Nakho konke ukubukeka kwayo okubalulekile unobhala wezinyoni kukhombisa ukuthi unesikhundla esihloniphekile nesidingekayo, futhi izingubo zakhe ezimnyama nezimhlophe zifana nendlela yokugqoka yasehhovisi. Le nyoni yase-Afrika edla inyama izuze ukuhlonishwa ngabantu bendawo ngenxa yokuthanda kwayo ukudla, ngoba le nyoni idla izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoka. Ake sibonise lesi silwane esingavamile ngokufunda imikhuba yaso, izici zangaphandle, isimo sazo nezindawo zokuthunyelwa unomphela.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Unobhala Wezinyoni
Inyoni kanobhala ingeyesigaba esime okhozini nomndeni kanobhala wegama elifanayo, okuwukuphela kwaso esimele. Igama lalo libonakala ekubukekeni kwalo okungajwayelekile nemikhuba yalo. Le enezimpaphe iyathanda ukunyathela kancane inyakazise izimpaphe zayo ezimnyama ezitholakala ngemuva kwekhanda, kukhombisa ukubaluleka kwayo nokubaluleka kwayo. Lezi zimpaphe ezimnyama ziyefana kakhulu nezimpaphe zehansi, okuthi, njengoba kwaziwa kusukela emlandweni, omabhalane bezinkantolo bafakwa kuma-wigi abo.
Ividiyo: Unobhala Wezinyoni
Ngaphezu kwezici zayo ezingavamile ezingaphandle, le enezimpaphe yaduma njengombulali wezinyoka ongenakulinganiswa. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu base-Afrika bayihlonipha kakhulu le nyoni engunobhala, futhi isebenza njengomhlobiso wezingubo zamazwe afana neNingizimu Afrika neSudan. Le nyoni iboniswa inamaphiko amakhulu avulekile, okufanekisela ukuvikelwa kwezwe kanye nokuphakama kwabantu base-Afrika ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zabantu abangafuni. Inyoni yokuqala kanobhala ichazwe ngudokotela waseFrance, isazi sezilwane, isazi semvelo uJohann Hermann emuva ngo-1783.
Ngaphezu kukanobhala, le nyoni inezinye iziteketiso:
- umemezeli;
- hypogeron;
- odla izinyoka.
Ubukhulu benyoni kanobhala buhlaba umxhwele kakhulu izinyoni, umzimba wayo ufinyelela ebangeni eliyimitha elilodwa nohhafu, futhi ubukhulu bayo abukhulu kangako - cishe amakhilogremu amane. Kepha amaphiko ayo ayamangalisa - adlula ubude bamamitha amabili.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kukhona enye inguqulo yemvelaphi yegama lenyoni, ehlukile kunaleyo echazwe ngenhla. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi le nyoni yaqanjwa kanjalo ngabakholoni baseFrance, abezwa igama lesi-Arabhu elithi "ukuzingela inyoni", elizwakala njenge "sakr-e-tair" futhi bayibiza ngesiFulentshi "secrétaire", okusho ukuthi "unobhala".
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Unobhala nyoni emvelweni
Inyoni kanobhala yehlukile hhayi kuphela ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu, kodwa futhi ekubukekeni kwayo iyonke, hhayi njenganoma ngubani omunye umuntu. Ngaphandle kokuthi kwesinye isikhathi badidaniswe nezindwandwe noma ama-cranes, bese kuthi, ukude, usondele, abafani nakancane. Umbala wenyoni kanobhala uvinjelwe kakhulu; ngeke uyibone imibala lapha. Amathoni aphethwe mpunga-mhlophe, futhi eduze komsila, iba mnyama ingemuva, iphenduke umthunzi omnyama ngokuphelele. Umbala omnyama uhlobisa amaphiko amakhulu onobhala, futhi ibhulukwe lezimpaphe elimnyama liyabonakala emilenzeni.
Ubukhulu bomzimba onezimpaphe abujwayelekanga neze: ungabona amaphiko amakhulu anamandla futhi made, njengemodeli, imilenze. Ngaphandle kokugijima okwanele, le nyoni ayikwazi ukusuka, ngakho-ke ihamba ngokufanele, ithuthukise isivinini samakhilomitha angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ngehora. Amaphiko osayizi omkhulu kangaka avumela ukukhuphuka buthule ngokuphakama, njengokungathi kubanda kakhulu esikhaleni somoya.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba, ikhanda lalezi zinyoni alilikhulu kakhulu. Indawo ezungeze amehlo inombala osawolintshi, kepha lokhu akubangelwa yizimpaphe, kepha kungenxa yokuthi azikho ngokuphelele kuleyo ndawo, ngakho-ke kubonakala isikhumba esibomvu ngokusawolintshi. Le nyoni inentamo ende, evame ukukhothama ngokubalulekile. Amehlo amakhulu, amahle nomlomo oxhumekile kufakazela ubunjalo bakhe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimpaphe ezinde ezimnyama ku-nape, okuyizimpawu zezinyoni zikanobhala, zingakhaphela abesilisa, ngoba ngesikhathi somshado bakhuliswa bemi mpo.
Imilenze emide nezacile yenyoni kanobhala ineminwe emifushane, enezinzipho eziqinile kakhulu, ezinkulu, ezixegayo. Le enezimpiko isetshenziswa ngempumelelo njengesikhali ekulweni nezinyoka. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izikhali ezinjalo zezinyoni zisebenza ngokungenaphutha, zinika inzuzo enkulu kunezinwabuzelayo.
Ihlala kuphi inyoni kanobhala?
Isithombe: Unobhala wezinyoni ovela eRed Book
Inyoni engunobhala ingeyase-Afrika kuphela; igcwele kuleli zwekazi elishisayo. Ukuhlangana naye, ngaphandle kwe-Afrika, akukho lapho kungenziwa khona. Indawo ehlala le nyoni isuka eSenegal, ifike eSomalia, bese ihlanganisa le ndawo kancane eningizimu, iphetha ngephuzu eliseningizimu - iCape of Good Hope.
Unobhala ugwema amahlathi nezindawo eziwugwadule. Lapha akululanga kuye ukuzingela, ihlathi lisithe ukubukeka okuzungezile konke ukusuka ekuphakameni, futhi inyoni indizela buthule, ihlola indawo ezungezile hhayi nje ukuthola isidlo, kepha nokuvikela indawo yayo yokwakha izidleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyoni idinga isikhala esanele ukuze isuke, ngaphandle kwayo ayikwazi ukusuka, futhi izihlahlana nezihlahla ezisehlathini ziyisithiyo. Onobhala abasithandi isimo sogwadule.
Okokuqala, lezi zinyoni ezinamandla zihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile nasezimfundeni zase-Afrika, lapha izindawo zivumela ukuba zihlakazeke kahle, futhi zisuke, futhi zibheke isimo sasemhlabeni sisuka phezulu, ngobuchule sindiza esibhakabhakeni. Unobhala nyoni uzama ukuziqhelelanisa nezindawo zokuhlala abantu futhi atshala amasimu ezolimo ukuze agweme ukuphanga izidleke, ngoba abantu bendawo bathengisa ngokweba amaqanda ezinyoni ukuze bathole ukudla. Ngakho-ke, inani lalezi zinyoni alitholakali eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu.
Idliwa yini inyoni kanobhala?
Isithombe: Unobhala inyoni nenyoka
Inyoni kanobhala ingabizwa ngokufanele njengesiphepho sazo zonke izinyoka, ngoba ezinwabuzelayo yizibiliboco azithandayo.
Ngaphezu kwezinyoka, imenyu enezimpaphe iqukethe:
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (amagundane, ama-hares, ama-hedgehogs, ama-mongooses, amagundane);
- zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane (ofezela, amabhungane, amantombazane akhulekayo, izicabucabu, izintethe);
- amaqanda ezinyoni;
- amaphuphu;
- izibankwa nezimfudu ezincane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kukhona izinganekwane ngokungagculiseki kwezinyoni zikanobhala. Kunecala elaziwayo lokuthi amapheya amabili ezibankwa, izinyoka ezintathu nezimfudu ezincane ezingama-21 zitholwe ngasikhathi sinye ku-goiter wezinyoni.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inyoni kanobhala isizivumelanise ngokuphelele nempilo yasemhlabeni, ukuzingela ngaphandle kokusuka phansi, kuvela kahle kakhulu. Ngosuku lokufuna ukudla, izinyoni zingahamba amakhilomitha angamashumi amathathu. Amandla okubamba ngisho nezinyoka eziyingozi futhi ezinobuthi akhombisa ubuhlakani obunezimpaphe nesibindi.
Izinyoka, lapho zilwa nenyoni, zizama ukuyilimaza ngobuthi, kepha unobhala uzivikela, elwa nokuhlaselwa yizilwane ezihuquzelayo ngosizo lwamaphiko akhe amakhulu, afana nezihlangu ezinkulu. Impi ingaba yinde impela, kepha, ekugcineni, kuza isikhathi esihle lapho unobhala ecindezela ikhanda lenyoka ngomlenze wakhe oqinile futhi alikhombe khona kanye ekhanda, okuholela ekufeni kwesirhubuluzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngosizo lwemilenze emide nangoqhwaku olunamandla, inyoni kanobhala iwaphula kalula amagobolondo wofudu.
Izinyoni ezingunobhala zinamasu azo okuzingela ukusiza ukuthola izilwane. Ngesikhathi sokujikeleza komhlaba, iqala ukwenza umsindo omkhulu, ishaye amaphiko ayo amakhulu futhi isabise izilwane ezincane. Izinduku zishiya izimbobo zazo ngenxa yokwesaba bese zizama ukubaleka, khona-ke inyoni enobuqili iyazibamba. Le enezimpaphe nayo inganyathela kakhulu kulezo zindawo lapho ibona khona izigaxa ezingavamile, nazo eziqhubela amagundane phezulu.
Ngesikhathi semililo eyenzeka ezindaweni ze-savannah, inyoni kanobhala iyaqhubeka nokuzingela ukudla kwayo. Lapho zonke izilwane zibalekela umlilo, ngezinkani zilinda inyamazane yazo encane ngesimo sezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, esizibamba ngokushesha futhi sizidle. Ngemuva kokundiza phezu komugqa wokudubula, unobhala ubheka izidumbu esezivele zishile emlotheni, abuye alume ngazo.
Manje usukwazi konke mayelana nenyoni kanobhala yokuzingela inyoka. Ake sithole kabanzi ngemikhuba yale nyoni ethokozisayo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Unobhala Wezinyoni
Inyoni kanobhala ichitha isikhathi esiningi ihamba phansi; lapho indiza kungabonakala njalo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sonyaka womshado nowokuzalela. Impukane enezimpaphe inhle kakhulu, kuphela ngaphambi kokuqala kwayo idinga ukusheshisa, futhi ikhula ukuphakama kancane kancane, ngaphandle kokuxhamazela, isakaze amaphiko ayo anamandla. Ngokuvamile obaba abanezimpaphe bandizela phezulu, bavikele izidleke zabo ngaphezulu.
Izinyoni zikanobhala zingabizwa zithembekile futhi zinothando, ngoba zakha izithandani impilo yonke. Isikhathi sokuphila, esilinganiswa ngokwemvelo, cishe siyiminyaka eyi-12. Ezindaweni zokunisela nalapho kunokudla okuningi, onobhala bangakha amaqembu ezinyoni isikhashana. Indlela yokuphila yalezi zinyoni ingabizwa ngokufuduka, ngoba ifuna ukudla zihlala zithuthela ezindaweni ezintsha, kepha njalo zibuyela endaweni yazo yokwakha izidleke.
Izinyoni zizingela phansi, kepha zikhetha ukuphumula nokwakha izidleke ezihlahleni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zinyoni zinobuhlakani obuhle kakhulu, ngoba ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zempango, zinazo zonke izinhlobo zamaqhinga. Ezinye zazo sezivele zichaziwe, kepha kukhona okuningi. Isibonelo, lapho izingela inyoka, ibona inyoni enwabuzelayo, inyoni iqala ukwenza ama-dashes ahlakaniphile ezinhlangothini ezihlukile, ishintsha njalo i-vector yokuhamba kwayo. Ngakho-ke, idukisa inyamazane, inyoka iqala ukuzwa isiyezi kulokhu kugijima, ilahlekelwa ukujwayela futhi ngokushesha iba yisidlo esihle kakhulu.
Endle, unobhala uzama ukugwema ukuxhumana nabantu. Lapho ibona abantu, iyahamba ngokushesha, yenze izinyathelo ezibanzi ezishintsha kahle zigijime, bese inyoni isuka phansi, igijimela phezulu. Izilwane ezisencane zalezi zinyoni zithanjiswa kalula futhi zingahlala ngokuthula nabantu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abantu base-Afrika bazala ngenhloso lezi zinyoni emapulazini abo ukuze onobhala bavikele izinkukhu ezinyokeni eziyingozi futhi babambe amagundane ayingozi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Unobhala wenyoni endiza
Isikhathi somshado wezinyoni zikanobhala sihlobene ngqo nenkathi yemvula, ngakho-ke isikhathi esiqondile sokufika kwayo asinakubizwa ngegama. Njengoba sekushiwo, lezi zinyoni zihlala emibhangqwaneni eshadile, eyakhelwe sonke isikhathi sokuphila kwezinyoni. Amadoda anezimpaphe angama-romantics angempela alungele ukunakekela okhethiweyo wakhe, amnqoba ngendiza enhle ekhuphuka, umdanso wokukhwelana, ingoma ebabazekayo. Ukwenza wonke la maqhinga phambi komlingani, owesilisa uhlala eqinisekisa ukuthi akekho umuntu ongamazi ohlasela impahla yakhe, evikela ngomona owesifazane.
Ukuhlanganyela ocansini kuvame ukwenzeka ebusweni bomhlaba, futhi kwesinye isikhathi emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ubaba wesikhathi esizayo akasishiyi othandekayo wakhe, kepha wabelana naye bonke ubunzima bempilo yomndeni, kusukela ekwakheni isidleke ekukhuliseni amatshwele. Onobhala bakha indawo yokwakha izidleke emagatsheni omtholo, kubukeka sengathi yipulatifomu enkulu engamamitha amabili ububanzi, ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele futhi isinda.
Ukwakhiwa, okulandelayo kuyasetshenziswa:
- iziqu zemithi;
- umquba;
- izingcezu zoboya boboya besilwane;
- amahlamvu;
- izinduku, njll.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Onobhala basebenzise isidleke esifanayo iminyaka eminingi, behlala bebuyela kuso phakathi nenkathi yomshado.
Iqoqo lezinyoni zonobhala alinawo amaqanda angaphezu kwamathathu, amise okwamapheya futhi abe mhlophe qwa. Isikhathi sokufukamela sihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-45, sonke lesi sikhathi ubaba wakusasa uyahamba ngokuzingela yedwa ukuzondla yena nomlingani wakhe. Inqubo yokuchamisela amaphuphu emaqandeni ayenzeki ngasikhathi sinye, kodwa ngokulandelana. Lapho iqanda lizalelwa kusenesikhathi, ingane isheshe ichamule kulo. Umehluko wobudala phakathi kwamantshontsho ungafika ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Amathuba okusinda makhulu kulabo abashiye igobolondo kuqala.
Ukukhula kwamachwane kanobhala kuhamba kancane. Lezi zingane ezinezimpaphe zisukuma ngezinyawo zazo zisondele emasontweni ayisithupha kuphela ubudala, futhi zisondele emasontweni ayi-11 ubudala ziqala ukuzama ukwenza izindiza zazo zokuqala ezingafanele. Abazali abanezimpaphe bazinakekela ngokungakhathali izingane zabo, ngokuzondla ekuqaleni bavuselela inyama egaywe uhhafu, kancane kancane bashintshela enyameni eluhlaza, abayihlephule ibe yizicucu ngomlomo wabo omkhulu.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyoni zikanobhala
Isithombe: Unobhala nyoni emvelweni
Kwenzekile ukuthi endaweni engokwemvelo yasendle, izinyoni ezivuthiwe cishe azinazitha. Amachwane alezi zinyoni, akhula kancane, asengozini enkulu. Amagwababa nezikhova zase-Afrika zingathumba amachwane ezidlekeni ezinkulu futhi ezivulekile. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho abazali beyofuna ukudla.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi izingane zichanyuselwa kancane kancane futhi labo ababa ngabokuqala banamathuba amaningi okusinda, ngoba bathola ukudla okuningi kakhulu. Kwenzeka ukuthi amaphuphu angavuthiwe, azama ukulingisa abazali bawo, agxume aphume izidleke. Lapho-ke amathuba okusinda ebusweni bomhlaba ancishiswe kakhulu, ngoba lapha angaba yisisulu sanoma yiziphi izidumbu. Abazali basayinakekela iwundlu eliwile, belondla phansi, kepha imvamisa izingane ezinjalo ezinezimpaphe ziyafa. Izibalo zokusinda kwamachwane onobhala ziyadumaza - kwezintathu imvamisa kusinda inyoni eyodwa.
Izitha zezinyoni zikanobhala zingabalwa nabantu abahlala ezindaweni eziningi zase-Afrika, basuse izinyoni ezindaweni zabo zokuthunyelwa unomphela. Ukulima umhlaba, ukwakha imigwaqo, ukondla imfuyo nakho kulimaza izinyoni, kubenze bakhathazeke futhi bafune izindawo ezintsha zokuhlala. Abantu base-Afrika kwesinye isikhathi bacekela phansi izindawo zezinyoni zokwakha izidleke, bathathe kuwo amaqanda ambalwa abawadlayo. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi izinyoni zonobhala zizama ukuhlala kude nezindawo zokuhlala abantu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Unobhala Wezinyoni
Ngaphandle kokuthi abantu base-Afrika bayihloniphile inyoni engunobhala ngokubulala inqwaba yezinyoka namagundane ayingozi, inani labantu liyancipha ngokuqhubekayo. Lokhu kungenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene ezingezinhle. Okokuqala, iminyango emincane yalezi zinyoni ingabalwa lapha, ngoba imvamisa insikazi izalela amaqanda amathathu kuphela, okuncane kakhulu. Okwesibili, izinga lokusinda kwamachwane liphansi kakhulu, kokuthathu, imvamisa inye kuphela enenhlanhla eyenza indlela eya ekuphileni.
Lokhu akwenziwa nje ukuhlaselwa kwezinyoni ezahlukahlukene ezidlayo, kepha futhi nokuthi ezindaweni ezingamagagasi ezomile zezwekazi lase-Afrika, izinyoni zivame ukuswela ukudla, ngakho-ke abazali bangondla ingane eyodwa kuphela. Imvamisa, ukondla abancane, onobhala babulala inyamazane enkulu, inyama yayo isindiswa ngokudabula izingcezu ezincane ukuze iyelule isikhathi eside. Bafihla isidumbu ezihlahleni eziminyene.
Ngaphezu kwazo zonke lezi zizathu ezingenhla zokwehla kwesibalo sezinyoni zonobhala, kunezinye izinto ezingezinhle, ikakhulukazi ngesimo somuntu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu base-Afrika badla amaqanda alezi zinyoni, bachitha izidleke zabo. Futhi, ukukhula kwezikhala ezihlalwe ngabantu ngezidingo zabo kunomthelela omubi enanini lezinyoni, ngoba kunezindawo ezingaphansi nezinciphile zendawo yokuhlala enokuthula nokuzola. Kuyadabukisa ukukuqonda, kepha konke lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezimangalisayo lusengozini, ngakho-ke ludinga ukuvikelwa.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinyoni konobhala
Isithombe: Unobhala wezinyoni ovela eRed Book
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, isimo senani lezinyoni ezingunobhala asisihle, inani lalezi zinyoni liya ngokuya lincipha, futhi izinyoni zisongelwa ngokuqedwa ngokuphelele.Mayelana nalokhu, emuva ngonyaka we-1968, inyoni kanobhala yathathwa ngaphansi kwesivikelo se-African Convention on the Conservation of Nature.
Unobhala wezinyoni omangalisayo futhi omncane ubhalwe kuhlu lwe-IUCN International Red List, izinhlobo zalo zinesimo sokuba sengozini. Okokuqala, lokhu kungenxa yokungenelela okungalawulwa komuntu ezindaweni zokuhlala unomphela kwalezi zinyoni, okuholela ekwehliseni izindawo ezihlala izinyoni, ngoba zonke zihlala abantu. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho njengezidleke ezonakalisayo nakho kuyenzeka, yize inyoni ihlonishwa ngenxa yemilutha yayo yokudla, eqeda abantu izinyoka namagundane ayingozi.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Abase-Afrika basendulo babekholelwa ukuthi uma uthatha uphaphe lwezinyoni lukanobhala lapho uzingela, khona-ke noma iyiphi inyoka eyingozi ngeke yesabe umuntu, ngoba babengeke bakhase eduze.
Abantu kufanele bathathe isimo sokucophelela nokucophelela ngale nyoni eyingqayizivele, ngoba ibalethela izinzuzo ezinkulu, kuqeda izinyoka ezahlukahlukene nezinambuzane zamagundane. Kungani umuntu engafanele futhi asindise izinyoni ezinsongweni nasezingozini, okokuqala, ohlangothini lwakhe ?!
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukwengeza ukuthi umhlaba wezilwane awuyeki ukusimangaza, ngoba ugcwele isimanga esinjalo futhi ungafani nezinye izidalwa, kufaka phakathi inyoni kanobhala, ehlukile, engajwayelekile futhi ehlukile. Kuhlala kunethemba lesintu kuphela ezenzweni zabantu, ukuze unobhala wezinyoni yaqhubeka ikhona.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 28.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-22: 10
