, agcine imizimba yawo yeluliwe, futhi kancane kancane aqinise ukukhala kwawo, ayilethe ekukhaleni. Izinyoni zothando ziqala ukusondela kumhlaseli, zilingise ukuhlasela.
Uma umhlaseli engahlehli futhi eqhubeka nokuwajaha, opholi bahlasela ngamaqembu amakhulu. Umzingeli omkhulu owaziwayo yi-falcon yaseMedithera (F. biarmicus) nezinye izinyoni ezinkulu ezihlala ebangeni elifanayo. Izidleke ze-Lovebird nazo zivame ukuphangwa yizinkawu nezinyoka. Athatha womabili amaqanda namachwane amancane. Ukuziphatha okuvikelayo kusebenza kahle, kepha hhayi amanqe esundu G. angolensis.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo nobendawo, izinyoni zothando kufanele zilawulwe lapho zihlangana nezinye izinhlobo kanye nohlobo (kungaba amakati, izinja, izilwane ezincelisayo noma ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni). Izinyoni zingaba nolaka kwezinye izinyoni. Izinyoni zothando zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zingakhwelana futhi zikhiqize kokubili inzalo eyinyumba futhi evundile. Lezi zingane zinokuziphatha kwabazali bobabili. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa ukubeka izinyoni zezinhlobo ezifanayo noma ubulili ndawonye.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ama-Lovebirds Parrot
Ubungako bomhlaba wonke bezinyoni zothando abukalwa, kepha izinhlobo kubikwa ukuthi zisatshalaliswa endaweni futhi ngokuvamile ziningi impela. Abantu ngokuvamile bazinzile futhi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi kunokwehla noma izinsongo ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngawo-1970. kube nokuncipha okukhulu enanini lezinyoni zothando zikaFisher, ikakhulu ngenxa yokubanjwa okubanzi kokuhweba kwezinyoni zasendle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hybridization inomthelela omkhulu esimweni sezinhlobo.
Ama-lovebirds ama-parrot azikho engozini. Bonke abantu bayo bazinzile. Inani lezinyoni zothando ezinamahlathi abomvana liyancipha kwezinye izindawo. Kodwa-ke, amanani ayanda kwezinye izindawo ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwemithombo emisha yamanzi nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokufakelwa ezihlinzeka ngezindawo ezintsha zokwakha izidleke ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo lubhekwa njengolungakhathazeki kangako yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature. Uhlobo lwe-Collar ngokwe-IUCN lumakwe njengolunobungozi obuncane kakhulu. Ngenkathi izinyoni zothando zikaLiliana zisengozini ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06/29/2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/23/2019 ngo-22: 20
