I-python eyenziwe kabusha Iyinyoka engenabuthi, ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kwamanye amazwe ohlu lwawo, iyazingelwa ngesikhumba sayo, isetshenziselwa umuthi wendabuko futhi ithengiswa njengesilwane esifuywayo. Ingenye yezinyoka ezintathu ezisinda kakhulu nezinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Abantu abakhulu bangafika ku-10 m ubude. Kepha kaningi ungahlangana ne-python ebekiwe engu-4-8 m ubude. Isifanekiso serekhodi esasihlala e-zoo safinyelela ku-12.2 m. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi, bheka le ndatshana.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-Python ekhishwe kabusha
I-python ebhalwe phansi yaqala ukuchazwa ngo-1801 yisazi semvelo saseJalimane u-I.Gottlob. Igama elithize elithi "reticulatus" ngesiLatini elisho "ukubekwa kabusha" futhi liyinkomba yesikimu sombala esiyinkimbinkimbi. Igama elijwayelekile elithi Python laphakanyiswa yisazi semvelo saseFrance uF. Dowden ngo-1803.
Ocwaningweni lofuzo lwe-DNA olwenziwa ngonyaka we-2004, kwatholakala ukuthi i-python ebhalwe kabusha iseduze ne-python yasemanzini, hhayi i-tiger python, njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ngo-2008, uLeslie Rawlings nozakwabo baphinde bahlaziya idatha ye-morphological futhi, bayihlanganisa nezinto zofuzo, bathola ukuthi uhlobo olutholakele kabusha luyigatsha lozalo lwasemanzini i-python.
Ividiyo: IPython eyenziwe kabusha
Ngokuya ngezifundo zofuzo zamangqamuzana, i-python ebhalwe kabusha ibhalwe ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi kwegama lesayensi elithi Malayopython reticulans kusukela ngo-2014.
Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo, ama-subspecies amathathu angahlukaniswa:
- i-malayopython reticulans reticulans, okuyi-taxon eqokiwe;
- i-malayopython reticulans saputrai, etholakala ezingxenyeni zesiqhingi sase-Indonesia iSulawesi neSelayar Island;
- I-malayopython reticulans jampeanus itholakala kuphela eJampea Island.
Ukuba khona kwama-subspecies kungachazwa ukuthi i-python esetshenzisiwe isatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezinkulu kakhulu futhi itholakala eziqhingini ezihlukene. Lezi zinyoka zihlala zodwa futhi akukho ukuxubana kofuzo nezinye. Uhlobo lwesine olungaba khona, olusesiQhingini Sangikhe, okwamanje luyaphenywa.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-python enkulu ebhalwe kabusha
I-python ebaluliwe iyinyoka enkulu edabuka e-Asia. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba nesisindo somzimba esijwayelekile singu-4.78 m no-170 kg, ngokulandelana. Abanye abantu bafinyelela kubude obungu-9.0 m nesisindo esingu-270 kg. Yize izingcwecwe ezibhalwe kabusha ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayisithupha ubude zingandile, noma kunjalo, ngokusho kweGuinness Book of Records, ukuphela kwenyoka ekhona edlula njalo lobude.
I-python ebhalwe kabusha iphuzi ngokukhanyayo ngombala onsundu ngemigqa emnyama esukela esifundeni sangaphakathi samehlo ngokwehla kuya ngasekhanda. Omunye ulayini omnyama kwesinye isikhathi ubakhona ekhanda lenyoka, usuka ekugcineni kwempumulo uye phansi kogebhezi noma i-occiput. Iphethini yombala we-python ekhonjisiwe iphethini eyinkimbinkimbi yejometri efaka imibala ehlukene. Umhlane uvamise ukuba nochungechunge lwamajamo amise okwedayimane angajwayelekile azungezwe ukumakwa okuncane okunezikhungo zokukhanya.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umehluko omkhulu ngosayizi, umbala, kanye nokumakwa kuvamile ebangeni elibanzi lale nhlobo.
E-zoo, iphethini yombala ingabonakala inzima, kepha endaweni eyihlathi enomthunzi, phakathi kwamaqabunga awile kanye nemfucumfucu, ivumela i-python ukuba icishe inyamalale. Imvamisa, lolu hlobo lukhombisile ukuthi abesifazane bakhula bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa ngosayizi nangesisindo. Owesifazane ojwayelekile angakhula aze afike ku-6.09 m no-90 kg ngokungafani nowesilisa, olinganiselwa cishe ku-4.5 m ngobude kuze kufike ku-45 kg.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-python ekhonjiwe inobuthi noma cha. Ake sithole ukuthi inyoka enkulu le ihlala kuphi.
Ihlala kuphi i-python?
Isithombe: Inyoka ebuzwe inyoka
IPython ikhetha isimo sezulu esishisayo nesithokomele futhi ithanda ukuba seduze kwamanzi. Ekuqaleni wayehlala emahlathini emvula nasezixhaphozini. Njengoba lezi zindawo ziba ncane ngenxa yokuhlanzwa, i-python ebhalwe phansi iqala ukuzivumelanisa namahlathi wesibili kanye nezinsimu zezolimo futhi ihlala eduze kakhulu nabantu. Ngokwandayo, kutholakala izinyoka ezinkulu emadolobheni amancane, lapho kufanele zithuthwe khona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-python ebhalwe phansi ingahlala eduze nemifula futhi yenzeke ezindaweni ezinemifudlana namachibi aseduze. Ungumbhukudi oncomekayo okwazi ukubhukuda aye kude nolwandle, yingakho inyoka ikholoni leziqhingi eziningi ezincane ngaphakathi kobubanzi bayo. Kuthiwa eminyakeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, i-python ebhalwe kabusha yayiyisivakashi esivamile, ngisho naseBangkok ephithizelayo.
Ububanzi be-python ebuyisiwe bunweba eSouth Asia:
- Thailand;
- India;
- IVietnam;
- ILaos;
- ECambodia;
- EMalaysia;
- IBangladesh;
- ESingapore;
- IBurma;
- I-Indonesia;
- IPhilippines.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lusakazeke kakhulu eNicobar Islands, kanye nase: Sumatra, iqembu leMentawai leziqhingi, iziqhingi ezingama-272 zaseNatuna, Borneo, Sulawesi, Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Timor, Maluku, Sumba, Flores, Bohol, Cebu, Leite, Mindanao, Mindoro, ILuzon, iPalawan, iPanay, iPolillo, iSamar, iTavi-Tavi.
I-python ebhaliwe ibusa amahlathi emvula, amaxhaphozi namahlathi asezindaweni eziphakeme, eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-1200-2500. Izinga lokushisa elidingekayo ekukhiqizeni nasekusindeni kufanele lisuke ku-º24ºC liye ku-34ºC lapho kukhona umswakama omningi.
Idla ini i-python?
Isithombe: i-python e-yellow reticulated
Njengazo zonke izinhlwathi, eyodwa ebhalwe ngokuzingelwa izingela kumqamekeli, ilinde isisulu ukuba size ibanga elide ngaphambi kokuba sibambe inyamazane ngomzimba wayo bese siyibulala sisebenzisa ukucindezela. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kudla izilwane ezincelisayo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinyoni ezihlala ebangeni lazo ngokwendawo.
Ukudla kwakhe kwemvelo kufaka:
- izinkawu;
- ama-civets;
- amagundane;
- binturongs;
- ama-ungulates amancane;
- izinyoni;
- ezihuquzelayo.
Imvamisa kuzingelwa izilwane ezifuywayo: izingulube, izimbuzi, izinja nezinyoni. Ukudla okujwayelekile kufaka izingulube nezingane ezinesisindo esingu-10-15 kg. Kodwa-ke, icala liyaziwa lapho i-python ebonisiwe igwinya ukudla, isisindo sayo sidlula ama-60 kg. Izingela amalulwane, ibabamba lapho ibhabha, ilungisa umsila wayo kokungahambi kahle emhumeni. Abantu abancane abafika ku-3-4 m ubude baphakela ikakhulukazi kumagundane njengamagundane, kuyilapho abantu abakhulu beshintshela ekuzingeleni okukhulu.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: I-python ebonisiwe iyakwazi ukugwinya inyamazane engafika kwikota eyodwa yobude nesisindo sayo. Phakathi kwezinto ezidliwayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke kubalwa ibhere laseMalay elingu-23kg, elibulawa yindlala, eladliwa yinyoka engu-6.95m futhi kwathatha cishe amasonto ayishumi ukugaya.
Kukholakala ukuthi i-python ebhalwe phansi ingadla abantu ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kaningi kwabantu endle nakubanikazi basekhaya bezinhlwathi ezibhalwe kabusha. Kuncane icala elilodwa elaziwayo lapho i-Python reticulatus ingena endlini yomuntu ehlathini yathatha ingane. Ukuze ithole inyamazane, i-python ebhaliwe isebenzisa imigodi yezinzwa (izitho ezikhethekile zezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoka) ezithola imfudumalo yezilwane ezincelisayo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthola inyamazane maqondana nokushisa kwayo maqondana nemvelo. Ngenxa yalesi sici, i-python ebhalwe kabusha ibamba izisulu kanye nezilwane ezingazibonanga ngaphandle kokuzibona.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Python ekhishwe kabusha
Ngaphandle kokusondelana nabantu, kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuziphatha kwalezi zilwane. I-python efakiwe ibuye isebusuku futhi ichitha usuku lonke endaweni yokukhosela. Ibanga elihanjwa yizilwane ngesikhathi sokuphila kwazo, noma ngabe zinendawo ezihleliwe, azifundisiswanga kahle. I-python ebhalwe phansi iyisizungu esithintana kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Lezi zinyoka zihlala ezindaweni ezinemithombo yamanzi. Ngenkathi yokunyakaza, bayakwazi ukukhipha imisipha futhi ngasikhathi sinye bayidedele, bakhe iphethini yenyoka yokuhamba. Ngenxa yokuhamba kwe-rectilinear kanye nosayizi omkhulu womzimba wama-pythons abhalwe kabusha, uhlobo lokuhamba lwenyoka lapho ivumelanisa khona umzimba wayo bese luphenduka ngokunyakaza okujwayelekile kuvame kakhulu njengoba kuvumela abantu abakhulu ukuba bahambe ngokushesha. Isebenzisa isikwashi bese iqondisa inqubo, i-python ingakhuphuka ezihlahleni.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kusetshenziswa ukunyakaza okufanayo komzimba, izinhlwathi ezibuyisiwe, njengazo zonke izinyoka, zichitha isikhumba sazo ukuze zilungise amanxeba noma nje ngesikhathi sokukhula sempilo. Ukulahleka kwesikhumba, noma ukuqhuma, kuyadingeka ukukhulula umzimba okhula njalo.
I-python eyenziwe kabusha cishe ayiwuzwa umsindo futhi ibekelwe imingcele ngenxa yamajwabu amehlo anganyakazi. Ngakho-ke, ithembela emqondweni wayo wokuhogela nokuthinta ukuze ithole inyamazane futhi igweme izilwane ezidlayo. Inyoka ayinazo izindlebe; kunalokho, inesitho esikhethekile esivumela ukuthi izwe ukudlidlizela emhlabathini. Ngenxa yokushoda kwezindlebe, izinyoka nezinye izinhlwathi kumele zisebenzise ukunyakaza komzimba ukudala ukudlidlizela ezixhumana ngazo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-python enkulu ebhalwe kabusha
Isikhathi sokuzala se-python esetshenzisiwe siqala ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Ngokushesha nje emva kobusika, izinhlwathi ziqala ukulungiselela ukuzalanisa ngenxa yemfudumalo ethembisayo yasehlobo. Ezindaweni eziningi, ukuqala kwesizini kuthonywa indawo yokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, ama-python azala ngokuya ngezinguquko zesimo sezulu endaweni ethile yokuhlala.
Indawo yokuzalanisa kumele icebe ngokudla ukuze insikazi ikwazi ukuzala. Ama-python ayenziwe kabusha adinga izindawo ezingahlalwa muntu ukuze kugcinwe amazinga aphezulu okuzala. Ubungqabavu bamaqanda buxhomeke ekhonweni likamama lokuwavikela nokuwafukamela, kanye nasemazingeni aphezulu omswakama. Izimbungulu ezindala zivame ukulungela ukuzala lapho iduna lifinyelela kumamitha angaba ngu-2,5 ubude namamitha angaba ngu-3.0 ubude kwabesifazane. Bafinyelela kulo ubude kungakapheli iminyaka emi-3-5 kwabobulili bobabili.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo: Uma kunokudla okuningi, owesifazane ukhiqiza inzalo minyaka yonke. Ezindaweni lapho ukudla kuyindlala khona, ubukhulu nobuningi bamabhande kuyancipha (kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2-3). Ngonyaka wokuzala, owesifazane oyedwa angakhiqiza amaqanda ayi-8-107, kepha imvamisa amaqanda angama-25-50. Isisindo somzimba sezingane lapho zizalwa singu-0.15 g.
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane, i-python yensikazi eboshiwe ihlala igoqekile phezu kwamaqanda achamuselayo ukuze ifudumale. Ngenqubo yokuncipha kwemisipha, owesifazane ushisa amaqanda, kubangele ukwanda kwesilinganiso sokufukamela kanye namathuba okusinda enzalo. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, izinhlwathi ezincane ezinemibuzo cishe azinakekelwa ngabazali futhi ziyaphoqeleka ukuthi zizivikele futhi zifune ukudla.
Izitha zemvelo zezinhlwathi ezibhalwe kabusha
Isithombe: i-python eyenziwe kabusha emvelweni
Ama-python ayenziwe kabusha awanazo izitha zemvelo ngenxa yobukhulu namandla awo. Amaqanda ezinyoka kanye nama-python asanda kuchanyuselwa kungenzeka ahlaselwe yizilwane ezinjengezinyoni (oklebe, izinkozi, izindwandwe) nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Ukuzingelwa kwezimbungulu ezindala ezibhalwe abantu abadala kunqunyelwe ezingwenya nakwezinye izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye. Izimbungulu zisengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa kuphela emaphethelweni amanzi, lapho kungalindelwa khona ukuhlasela kwengwenya. Okuwukuphela kokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ngaphezu kosayizi, ukucindezela okunamandla komzimba wenyoka, okungakhama ukuphila kuphume esitheni ngemizuzu engu-3-4.
Umuntu uyisitha esikhulu se-python esetshenzisiwe. Lezi zilwane ziyabulawa futhi zikhishwe isikhumba lapho kwenziwa impahla yezikhumba. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kubulawa izilwane eziyingxenye yesigidi minyaka yonke ngenxa yale njongo. E-Indonesia, izinhlwathi ezibhalwe phansi nazo ziyadliwa njengokudla. Ukuzingela izilwane kuvumelekile ngoba abahlali bafuna ukuvikela imfuyo yabo nezingane ezinyokeni.
I-python ebaluliwe ingenye yezinyoka ezimbalwa ezidla abantu. Lokhu kuhlaselwa akuvamile kakhulu, kepha lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi luye lwaba yimbangela yokulimala kwabantu abaningi, endle nasekuthunjweni.
Amacala amaningana aziwa ngokuthembekile:
- ngo-1932, umfana osemusha ePhilippines wadla insumpa engu-7.6 m. Le nsumpa yabalekela ekhaya, kwathi lapho itholakala, kwatholwa indodana yomnikazi wenyoka ngaphakathi;
- Ngo-1995, i-python enkulu eyabhalwa kabusha yabulala u-Ee Hen Chuan oneminyaka engu-29 wasezweni eliseningizimu neMalaysia laseJohor. Inyoka yazigoqa yazungeza isidumbu esingenampilo nekhanda ebhajwe emihlathini lapho umfowabo kamufi ekhubeka kuso;
- ngo-2009, umfana oneminyaka emithathu ubudala waseLas Vegas wayezisonge nge-python ebhalwe ngo-5.5 m ubude.Umama wasindisa ingane ngokugwaza le nsumpa ngommese;
- Ngo-2017, isidumbu somlimi oneminyaka engama-25 ubudala esivela e-Indonesia satholakala esiswini se-python enamamitha ayi-7. Inyoka ibulewe kwasuswa isidumbu. Leli bekuyicala lokuqala eliqinisekiswe ngokuphelele le-python yokudla abantu. Inqubo yokubuyisa umzimba yabhalwa kusetshenziswa izithombe namavidiyo;
- NgoJuni 2018, owesifazane oneminyaka engu-54 ubudala wase-Indonesia wadliwa yinyoka yamamitha ayi-7. Wanyamalala ngenkathi esebenza engadini yakhe, kwathi ngakusasa iqembu labaseshi lathola imfantu eyayinenhlamvu emzimbeni eduze kwengadi. I-video yenyoka emathunjini ifakwe ku-inthanethi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoka ebuzwe inyoka
Isimo sabantu se-python esetshenzisiwe siyehluka kakhulu kumabanga ezindawo. Lezi zinyoka zigcwele eThailand, lapho zingena emizini yabantu ngesikhathi semvula. EPhilippines, kuwuhlobo olwandile nasezindaweni zokuhlala. Inani eliphansi lasePhilippines lithathwa njengezinzile futhi liyanda. Ama-python ayenziwe kabusha ayivelakancane eMyanmar. ECambodia, inani labantu nalo laqala ukwehla futhi lehla ngama-30-50% eminyakeni eyishumi. Amalungu ohlobo lwawo ajwayelekile kakhulu endle eVietnam, kepha abantu abaningi batholakale eningizimu yezwe.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: I-python ebekiwe ayibekwa engcupheni, kepha, ngokusho kweCITES Isithasiselo II, ukuhweba nokuthengiswa kwesikhumba sayo kulawulwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyasinda. Lezi zinhlobo azikho ohlwini lwe-IUCN Red List.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-python ihlala isabalele ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zaleli zwe, lapho kutholakala khona indawo yokuhlala efanelekile, kubandakanya nezindawo ezivikelwe. Mhlawumbe kuyehla eLaos. Ukwehla kwe-Indochina kudalwe ukuguqulwa komhlaba. I-python esetshenzisiwe iseyinhlobo ejwayelekile ezindaweni eziningi zaseKalimantan. Abantu abaningi eMalaysia nase-Indonesia bazinzile naphezu kokudoba kanzima.
I-python eyenziwe kabusha kuhlala kuyinto evamile eSingapore, naphezu kokufuduka emadolobheni, lapho kungavunyelwe ukudoba lolu hlobo. E-Sarawak nase-Sabah, lolu hlobo luvamile ezindaweni zokuhlala nezemvelo, futhi abukho ubufakazi bokwehla kwabantu. Izinkinga ezibangelwe ukususwa nokuxhashazwa kwezindawo zokuhlala zingasuswa ukwanda kwamapulazi esundu ka-oyela, njengoba inyoka ye-python ebekiwe ibamba kahle kulezi zindawo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.06.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/23/2019 ngo-21: 17
