UZander kubhekiswa kuzinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe ezinosayizi ophakathi nendawo Ama-Zoologists ababela umndeni we-perch. Laba abamele impilo yasolwandle badotshwa ngezinga lezimboni. Yilolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi oluyisisekelo sokulungiswa kwezitsha eziningi. Laba bameleli bomndeni we-perch bahlala kuyo yonke indawo, basakazeke eRussia, nasezindaweni ezahlukahlukene kakhulu zaseYurophu nase-Asia. Kusatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi emizimbeni yamanzi amasha. Abadobi babamba i-pike perch nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ngaphandle kwezinga lokushisa nezimo zezulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Sudak
I-pike perch ingeka-chordate, evelele ekilasini lezinhlanzi ezenziwe nge-ray, i-oda perch-like, umndeni wama-perches, uhlobo lwe-pike-perch, uhlobo lwe-pike-perch ejwayelekile. Abathandi bezinhlanzi ezisuselwa ku-pike perch abacabangi ukuthi badla omunye wabamele basendulo kakhulu bezitshalo nezilwane ezihlala emhlabeni. Ngokumangazayo, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi okhokho basendulo be-pike perch bavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-25 edlule. Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-4-5 zokugcina zokuphila kwabo, azikashintshi nhlobo ekubukekeni.
Ividiyo: Sudak
Okhokho basendulo be-pike perch yanamuhla babeyizinhlanzi ezihlala ekujuleni kolwandle. Isikhathi sokubonakala kwabo sibizwa ngokuthi yisikhathi se-Oligocene, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-33-23 edlule. Ukuhlolwa okuningi kwe-DNA yezinsalela ezitholakele kwembula ukuthi i-pike perch perch yavela ngesikhathi sePliocene, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-5.5 edlule. ISiberia ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yezinhlanzi zanamuhla.
Ucwaningo oluningi lwenze ukuthi kutholakale ukuthi amakhulu eminyaka wokuziphendukela kwemvelo akanamthelela ekubukekeni kwale nhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, enqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, lolu hlobo lwabamele amanzi angenasawoti lomndeni wamapherki selukhulise kakhulu isifunda salo semvelo. Kusukela eSiberia, i-pike perch isakaze cishe emhlabeni wonke. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zepiki perch. Izinhlobo ezintathu zihlala ensimini yeRussian Federation: ezejwayelekile, iVolga nolwandle.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Pike perch fish
Usayizi we-zander uncike esifundeni ahlala kuso. Ubude bomzimba wepiki perch ngamasentimitha angama-50-70, futhi isisindo saso singama-2-2.3 kilograms. Unesifo somzimba eside, esinde, esicindezelwe kamuva. Isici salolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi yisakhiwo sezinto zomlomo. Izinhlanzi zinamazinyo amade abukhali, afana ne-canine agobeke kancane aya ngaphakathi emlonyeni. Ngosizo lwala mazinyo, i-pike perch ibhoboza isisulu sayo lapho ibanjwa. Kusenamazinyo amaningi amancane phakathi kwama-canines amade. Ukuqhamuka emgodini womlomo kufinyelela ezingeni leso.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kwezinye izifunda, ubude bomzimba wenhlanzi eyodwa budlula imitha, futhi isisindo sayo singaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-15.
Kukhona ama-gill ebusweni bekhanda. Izembozo ze-gill zimbozwe kancane ngezikali. Ama-gill angaba bomvu noma abomvana. Umbala we-gill slits awahlali umfaniswano njalo. Amehlo anezici zokwakheka. Ziqukethe ungqimba olubonakalisayo olunikeza umbono omuhle kakhulu ebusuku. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba esifundeni sekhanda, emuva nasemsileni inombala oluhlaza okotshani, isisu simhlophe qwa. Izikali ziwele ngemigqa emnyama, ecishe ibe mnyama. Amaphiko ngemuva nasemsileni womzimba ahambisana namabala amnyama. Isiphetho sendunu sihlukile kwezinye futhi sinombala ophuzi ngokukhanyayo.
Kukhona amaphiko amabili ngemuva. I-fin etholakala ngemuva kwekhanda inemisebe ebukhali. Ngemuva kwegebe elincane, kunenye ifinal ngemuva, ephakame kancane kuneyokuqala, futhi engenazo izimpaphe ezicijile. Izinhlanzi zamanzi anosawoti zinezici ezihlukile zangaphandle eziqhathaniswa nezamanzi angenasawoti. Banobubanzi beso obubonakalayo obuncane futhi abanazo izikali esifundeni se-buccal. Izinhlanzi ngokwemvelo zinikezwe umuzwa obukhali kakhulu wephunga. Iyakwazi ukuthola izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zephunga, noma ngabe ukude kakhulu.
Manje uyazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlanzi olwandle noma amanzi angenasawoti pike perch. Ake sibone ukuthi i-pike perch ihlala kuphi endaweni yayo yemvelo.
Ihlala kuphi ipiki perch?
Isithombe: I-pike perch ngaphansi kwamanzi
I-pike perch yinto yokudoba esezingeni lezimboni. Isabalele eMpumalanga Yurophu nasezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zeRussian Federation. Ukujula okulungile kakhulu lapho iphekethi ye-pike izizwa ikhululekile ngamamitha amahlanu. Ebusika, lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo, inhlanzi icwila phansi, imbozwe ngamatshe amatshe, futhi ibheke indawo yokukhosela. Imvamisa kusuke kuyisiphunzi, izinkuni zokukhukhuleka, noma ukucindezeleka nje phansi.
Njengesifunda sendawo yokuhlala, izinhlanzi zithanda amanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile ngokwedlulele, noma olwandle anezinga eliphakeme lokugcwaliswa komoya-mpilo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zephekhi le-pike, ngokwesibonelo, uLwandle Olumnyama, oluhlangana kahle, emanzini asolwandle amnandi nasawoti. Kodwa-ke, alukho uhlobo lwazo oluzohlala ezindaweni ezingcolisiwe noma emanzini angenawo umoya-mpilo owenele.
Izifunda ze-Geographic of zander habitat:
- ULwandle Olumnyama;
- Ulwandle iCaspian;
- Ulwandle i-Azov;
- Ulwandle i-Aral;
- Umgodi waseBaltic;
- imifula yaseSiberia;
- amachibi amakhulu aseRussia - iSeliger, iLadoga, i-Onega, i-Ilmen, iKarelia, iLake Peipsi;
- I-Ural;
- amadamu aseMpumalanga Ekude;
- imifula emikhulu yaseRussia - iDon, iVolga, iKuban, i-Oka.
Amachibi amaningi amakhulu eMpumalanga Yurophu, imifula yaseBelarus, i-Ukraine, amadamu amasha ezifunda ezahlukahlukene zase-Asia awahlukile. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala eCanada naseNyakatho Melika. UZander utholakala nakwamanye amachibi eGreat Britain.
I-geography ebanzi yokusatshalaliswa kwempilo yasolwandle kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi esithile abantu bahlala ezinhlanzini ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Isibonelo, ichibi laseMozhaisk, echibini iCherbakul lesifunda saseChelyabinsk, echibini lomsele waseMoscow, echibini laseBalkhash eKazakhstan, e-Issyk-kul eKyrgyzstan, izinhlanzi zitholakala kuphela ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu. I-pike perch iyazithanda kakhulu amadamu anezansi zamatshe, izingxenye ezijulile zemifula namachibi anamanzi ahlanzekile. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi alwenzeki emanzini angajulile.
Idla ngani i-pikeperch?
Isithombe: Zander emanzini
Pike perch kungokwalabo esigabeni izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwabo kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezincane noma ama-crustaceans. Amazinyo e-canine anamandla, agobile ngaphakathi awashiyi thuba. Lapho ithunjwa, ipiki le-pike lenza ukubhoboza okubulalayo emzimbeni wesisulu, namazinyo amancane womlomo womlomo abambe isisulu ngokuqinile, angayivumeli iphume.
Umuzwa ojulile wephunga nokubona okuhle kakhulu kuvumela i-zander ukuthi izingele ngempumelelo futhi ithole isisulu sayo ngisho nasebumnyameni obuphelele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isimo sento yokuzingela sinomzimba omude, ohlangene. Kulesi simo kuphela lapho i-pike-perch izokwazi ukugwinya kalula isisulu.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sokudla sezinhlanzi:
- i-gudgeon;
- phunga;
- ama-gobies;
- ruffs;
- ama-molluscs amancane;
- phunga;
- ama-perches amancane;
- hamsu;
- mfiliba;
- ijubane;
- ama-crustaceans;
- amaxoxo;
- umfula we-lamprey.
UZander uthathwa njengomzingeli onekhono. Usebenzisa amaqhinga akhethekile okuzingela. Akujwayelekile ukuthi alandele isisulu sakhe. Usebenzisa ukulinda abone iqhinga. Imvamisa, umhlaseli uzifihla futhi aqhubeke nokunyakaza kuze kube yilapho isisulu sisendaweni esiseduze naso. Ube esemshaya ngejubane lombani esuka lapho acashe khona. Izilwane ezisencane zingondla hhayi kuphela ngezinhlanzi ezincane kanye nama-molluscs, kepha futhi nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane - ama-bloodworms, izinhlungu, izibungu ezahlukahlukene, njll.
UZander uyisilwane esidla ezinye. Hunt ngenkuthalo kokubili ebusuku nasemini. Lapho esuthi ngokugcwele, ucasha endaweni yokukhosela ekhethiwe bese ephumula ngenkathi kugaywa ukudla. Umzingeli usebenza kakhulu ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo kuze kube phakathi nasekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, udinga ukudla okuningi. Ngesikhathi sensimbi, umsebenzi we-pike perch uyancipha futhi kudla ukudla okuncane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-river fish pike perch
Ngokuvamile, i-pike perch ihlala emhlambini, yize kukhona abantu abangashadile. Inombolo emaphakathi yezinhlanzi esikoleni esisodwa ingama-25-40. Izinhlanzi ezincane zivame ukwakha izikole ezinkulu kakhulu, inani lazo elingafinyelela amakhulu abantu. Umzingeli usebenza kakhulu ebumnyameni, yize nawo ungazingela emini. I-pike perch iyinhlanzi eshesha futhi esheshayo engafinyelela ngejubane elikhulu.
Izinhlanzi zikhetha ukuhlala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-3-5; cishe azenzeki emanzini angajulile. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, zehlela phansi futhi zifune indawo yokukhosela ukuze zilinde isithwathwa namakhaza. Ngaphambi kwalokho, izinhlanzi zihlangana ezikoleni eziningi, kuya ngezigaba zeminyaka. Kodwa-ke, akujwayelekile ngabo ukulala ubusika bonke. Ekhanda lomhlambi onjalo umuntu omkhulu futhi onamandla kunabo bonke. Ekupheleni komhlambi, kunabantu abancane kunabo bonke ubusika obuza kubo okokuqala ezimpilweni zabo. Ngemuva kokuphela kobusika, umhlambi uhlala ndawonye kuze kube ukuqala kokuzalela, bese uhlukana ngamaqembu amancane bese usakazeka ezindaweni ezahlukene.
I-pike perch ivame ukwesaba ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi lapho ilanga liphuma phezulu, izinhlanzi zicasha ezindaweni lapho ilanga eliqondile lingeke zifinyelele khona. Akujwayelekile ukuthi ipiki, njengezinye izinhlanzi, idlale emanzini, ishaye, noma igxume iphume kuyo. Uhola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, nengabonakali. I-pike perch iyazithanda kakhulu izihlahla ezinamahlamvu amaningi awele emanzini. Ziyakugwema ngazo zonke izindlela, futhi cishe azitholakali endaweni yolwandle olunaphansi olunodaka.
Umzingeli udinga isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokuphumula. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuba amahora ambalwa ngosuku. Lapho inhlanzi isigcwele, icasha endaweni yokukhosela ephephile, futhi ichitha amahora amaningi lapho ezindaweni ezifihlekile - ngaphansi kwezingodo, amatshe, njll. IZander ingahamba, ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga elide kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-pike perch ejwayelekile
Isikhathi sokuzalela siqala ngesikhathi lapho amanzi efudumala ngokwanele. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele lifinyelele kuma-9-10 degrees. Ensimini yengxenye eseningizimu yeRussian Federation, isikhathi sokukhwelana somzingeli siwela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli, endaweni yezindikimba zamanzi zaseYurophu, lapho izimo zezulu ezinamandla ziphakathi, noma ziseduze nokuphela kuka-Ephreli, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zokuhlala - ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukuzalela kwenzeka ezindaweni eziyizintandokazi nezaziwayo zepike-perch, imvamisa kakhulu ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-4-6. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, umhlaseli ukhetha izindawo lapho kuthule khona futhi kunokuthula kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, izinhlanzi zihlangana ngamaqembu amancane, aqukethe abesilisa abaningana, kanye nowesifazane oyedwa noma ababili. Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi ithola indawo efanelekayo bese iyayihlanza ngomsila wayo. Futhi, njengendawo yokuphonsa amaqanda ngomsila, umgodi ungenziwa ezansi echibini, elinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-40-60 kanye nokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-10-15.
Ukuzala abesifazane kuyinto ebonakala kuphela ekuseni. Ekuseni ngovivi, insikazi imile mpo, kuthi ikhanda layo lehliswe. I-pike perch ibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezinempilo kakhulu zasolwandle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Owesifazane oyedwa, onesisindo esingu-7-8 kilograms, angabeka ama-1 ml amaqanda.
Amaqanda mancane ngosayizi, awekho ngaphezu kwe-1 millimeter ububanzi futhi aphuzi ngokukhanyayo ngombala. Iduna elikhulu kunawo wonke lomhlambi lilungele ukukhulelwa kwamaqanda abekiwe. Uchelela amaqanda ngobisi ngobuningi. Imisebenzi esemqoka yomuntu wesilisa ayifaki ukukhulelwa kuphela, kepha nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamaqanda. Iduna lesibili ngobukhulu lomhlambi lingaqhamuka njengomqaphi. Akavumeli noma ngubani oseduze kwamatshe futhi afake umoya emanzini. Kuphela lapho amaphuphu ephuma emaqandeni, unogada ushiya umsebenzi wakhe bese uyahamba.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, kudlula cishe izinsuku eziyi-10, futhi kuzalwa izinhlanzi ezincane, ubukhulu bazo abungeqi ku-5-6 mm. Azivumelaniswa nempilo ezimele futhi azikwazi ukuzondla. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5, izinhlanzi zisakazeka ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene bese ziqala ukudla iplankton. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakhiwa amafry kusuka ezibungu, ukubukeka nokuma komzimba okufana nabantu abadala. Izinga lokukhula kwamafry lincike ezimeni zokuphila kanye nomthamo wokuphakelwa kokudla. Ukuthomba kuqala cishe eminyakeni engama-3-4 ubudala. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe se-pike perch yiminyaka eyi-13-17.
Izitha zemvelo ze-walleye
Isithombe: Pike perch fish
Ngaphansi kwendawo yemvelo, i-zander inezitha ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidalwa zasolwandle ezinkudlwana futhi ezisheshayo aziphikisi ukudla abantu abadala hhayi kuphela, kepha futhi zithosa, noma i-caviar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezifundeni zendawo yemvelo, lapho kungekho khona ukudla okwanele, izitha zomzingeli zingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi izimbangi zokudla eziyinhloko - phezulu kanye ne-auhu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezifundeni eziningi lapho kuhlala khona i-pike perch, ayibeki songo esinamandla futhi izinombolo zayo azihlushwa imboni yokudoba, noma ukuhlaselwa yizitha zemvelo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuthi izinhlanzi zigcinwa ezikoleni, okwandisa amathuba okusinda.
Izitha zander endle:
- pike;
- inhlanzi eyikati;
- izinhlobo ezinkulu zembewu;
- osman;
- induna.
Iningi lezitha ezingenhla liyingozi kuphela kubantu abasha noma kumaqanda anamaqanda. ICaviar nayo ingadla izinambuzane zasemanzini, ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kubhujiswa ngesikhathi seziphepho zamanzi, ushintsho olubukhali ezimweni zezulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu nemisebenzi yabo ibalwa phakathi kwezitha zomzingeli. Ubeka ingozi ezinombolweni zezinhlanzi hhayi kuphela njengomdobi, kodwa futhi njengombhubhisi wezinto eziphila emanzini. Imisebenzi yabantu ingcolisa imithombo yamanzi futhi iholele ekufeni kwezinto eziningi zasolwandle.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-pike perch echibini
Abaphenyi bakhomba abantu abaningana. Enye yazo i-pike perch ehlala phansi, ehlala ikakhulukazi endaweni eyodwa. Ijwayele ukushiya izifunda zayo ezijwayelekile uma kwenzeka kungcoliswa amanzi. Kulokhu, inhlanzi ihamba ibanga elide amashumi amaningi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amakhulu amakhilomitha.
Esinye isibalo sabantu abadla ezinye yi-anadromous pike perch. Ihlala emadanyini, emilanjeni yemifula nakweminye imitimba yemanti emanti. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, lesi silwane esidla ezinye sihamba sikhuphuke ngenhla ukuze sizale. Ukufuduka kungenzeka ngaphezulu kwamashumi ambalwa noma ngisho namakhulu amakhilomitha. Ngemuva kwalokho, ubuyela futhi ezindaweni zakhe ezijwayelekile nezintandokazi.
Namuhla, inani lezinhlanzi kwezinye izifunda lehla ngokushesha. Lezi ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zander zasolwandle. Izizathu zokwehla kwesibalo sayo ukungcola kwamanzi, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu, kanye noshintsho olukhulu ezimweni zezulu kwezinye izifunda. Ukuba khona kwalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi kufakazela ubumsulwa bangempela bemvelo echibini.
Ukuvikelwa kwepiki perch
Isithombe: I-Pike perch evela eRed Book
I-sea pike perch, ngokungafani ne-zander yamanzi ahlanzekile, isibalo sabantu esincipha ngokuya ngokuya. Mayelana nalokhu, ifakwe kwiRed Book yase-Ukraine futhi ivikelwe yimithetho neziphathimandla zombuso. Izinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela lezi zinhlobo zifaka phakathi ukunciphisa umthamo wemboni yokudoba ezifundeni lapho inani le-pike perch lehla khona, kanye nokugcina ubumsulwa bemizimba yamanzi nokumisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi.
Ukwephula le mithetho ezifundeni ezithile kuyicala lobugebengu. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bangathola isijeziso sokuphatha, noma isibopho sobugebengu. Ezifundeni lapho kuhlala khona i-pikeperch, iKomidi Lokuvikelwa Kwemvelo lihlala lenza ukuhlolwa ukuhlola izinga lamanzi.
IZander nayo iyisibiliboco esikhulu. Emazweni amaningi omhlaba, ubuciko bangempela bokupheka bulungiswa kuwo.Inyama yalolu hlobo lwenhlanzi inambitheka enhle kakhulu futhi iyagayeka kalula.
UZander inezici zangaphandle ezihlukile ezingakuvumeli ukuthi kudidaniswe nolunye uhlobo lwenhlanzi. Banomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga kanye nesakhiwo esithile sezinsimbi zomlomo, ngenxa yokuthi bathathwa njengabazingeli abanekhono futhi abanobuciko kakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06/30/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/23/2019 ngo-22: 33
