Iguana Isidalwa esihle kakhulu. Nge-crest ngemuva nasemsileni, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesikhumba nokwakheka "kwentshebe". Isilwane sibukeka njengodrako omncane. Futhi yize ibizwa nge-iguana eluhlaza, ayihlali inamathoni esikhumba aluhlaza. Umbala ungaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-luhlaza, ogqamile oluhlaza, obomvu, ompunga futhi ophuzi opinki ophaphathekile kanye ne-lavender. Kwezinye izindawo, ama-iguana ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngisho esemncane, kodwa kancane kancane ashintsha umbala njengoba ekhula.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Iguana
Lolu hlobo lwaqala ukuchazwa ngokusemthethweni ngusosayensi wezitshalo waseSweden uCarl Linnaeus ngo-1758. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zahlonzwa eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili kusukela lapho, kodwa kamuva, ngemuva kocwaningo lwezofuzo, zahlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezilula zezifunda zohlobo olufanayo, ngaphandle kwe-iguana yaseCaribbean.
Ividiyo: Iguana
Besebenzisa idatha ye-DNA yenuzi neye-mitochondrial ukulandelana komlando we-phylogenic we-iguana, ososayensi bafunde izilwane eziqoqwe emazweni ahlukene ayi-17. I-topology ye-phylogeny ikhombisile ukuthi lolu hlobo lwavela eNingizimu Melika futhi ekugcineni lwadlula eMelika Ephakathi naseCaribbean. Ucwaningo alukhombanga i-mitochondrial DNA haplotypes yesimo se-subspecies, kepha lukhombise ukwehluka kohlu lozalo phakathi kwabantu baseCentral naseNingizimu Melika.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi kwe-iguana ejwayelekile:
- iguana iguana iguana isatshalaliswa kuma-Lesser Antilles naseNingizimu Melika;
- iguana iguana rhinolopha - Leli fomu livela ikakhulukazi eMelika Ephakathi.
Womabili ama-taxa angahlukaniswa kahle ngokuphepha yizimpondo ezimbili noma ezintathu ezincane "ebusweni be-rhinolopha iguana. Igama elithi "iguana" livela kwifomu leSpanish laleli gama ngolimi lwabantu baseTaíno, ababehlala eCaribbean ngaphambi kokufika kwabanqobi futhi bezwakala njenge "iwana". Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inguquko yaseSpain yaleli gama yadlulela egameni lesayensi lalesi silwane. Kwamanye amazwe akhuluma iSpanishi, abesilisa balolu hlobo babizwa ngokuthi i-gorrobo noma i-ministro, kanti abancane babizwa nge-iguanita noma i-gorrobito.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Green Iguana
Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, ama-iguana ahluka ngobude obusukela kuma-cm ayi-16 kuye kwangama-25. Lezi zibankwa ezinkulu zingamamitha amabili ubude. Yize lezi zilwane zibizwa ngokuthi ama-iguana aluhlaza, imibala yazo ihlukile. Abantu abadala baba nombala ofana ngokwengeziwe ngeminyaka, kuyilapho izingane zingabonakala zinamabala kakhulu noma zinemishwe phakathi kokuluhlaza nonsundu. Umbala womuntu nawo ungahluka ngokuya ngemizwa yakhe, izinga lokushisa, impilo noma isimo senhlalo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kombala kungasiza lezi zilwane nge-thermoregulation.
Ekuseni, lapho izinga lokushisa komzimba liphansi, umbala wesikhumba uzoba mnyama, okusiza isibankwa ukumunca ukushisa elangeni. Kodwa-ke, lapho ilanga elishisayo lasemini likhanya phezu kwazo, lezi zilwane ziba lula noma zikhanyise kancane, zisize ekuboniseni imisebe yelanga futhi zinciphise ukushisa okungena ngaphakathi. Ama-iguana asebenzayo athambekele ekubeni mnyama ngombala kunama-igwana akalwe aphansi ahlala endaweni efanayo. Iningi lokwehluka kombala okubonwe kulezi zinhlobo kwenzeka kwabesilisa futhi kungabangelwa ngokwengxenye yi-sex steroids.
Iqiniso Lokuzijabulisa: Emavikini ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuqomisana, abesilisa bangathatha umbala o-orenji noma wegolide okhanyayo, yize imibala isahlobene nesimo sokubusa. Abesifazane abavuthiwe ingxenye enkulu bagcina umbala wabo oluhlaza.
Ezinye izinto ezihlukile zalezi zinhlobo zifaka isikhwama ngaphansi komphimbo, udonga lomhosha oluqukethe iminyango yederm egijima ukusuka maphakathi nentamo kuya ngaphansi komsila, kanye nomsila omude osicaba. Umbila wobisi ukhula kakhulu emadodeni amadala kunabesifazane. Izandiso zamathambo e-hyoid ziyaqina futhi zisekela onqenqemeni oluholayo lwalesi sakhiwo, esisetshenziswa ekuvikeleni indawo noma lapho isilwane sithukile. Lesi sakhiwo esinamanzi futhi sisebenza ukumunca nokuqeda ukushisa njengoba sikhula.
Amehlo asemaceleni avikelwe ikakhulukazi ijwabu leso elinganyakazi kanye nejwabu leso elincane elihamba ngokukhululeka. Emugqeni ophakathi nendawo okhakhayini, ngemuva kwamehlo kukhona i-parietal ocellus. Lesi sitho sezinzwa, yize singesilo "iso" langempela, sisebenza njengemitha yamandla elanga futhi sikhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwezitho zangasese, igilo kanye nezindlala ze-endocrine. Umphumela obonakalayo wale "iso" ukhawulelwe kakhulu ekutholeni izithunzi ezidlayo ezivela phezulu.
Uhlala kuphi uguwana?
Isithombe: Iguana ngokwemvelo
I-igwana ejwayelekile itholakala kuyo yonke iMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, kusukela eSinaloa naseVeracruz, eMexico, eningizimu kuya eParaguay naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil. Lesi sibankwa esikhulu sihlala naseziqhingini eziningi kulo lonke elaseCaribbean nasogwini olusempumalanga yePacific futhi sethulwe eningizimu yeFlorida neHawaii. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-iguana aluhlaza akoloni i-Anguilla ngo-1995 ngemuva kokukhucululwa osebeni ngemuva kwesiphepho.
Ama-iguana ajwayelekile ahlala emahlathini emvula:
- enyakatho yeMexico;
- i-America emaphakathi;
- eCaribbean;
- engxenyeni eseningizimu yeBrazil.
Yize lingelona elaseMartinique, ikoloni elincane lasendle lama-iguana aluhlaza okhululiwe noma aphunyukile lingatholakala eFort St. Ama-Iguana yizibankwa ze-arboreal ezihlala phezulu emiqhele yezihlahla. AmaJuvenile amisa izindawo eziphansi ko-canopies, kuyilapho ama-iguana amadala ahlala ngaphezulu. Lo mkhuba wokuhlala ezihlahleni ubavumela ukuthi bagcobe ilanga, kuyaqabukela kushona, ngaphandle kwalapho abesifazane bemba imigodi yokubeka amaqanda.
Yize isilwane sithanda indawo enamahlathi (ehlathini), ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nezindawo ezivulekile kakhulu. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi ahlalaphi, ama-iguana akhetha ukuba namanzi eduze, ngoba angababhukudi abahle kakhulu abacwila ngaphansi kwamanzi ukugwema izilwane ezidla ezinye. ENingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi, lapho i-iguana ejwayelekile idabuka khona, kwamanye amazwe iyinhlobo esengozini yokuqothulwa ngoba abantu bazingela futhi badle le "nkukhu ezihlahleni".
Idlani i-iguana?
Isithombe: Iguana
Ama-Iguana ikakhulukazi adla imifino. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza noma izithelo ezivuthiwe ngukudla okukhethwayo. Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi zidla inyama encane noma izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Ama-Iguana asebenzisa izilimi zawo ukuphatha ukudla kwawo futhi alume izingcezu ezincane ukuze agwinye ngokuhlafuna okuncane noma cha. Ukudla kuhlangana nama-enzyme esiswini bese kungena emathunjini amancane, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona ama-enzyme e-pancreatic ne-bile. Iningi lokugayeka lenzeka kukholoni, lapho i-microflora ichitha khona i-cellulose. I-microflora iyadingeka ekugayweni kwamathumbu endlu yangemuva kwalokhu kudla okunzima ukugaya.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Amachwane e-Iguana athanda ukudla indle yabantu abadala, okungaba ukujwayela ukuthola imicroflora edingeka kakhulu. Le microflora idiliza ukudla futhi ikwenze kutholakalele ukumuncwa.
Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala, ama-iguana adinga amaprotheni amaningi okudliwayo ukuze akhule ngokushesha okwanele. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-igwana amancane angadla izinambuzane nezicabucabu. Ama-iguana asekhulile aseduze nobude bawo obukhulu adla i-phosphorus ephansi, i-calcium ephezulu, ukudla okunamaqabunga ngezidingo zawo.
Ama-Iguana yizilwane ezixakile. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo lincike ekushiseni kwama-ambient. Amazinga okushisa aphansi anciphisa isifiso se-iguana futhi anciphisa ukusebenza kwama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla. Ukudla okusebenzayo kuvame ukwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa elikhona kungama-25-35 ° C. Ukuzigcina ufudumele kuwusizo olubalulekile ekugayeni ukudla. Ama-Iguana angayeka ukudla ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesikhumba. Abesifazane bangawenqaba ukudla ezinyangeni zakamuva zokukhula kwamaqanda. Abantu abacindezeleke ngokweqile noma abaphansi kwezimo ezintsha nabo bangavuma ukudla.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi uzondla ngani i-iguana. Ake sibone ukuthi isibankwa esiluhlaza siphila kanjani.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Lizard iguana
Endle, impikiswano enkulu phakathi kwama-iguana imayelana nokuthi ungashisisa kuphi umzimba. Lezi zibankwa ezidla inyama zivame ukuba nokudla okwanele. Ukugeza kubalulekile ekukhuliseni izinga lokushisa komzimba nokwenza ngcono ukugaya ukudla. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa bakhombisa izimangalo zendawo ngokushaya ikhanda nokushintsha kombala. Ziyaluma zodwa. Ukulimala endle akuvamile njengoba abesilisa benendawo eningi yokuhlehla lapho besongelwa. Kodwa-ke, ekuthunjweni, lapho isikhala silinganiselwe khona, ukulimala kuvame kakhulu.
Abesifazane nabo bangabonisa amanye alawa makghono wokuziphatha lapho isikhala sedleke silinganiselwe. Ama-iguana ajwayelekile angahamba amabanga abalulekile ezikhathini eziningana. Abesifazane bathuthela endaweni efanayo yokwakha izidleke iminyaka eminingana ilandelana, bese bebuyela endaweni yabo ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda. Amantshontsho nawo angahamba amabanga amade.
Lapho yesaba, i-iguana ivame ukuba yiqhwa noma icashe. Njengezinye izibankwa eziningi, ama-iguana angakhipha omunye umsila wawo. Lokhu kubanikeza ithuba lokweqa ngaphambi kokuba umhlaseli abone ukuthi kwenzekani. Umsila omusha uzohluma futhi ukhule ngonyaka, kepha hhayi kubude obabungaphambilini. Eduzane nomjaho, ama-iguana agxumela emanzini avela emagatsheni alele ngaphezulu, abese ebhukuda asuke kusongo. Izilwane zithanda uhlaza olude noluminyene olunomswakama omningi, ilanga nomthunzi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby Iguana
Ama-igwana amaningi ajwayelekile afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka engama-3-4, yize ukuvuthwa kungafinyelelwa ngaphambili. Zizala phakathi nenkathi eyomile, okuvumela inzalo yazo ukuba ichanyuselwe ngesikhathi semvula lapho ukudla kutholakala kalula. Ukuqomisana kwenzeka endaweni ethize lapho kungaba khona abesifazane abangaphezu koyedwa. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabesilisa akuvamile. Abesilisa abaqavile bamaka amatshe, amagatsha, nabesifazane ngento ekhethekile equkethe i-pheromone e-waxy ekhishwe ezimbotsheni zabo zesifazane.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, iduna likhwela emhlane lowesifazane. Ukubamba insikazi, ubamba isikhumba sehlombe ngamazinyo akhe, kulimaze ngisho nokulimala. Owesilisa ube esexhuma ukuvulwa kwakhe kwe-cloacal nowesifazane bese efaka esinye se-hemipenes yakhe ku-cloaca yakhe. Ukushayisana kungathatha imizuzu eminingana. Abesifazane bangagcina isidoda iminyaka eminingana, esivumela ukuthi bavundise amaqanda kamuva kakhulu. Cishe izinsuku ezingama-65 ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi iye ekuvuthweni. Ubukhulu kanye nenani lamaqanda kuyehluka kuye ngosayizi, umsoco, nobudala. Amaqanda angaba ngu-15.4 mm ububanzi kanye no-35 kuya ku-40 mm ubude.
Esikhathini esiyizinsuku ezintathu, ngokwesilinganiso kufakwa amaqanda anombala kakhilimu omhlophe noma ophuzi okhanyayo ngokwesilinganiso ayishumi kuya kwangama-30. Izidleke zitholakala ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-45 kuya kwayi-1 futhi zingalala namaqanda abanye besifazane uma indawo yokwakha izidleke incane. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, abesifazane bangabuyela esidlekeni amahlandla amaningi, kepha ungahlali ukusigada. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-91 kuye kwezingu-120. Izinga lokushisa kufanele libe phakathi kuka-29 no-32 ° C. Amachwane avula iqanda asebenzise izinyo elikhethekile eliwa ngemuva nje kokuchanyuselwa.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, ama-iguana amancane abukeka efana nabantu abadala ngombala nangokuma. Zifana nezinsikazi ezindala kunabesilisa futhi ziswele umgogodla wokugcwala. Ngokukhula, lezi zilwane azinazo izinguquko ezibucayi morphological, ngaphandle kokuthi ziyakhula.
Kodwa-ke, ukudla kwesilwane kuhlobene ngqo nobudala. Ama-iguana amancane anesidingo esiphakeme samaprotheni futhi maningi amathuba okuthi adle izinambuzane namaqanda kunabantu abavuthiwe. Inzalo ihlala emaqenjini emindeni ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Ama-iguana angamaduna kula maqembu avame ukusebenzisa imizimba yawo ukuvikela nokuvikela abesifazane ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, futhi lokhu kubonakala kungukuphela kohlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezikwenza lokhu.
Izitha zemvelo zamaguwana
Isithombe: Iguana
Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokugwema izilwane ezidla ama-iguana ukuzifaka imibala. Ngoba zifana kakhulu nendawo yazo yokuhlala. Njengoba isibonile ingozi, isilwane sihlala singanyakazi futhi singanakwa. Ama-iguana amancane angatholakala ngamaqembu amancane futhi asebenzise isu "lomhlambi wobugovu" noma "iso elingcono kangcono" ukugwema izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ama-Iguana athanda ukuzigaxa emagatsheni ezihlahla alenga phezu kwamanzi, ngakho-ke lapho esongelwa yisilwane esidla ezinye, angena emanzini abhukude asheshe.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela zokuvimbela izidlo, ama-iguana aluhlaza ayakwazi ukukhipha imisila yawo eminingi, ngaleyo ndlela aphazamise izilwane ezizingelayo futhi akwazi ukuphunyula. OKlebe nezinye izinyoni ezinkulu bangaba yizilwane ezingaba yizilwane ezingama-iguana ezisencane. Abantu bangezinye zezilwane eziyizisulu eziyinhloko zama-igwana ajwayelekile. Badla ama-iguana kanye namaqanda abo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu basebenzisa lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ukuheha izingwenya futhi bazibambele ukuhweba ngezilwane. Njengezinye izilwane eziningi, ama-iguana aluhlaza ahlushwa ukubhujiswa kwendawo.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Kwamanye amazwe, i-iguana inenani lokupheka. Inyama ivunwa kuzo zombili izilwane zezilwane nezilwane zasemapulazini. Inyama yabo iyadliwa futhi ibizwa ngokuthi "inkukhu eluhlaza" ngoba uhlobo lwenyama lufana nenkukhu. Isitsha se-iguana esaziwa kakhulu iSopa de Garrobo.
I-iguana eluhlaza ingenye yezilwane ezaziwa kakhulu nge-terrarium futhi njengamanje ifuyelwa emapulazini aseNingizimu Melika ngale njongo. Kepha abathengi abaningi abazi ukuthi i-iguana encane ejwayelekile abayithengisele yona izofinyelela ku-2m ubude.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Lizard iguana
Yize abanye abantu behlaselwe ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kanye nokubamba ukuhweba ngezilwane, ama-iguana aluhlaza awathathwa njengasengozini yokuqothulwa. I-igwana ejwayelekile ibhalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo II. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukulawula ukuhweba kwalolu hlobo. I-IUCN ibeka i-iguana njengohlobo olungeyona inkinga. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukubalulwa kokuncipha kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokwanda kwamadolobha kuyinkinga engaba khona kubantu abaluhlaza be-iguana ngokuzayo.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ngaphezu kokusabalalisa imbewu, ama-iguana asebenza njengomthombo wokudla wezilwane ezinkulu. Njengamanye ama-amphibians kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ama-iguana angaba yizinkomba zokushintsha kwemvelo. Ngokubheka ukusabela kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo, abantu bangaxwayiswa ngezinkinga zemvelo ezingaba khona.
Ngokomlando, inyama namaqanda aluhlaza aluhlaza adliwe njengomthombo wamaprotheni futhi ayaziswa ngezindawo zawo okushiwo ukuthi zezokwelapha ne-aphrodisiac. Iguana kutshalwa ekuthunjweni njengomthombo wokudla ngomzamo wokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa komhlaba okuqhubekayo ePanama naseCosta Rica. Izindlela zokonga ezisetshenziselwe ukonga nokuqinisa inani labantu base-iguana zifaka izinhlelo zokuzalela abathunjiweyo, umkhuba wokukhulula izingane ezibanjwe endle, noma ezikhuliselwe ekuthunjweni, endaweni efiselekayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06/27/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-21: 58
